sition to Pope Innocent III., ii. 62. The executive and judicial
powers, where lodged under the Anglo-Norman government, 121.
A general view of its situation at the time of Henry III., 193. The
bad internal police at that time, 227. Intentions even then formed
for shaking off the papal yoke, 229. The first beginnings of popular
government in, 272. The source of the long antipathy between the
natives of, and those of France, 397. A great plague in, 448. The
popular sentiments of papal power over, in the reign of Edward III.,
493. State of its exports and imports in the year 1354, 495. An inquiry
into the nature of the homage paid to the Kings of, by those of Scot-
land, 501. Why generally successful in its contests with France,
iii. 98. Reflections on the ancient historians of, 296. Extension of the
regal authority by Henry VII., 396. An inquiry how far the dispo-
sition of the people co-operated with the designs of Henry VIII., in
renouncing all subjection to the church of Rome, iv. 125. The
lesser monasteries suppressed, 150. The authority of the Bishop of
Rome totally renounced by parliament, 164. Articles of faith framed
by the convocation, 166. The Reformation promoted by the accession
of Edward VI., 287. Battle of Pinkey, 303. Grievances of the
people at the infancy of the Reformation, 326. Insurrections, 329.
Articles of marriage between Queen Mary and Philip of Spain, 387.
Reflections of the people on this match, ib. Cruel persecution of
reformers, 411, 430. Is engaged by Philip in his war with France,
432. Calais taken by the Duke of Guise, 435. Death of Queen
Mary, 446. State of the navy during her reign, 448. Laws re-
specting trade, ib. An embassy sent by the Czar of Muscovy, 449.
The mean nasty manner of living among the English at this time,
450. Great alteration in this respect, 462. Accession of Queen
Elizabeth, v. I. The protestant religion restored, 10. Peace of
Cateau Cambresis, 17. The plague brought over from Havre de
Grace by the Earl of Warwic, 80. Useful manufactures introduced
by the Flemish refugees, 194 A treaty concluded by Elizabeth
with the revolted Hollanders, 220. Α voyage round the world, per-
formed by Sir Francis Drake, 234. Seminaries founded abroad for
the education of English Catholics, 236. Establishment of the court
of ecclesiastical commission, 262. Preparations for resisting the Spa-
nish invincible armada, 334. The armada destroyed, 343. Enormous
grants of monopolies by Elizabeth, 439. Death of Queen Eliza-
beth, 447:
Review of the state of, during her reign, 451. Com-
pared with the Turkish government, 459. Bad state of morals, and
remiss execution of justice, during her reign, 469. First establishment
of the East India Company, 477. An exclusive patent granted by
John Basilides, Czar of Muscovy, of the whole trade with that
country to the English, 478. This privilege taken away by the
Czar Theodore, ib. Commencement of the trade with Turkey, 479.
State of the navy in this reign, 480. Number of the people, 482.
The first law for the relief of the poor, when passed, 484. The
current specie in, at the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, 485. Re-
view of manners at this time, ib. State of literature, 490. Acces-
sion of James VI. of Scotland to the crown, vi. 1. Great alteration
observable in, at this time, by the progress of letters and improve-

ment

ment in arts, 21. Almost all the foreign trade of, monopolised
by exclusive companies, 23. Peace concluded with Spain, 27. The
hostile laws respecting Scotland abolished, 41. Crown and people,
how affected by the discovery of the West Indies, 47. Death of
James I., 153. Miscellaneous remarks on this period of history, 157.
Colonies established in America, 186. Characters of its early writers
on the revival of learning, 190. Peace concluded with France and
Spain, 279. The present happy state of its foreign affairs, ib. The
long parliament summoned, 365.
Reflections on the commencement

of the civil war, 485. State of parties when the King erected his
standard at Nottingham, 494- Battle of Edge-hill, 506.
Bristol
taken by Prince Rupert, 523. Battle of Newbury, 534. Battle of
Marston-moor, vii. 11. Second battle of Newbury, 17. Meeting
of the assembly of divines at Westminster, 32. Battle of Naseby,
57. Bristol taken and Prince Rupert dismissed, 61. The presby-
terian discipline established by parliament, 69. Trial of the King,
136. Execution of Charles I., 143. Confused state of the nation
after this event, 156. Battle of Worcester, 196. Confused state of
religion, 202. Its foreign exertions at this time, 203. See Common-
wealth of England. Engagement between Blake and Tromp, the
Dutch admiral, 212. War commenced with the States, 213. See
Blake, Ascue, Pen, &c. The advantages now gained at sea owing to
the ship-money levied by Charles, 216. The long parliament ter-
minated by Cromwel, 219. State of parties at this time, 226. A
new parliament summoned by Cromwel, 227. Cromwel chosen Pro-
tector, 232. See Protectorate. Peace with the Dutch, 236. Is di-
vided into twelve military jurisdictions, under so many major-generals,
244. Tunis bombarded by Blake, 254. Jamaica taken by Pen and
Venables, ib. The foreign and domestic administration of Cromwel,
258. Death of Oliver Cromwel, 286. Accession of Richard Crom-
wel, 293. He resigns, 297. The long parliament restored, 298.
The parliament expelled by the army, and a committee of safety
appointed, 303. State of foreign affairs, 304. The long parliament
again restored, 313. The long parliament dissolved, 320. Charles II.
proclaimed, 328. A review of internal circumstances at this period,
330. Dunkirk sold to the French, 386. Motives which produced
the Dutch war, 397. New York taken, 399. Alteration in the
method of taxing the clergy, 401. War declared against the States,
402. Great plague of London, 408. Fire of London, 415. Peace
of Breda, 422. Triple alliance, 435. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle,
437. Charles contracts a private league with Louis XIV., 464. War
with Holland, 479. Peace with Holland, 513. The Princess Mary
married to the Prince of Orange, viii. 35. The popish plot, 63.
A quo warranto issued against the city of London, 178. Conditions
on which the charter was restored, 181. Most of the corporations
surrender their charters, ib.. Death of Charles II., and accession of
his brother James II., 209. The Duke of Monmouth defeated at
Sedgmoor, 229. The court of high commission revived by James,
254. Declaration of indulgence published, 256. A solemn em-
bassy to Rome, 261. Case of Magdalen College, 265. The Eng-
lish make applications to the Prince of Orange, 282. The Prince

of

of Orange's preparations, 285. His declaration published, 290.
Lands at Torbay, 294. The King deserts his kingdom, and embarks
for France, 305. The convention-parliament called, 308. State of
parties at this critical time, 310. The crown settled on the Prince
and Princess of Orange, 319. Reflections on this revolution, ib.
Remarks on the administration of the Stuart family while they en-
joyed the government, 320. State of finances since the restoration,
324. State of the navy between the restoration and revolution, 325.
State of commerce, 328. Great increase of wealth, 329. State of
manners, 331. Royal society instituted, 332. Account of learned
men at this period, 333.

Entails, a statute passed by Edward I., to allow, ii. 321. A law of
Henry VII. to empower the owners of estates to break them,
iii. 400. Important effects of this statute, ib.

Episcopacy, is abolished in Scotland, vi. 334. Is abjured in England,
vii. 32. Is restored in England, 361. Is tacitly restored in Scot-
land, 366.

Erasmus, his account of the mean nasty manner of living among the
English, iv. 448.

Ercombert, son of Eadbald King of Kent, his piety celebrated by Bede,

i. 39.

Ermenfroy, Bishop of Sion, sent by Pope Alexander, as his legate, to
William the Conqueror, i. 256. Summons a council at Winchester,

ib. Degrades Stigand Archbishop of Canterbury, 257.
Erne, two engagements on the banks of, between Edward Baliol and
Earl of Mar, ii. 384.

Erudition of a Christian man, a treatise so called, published by Henry
VIII., iv. 223. Subscription to this work enjoined by parliament,
238.

Escheats, the great advantages made of them by the Anglo-Norman
Kings, ii. 128.

Escus, the son of Hengist King of Kent, his character, i. 28.
Essex, history of the Saxon kingdom of, i. 51.

Cromwel, Earl of. See Cromwel.

the young Earl of, attends his father-in-law the Earl of Lei-
cester, in his expedition to the United Provinces, v. 273. Joins Sir
Francis Drake secretly in his expedition against Portugal, 350. Com-
mands a body of forces sent to the assistance of Henry IV. of France,
360. Commands the forces sent against Cadiz, 379.
Takes Cadiz.
by assault, and plunders it, 380. His eagerness to prosecute farther
advantages, 381. Is appointed to command a second armament
against Spain, 382. Is by a storm forced to alter his destination to
the intercepting the Indian fleet, ib. Misses all but three ships, 384.
Is made Earl Marshal of England, ib. Instances of his lofty spirit and
rash conduct, 390. His resentment on receiving a blow from Eliza-
beth, 391. Solicits the government of Ireland, 403. Is sent to
Ireland under the title of Lord Lieutenant, 404. His formidable
army and extensive powers, ib. Disobeys the Queen in promoting
the Earl of Southampton, 405. Is misled in his first movements by
the Irish council, 406. His unsuccessful expedition into Munster,
407. His treaty with Tyrone, 408. His sudden journey to London,

and

and conference with the Queen, 409. Is committed to custody, and
falls ill, 410. Is examined before the privy council, 414. His de-
fence, ib. The sentence pronounced against him by the Lord-keeper,
415. His patent for the monopoly of sweet wines refused to be re-
newed by the Queen, 418. His intrigues against the Queen, 419.
Indulges his ill-humour in satirical reflections against her, 420. Con-
certs a plan for obliging the Queen to declare James of Scotland her
successor, 421. Maintains a correspondence with James, 422. En-
ters into a conspiracy at Drury-house, 423. Is summoned to the
council, 424.
Sallies out with his friends into the city, 425. Meet-
ing with no countenance, he returns and surrenders, 427. Is tried
and condemned, ib. 428. Makes a full confession to the council,
429. Is executed, 430. His character, 431. The Countess of Not-
tingham's treachery towards him discovered. 446. Amount of the
Queen's gifts to him, 473. His letter on receiving the blow from
Elizabeth, 524.

Essex, Devereux, the young Earl of, marries the Lady Frances Howard,
vi. 67. Her obstinate aversion to him, ib. The secret motive of his
disgust, ib. Is divorced from his lady, 70. Encourages the oppo-
sition of the Commons to Charles I., 462. Is made general of the
parliament's army, 490. The separate bodies of forces all assemble
under him at Northampton, 503. A body of his forces defeated by
Prince Rupert, 505. Marches from Worcester to meet the King,
506. Battle of Edge-hill, ib. Arrives at London, 509. Is joined
by the city trained bands, ib. Takes Reading, 512. Is joined by
Sir William Waller, 515. His army surprised by Prince Rupert,
and Hambden killed, 521. Retires toward London, 522. Exhorts
the parliament to peace, 530. Marches to the relief of Gloucester,
531. Obliges the King to raise the siege, ib. Battle of Newbury,
532. Returns to London, 533. Is applied to by the royal party,
but resists all personal treaty with them, vii. 5. His forces in Corn-
wall reduced by the King, 16. Collects his army again, and, in
conjunction with Manchester and Cromwel, defeats the King at New-
bury, 17. Resigns his command in consequence of the self-denying
ordinance, 28. Dies, 81.

Earl of, is made treasurer on the removal of the Earl of Danby,
viii. 102. Resigns, 122, ib. Enters into the Duke of Monmouth's con-
spiracy, 182. Is apprehended, 188. His extraordinary death, 199.
Estates, the entailment of, allowed, ii. 321. Are admitted to be broken,
iii. 400. Important consequences of this latter law, ib.
Etching, the art of, by whom invented, viii. 329.

Ethelbert, associated with his father Hermenric in the kingdom of Kent,
i. 29. His wars, by which he acquired a superiority in the heptarchy, ib.
Espouses a Christian Princess, daughter of Caribert King of Paris, 31.
His speech to Augustine the monk, on his arrival, 34. Is converted
to Christianity, 35. Publishes a body of written laws, 37. Dies, 38.
Ethelburga, wife of Edwin King of Northumberland, converts her hus-
band to christianity, i. 43.

Etheldred, brother to Wolfhere, King of Mercia, his history, i. 47.
Ethelfleda, sister of King Edward the Elder, some account of, with her
character, i. 102.

Ethelred,

Ethelred, brother and successor of King Edward the Martyr, harrassed
by the Danes, i. 131. 132. 141. Revenges the treachery of Alfric
Duke of Mercia, by putting out his son's eyes, 132. Becomes tri-
butary to the Danes, 133. Marries Emma, sister of Richard II., Duke
of Normandy, 135. Causes a massacre of the Danes, 141. His fleet
destroyed by the Danes, 143. Consequent distress and confusion, ib.
Retreats to Normandy, ib. Returns, 144. His death, and an ac-
count of his children, 146. 150.

Ethelwald, cousin-german to King Edward the elder, rebels against
him, i. 90. Joins the East Anglian Danes, 100. Killed in battle,

Under-

Ethelwolf, son of Egbert, King of England, harrassed by the Danish in-
vasions, i. 69. Gains a victory over them at Okely, 71.
takes a pilgrimage to Rome, ib. Marries the daughter of the Em-
peror Charles the Bald, ib. Shares his kingdom with his son, 72.
Grants to the clergy their claim of tithes, ib. Leaves his kingdom
between his two elder sons, 74.

Ethered, son of Ethelwolf, succeeds his brothers, Ethelbald and Ethel-
bert, in the kingdom of England, i. 74.

Evers, Lord, conducts an inroad into Scotland, and boasts of his pro-
gress, iv. 248. Is killed at the battle of Ancram, 249.

Evesham, battle of, between Prince Edward and Simon de Montfort,
Earl of Leicester, ii. 215.

Evidence, the state of, under the old Anglo-Saxon law, i. 223.
Evil, Edward the Confessor the first who touched for it, i. 178.
Europe, influence of the free constitutions of the Germans in new-
modelling the governments of, i. 197. State of, at the commence-
ment of the crusades, 296. State of, at the accession of Henry II.,
379. The balance of power in, well secured at the commencement of
the reign of Henry VIII., iii. 415. The great revolution made in, at
the commencement of the seventeenth century, by the diffusion of
letters and progress of arts, vi. 21. The liberties of the people in,
how abridged, 101. Account of the revival of letters in, 190. A
review of the state of, at the time of the English protectorate, under
Oliver Cromwel, vii. 245.

Eustace, Count of Bologne, fray between his retinue and the townsmen
of Dover, i. 163. Endeavours, in conjunction with the Kentish-
men, to seize the castle of Dover from the Normans, 242.

son of King Stephen, is refused to be anointed as his father's
successor, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 368.

Exchange, royal, by whom first built, v. 483.

Ex-

Exchequer, Court of, or Curia Regis, the primitive institution of, ii. 122.
Causes in, often heard by the King personally, ib. The first of the
four courts of record, among which its ancient jurisdiction is now di-
vided, 123.
Appeals to, in what cases anciently allowed, 125.
traordinary instances produced from the records, of bribery, and the
sale of justice, 131. Black book of, its origin, 266. Divided into
four distinct courts, 320. Shut up by Charles II., vii. 475.
Excise, the first introduction of, in England, by the long parliament,

vii. 4.

VOL. VIH.

EE

Exclusion-