of, during the time of the Commonwealth, vii. 330. Great altéra
tion in, produced by the Restoration, viii. 331.

Mansel, chaplain to Henry III., his enormous possession of pluralities,
ii. 169.

Mansfield, Count, commands an army in the service of Frederick, Elec-
tor Palatine, vi. 123. Is dismissed and engages in the service of the
United Provinces, 124. Is engaged by James, and assisted with
men to recover the Palatinate, 151. His men reduced by sickness,
152.
Manufactures, state of, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, v. 483. State
of, in the reign of James I., vi. 181. Great increase of, after the
Restoration, viii. 328.

Manwayring, is impeached by the Commons for his sermon on the regal
prerogative in levying taxes, vi. 255. Is promoted to the see of St.
Asaph, ib.

Mar, Earl of, chosen Regent of Scotland, on the death of Lenox, v. 202.
Is obliged to conclude a truce with the Queen's party, ib. Dies of
melancholy, at the distracted state of the country, ib.

forms an association who seize the young King James, 248.

March, Earl of. See Mortimer.

Marche, Count de la, his wife Isabella taken from him by the Count of
Angouleme, her father, and married to John King of England, ii. 43.
Excites commotions against John in the French provinces, ib. Is
taken prisoner by John, 46. Marries Isabella on John's death, 164.
Margaret of Anjou, her character, iii. 170. Married to Henry VI. of
England, ib. Joins the Cardinal of Winchester's faction against the
Duke of Gloucester, ib. Suspected of having some hand in Glou-
cester's murder, 173. Delivered of a son, 198. Raises an army in
the north of England, and defeats and kills the Duke of York, 209.
Her army under the Earl of Pembroke defeated by Edward Duke of
York at Mortimer's cross, 210. Defeats the Earl of Warwic at St.
Albans, ib. Regains possession of the King, ib. Retires before
the army of Edward Duke of York, 211. Consequences of the licen-
tiousness of her troops, 217. Her army routed at Touton, 218.
Retires with Henry to Scotland, 219. Endeavours to engage the
Scots in her interest, 220. Solicits assistance in France, 223. De-
feated at Hexham, 224. Her extraordinary adventure with robbers
in a forest, 225. Goes to her father's court, and retires, ib. En-
ters into a league with the Earl of Warwic, 238. Marries her son
Edward to the Lady Anne, daughter to the Earl of Warwic, ib. Re-
turns to England on the restoration of her husband, but arrives not
till after Warwic's defeat, 244. Ransomed by Lewis of France, 258.
Her character, ib.

of Norway, by what title she succeeded to the crown of Scot-.
land, ii. 246. Guardians appointed during her infancy, ib. Treaty
of marriage between her and Prince Edward of England, ib.
on her passage to Scotland, 247.

Dies

daughter to Henry VII., married to James IV. of Scotland,
iii. 386. Marries Douglas Earl of Angus, on the death of James IV.,
iv. 5.
Is divorced, and marries another nobleman, 123.
Marignan, battle of, between Francis I. of France and the Swiss, iv. 9.

Markham,

Markham, Sir George, his oppressive treatment by the court of star
chamber, vi. 305.

Marlebridge, laws enacted by the parliament summoned there by
Henry III., after the Baron's wars, ii. 223.
Marre, Donald Earl of, appointed Regent on the death of the Earl of
Murray, ii. 383. Is defeated and killed by Edward Baliol, 384.
Marriage with kindred, an examination of the question concerning,
with
reference to that of Henry VIII. with Catharine of Arragon, iv. 101.
Marshal's court abolished by the long parliament, vi. 422.
Marston-moor, battle of, between Prince Rupert and Sir Thomas
Fairfax, vii. II.

Martial law, the arbitrary indiscriminate exertion of, previous to and
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, v. 454.

Martin II., Pope, summons a council at Placentia, to consult about
rescuing the Holy Land from the Turks, i. 294. Calls another coun-
cil at Clermont, 295.

V., Pope elected by the council of Constance, iii. 118. Writes
Henry VI. a severe letter against the statute of provisors, 214.
Martyr, Peter, desires leave to withdraw from England at the accession
of Queen Mary, iv. 377. Is generously assisted by Bishop Gardiner,
378. Indignities used to his wife's body, ib.

Martyrs. See Heresy.

Mary of Anjou, Queen to Charles VII. of France, recovers her husband
from his dejection on the seige of Orleans, iii. 141.

-, Princess, sister to Henry VIII., married to Lewis XII. of
France, who dies quickly after, iii. 443. Marries the Duke of Suf-
folk, 445.

Princess, daughter of Henry VIII., betrothed an infant, to
the Dauphin of France, iv. 14. Is after betrothed to the Emperor
Charles, 26. Is contracted by treaty with the Duke of Orleans, 71.
The states of Castile oppose her marriage with the Emperor, 76.
The Bishop of Tarbe, ambassador from France, objects to her mar
riage with the Duke of Orleans, ib. Is excluded from the succession
by parliament, 118. Is taken into favour on her compliance with
the acknowledgement of her father's supremacy, 162. Is illegitimated
by parliament, 163. Is restored to her right of succession by parlia
ment, 242. Adheres to the mass during the steps to reformation in
her brother's reign, and, by the Emperor's means, obtains a tem-
porary connivance, 325. Her chaplains imprisoned, 346. Is re-
monstrated with by the council, ib. Continues obstinate in the Catholic
faith, ib. A discussion of her title to the succession, 366.
Her
narrow escape from falling into the hands of Northumberland on her
brother's death, 368. Her measures to secure possession of the crown,
ib. The Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed at London, ib. The nobility
and people flock to her, 370. The Lady Jane deserted, and her title
universally acknowledged, 371, 372. Causes the Lady Jane and her
party to be apprehended, 372. Releases the Duke of Norfolk and
other prisoners from the Tower, 374- Affects popularity, ib. Her
bigotry, 375. Imprisons the Protestant Bishops, 376. Cause of her
prosecuting Cranmer for treason, ib. The mass celebrated before
the parliament, 379. All Edward's statutes on religion repealed, ib,

Deliberates

Deliberates on the choice of three husbands proposed to her, 380.
Cause of her first declared animosity to her sister Elizabeth, ib. De-
clares her intention of reconcilement to Rome, 381. Invites over
Cardinal Pole in quality of legate, ib. The Emperor Charles V. pro-
poses his son Philip to her for a husband, 383. Dissolves the parlia-
ment for opposing the Spanish match, 385. Substance of the marriage
articles, 386. Remarks of the people on this alliance, 387. Insur-
rections on occasion of it, 388. Treats her sister Elizabeth harshly,
390. Orders the execution of Lady Jane and her husband, 392. Her
.cruelconduct with respect to Sir Nicholas Throgmorton, 394. Disarms
the people, ib. Her fond anxiety for the arrival of Philip, 397. Is
married to him, 398. Is unable to get her husband declared pre-
sumptive heir to the crown, or to get him crowned, 401. Imagines
herself pregnant, 402. Dissolves the parliament, 403. Resolves to
exert the laws against heresy with rigour, 411. See Heresy. An ex-
press commission issued, more effectually to extirpate heresy, 416. A
proclamation against heretical books, 419. Sends a solemn embassy to
Pope Paul IV., 420. Resolves to comply with the Pope's demand of
full restitution of all church property, 421. Is dejected at her husband's
neglect, and going to Flanders, 422. Her oppressive extortions from
her subjects, 423. Is opposed by Pole and others in her design of en-
gaging the kingdom in Philip's quarrel with France, 432. Philip
returns to press her to that measure, ib. How this was effected, ib.
Raises money arbitrarily for this war, 433. Calais taken by the Duke
of Guise, 435. Obtains grants from parliament, 441. All sales or
grants of crown lands by her, for seven years to come, confirmed by
parliament, ib. Thanks her sister for referring the King of Sweden's
proposals of marriage to her consideration, 442. Prepares a great
fleet for a descent on Britany, which fails, 443. Her health de-

clines, and the cause of her illness, 445. Dies ib. An estimate of
her character, ib.

Mary, daughter of James V. of Scotland, born, iv. 230. Becomes
Queen by the death of her father, ib. Is contracted to Prince Ed-
ward of England, 233. Is sent to France, and betrothed to the
Dauphin, 312. Is married to the Dauphin, 440. Assumes the title
and arms of England on the accession of Queen Elizabeth, v. 19.
Treaty of Edinburgh, and settlement of the administration by this
treaty during her absence, 36. Refuses her assent to the parlia
mentary reformation of religion, 39. Refuses to ratify the treaty of
Edinburgh, 40. Her husband Francis II. dies, 42. Refuses the
desire of the English ambassador, of ratifying the treaty of Edinburgh,
or to renounce her pretensions to the crown of England, 43. Is ill
treated by the Queen-mother of France, and resolves to return to
Scotland, ib. Her resentment on being refused a passage through
England, ib. Arrives in Scotland, 45. Shews great regret on leaving
France, ib. Her character and accomplishments, 47. Bestows her con-
fidence on the leaders of the reformed party ib. Loses her popularity
by her adherence to the Catholic religion, 48. Is exposed to insults
from this cause, ib. Endeavours to gain the favour of John Knox,
the Reformer, who contrives to insult her, 49. Her life rendered un-
happy through his insolent conduct, 50. Her future errors deducible

in part from this cause, 52. Is petitioned by the church on account of
a riot at a bawdy-house, ib. Outrages committed on her chapel, 53.
Makes an ill-judged claim to Elizabeth, of being declared her suc-
cessor, 56. Elizabeth's reply to her, ib. An apparent reconciliation
takes place between them, 81. Elizabeth evades an interview with
her, ib. Divers matches concerted for her by her uncles, 82. The
Earl of Leicester proposed to her by Elizabeth, ib. Is piqued at
Elizabeth's duplicity in this offer, 84. Sends Sir James Melvil to
London to accommodate their differences, ib. The Lord Darnley
proposed to her as a husband, 85. Is advised by Elizabeth to invite
him, and his father the Earl of Lenox, to Scotland, 86. Elizabeth
inconsistently against the match, 87. Reflections on her situation in
being of a different religion from her people, ib. Is exhorted by the
general assembly to renounce the Romish religion, 88. Is married to
Lord Darnley, 89. A confederacy formed against her at Stirling, 90.
Drives the rebels into Argyleshire, 91. Forces them to retire into
England, ib. Elizabeth's deceitful conduct on this occasion, ib.
Pardons the leaders of the conspiracy, 92. Is advised to rigour by
her uncle the Cardinal of Lorraine, 93. Summons a parliament, to
attaint the rebel Lords, 94. A character of her husband Darnley, ib.
Incurs his resentment on her neglect of him, on discovery of his
weakness and vices, 95. Her attachment to David Rizzio, ib.
Rizzio assassinated in her presence by Darnley's order, 97. Is de-
tained prisoner in her palace, 98. Is reconciled to the banished
Lords, ib. Her art in procuring her liberty, 99. Collects an army,
and drives the conspirators into England, ib. Grants them liberty
to return home at the intercession of Bothwel, ib. Makes Darnley

disavow all concern in Rizzio's murder, and then leaves him in dis-
dain, ib. Is brought to bed of a son, 100. Sends Sir James Melvil
to Elizabeth with the news, ib. Melvil's account of Elizabeth's be
haviour on this intelligence, ib. Her intimacy with Bothwel, 105.
An apparent reconciliation between her and Darnley, 106. Darnley
blown up with gunpower in a lone house, 107. Is suspected to have
concerted this murder with Bothwel, ib. Is petitioned by the Earl of
Lenox for justice against Bothwel, and others, whom he charged with
the murder, 108. Calls a parliament, and establishes the protestant
religion, 109. Bothwel recommended to her for a husband by the
nobility, 110. Is seized by Bothwel, to afford her the plea of vio
lence, 111. Grants him a pardon for all crimes, ib. Acknowledges
herself free, and orders the banns to be published for her marriage
with Bothwel, now made Duke of Orkney, 113. Craig, the minister,
who is ordered to publish the banns, firmly remonstrates against it, ib.
Is married to Bothwel, 115. Is exhorted against it both by her
French relations and Elizabeth, ib. The people murmur at these
gross proceedings, ib. A confederacy of nobility formed against her,
who take arms, 118. Is reduced to put herself into the hands of
the confederates, 119. Is conducted to Edinburgh amidst the re-
proaches and insults of the people, ib. Is sent to the castle of
Lochleven, 120. An embassy sent by Elizabeth, in her favour, 121.
Four different schemes framed for the treatment of her, by her subjects,
123. Pretensions to the regency, 124. Is forced to resign the crown,
and

VOL. VIII.

II

and concur in a settlement of the administration during her son's minority, 124. Escapes from Lochleven Castle, 127. An association formed, and an army raised, in her favour, ib. Receives offers of assistance from Elizabeth, ib. Is defeated by Murray at Langside, 128. Retires to England, craving protection from Elizabeth, ib. Is required by Elizabeth to clear herself from the murder of her husband, 131. Sends Lord Herries to declare her readiness to submit her cause to Elizabeth, 132. Appoints commissioners on her part, 134. The conferences opened at York, ib. The secret reason of the weak allegations made against her by Murray, 137. Elizabeth transfers the conferences to Hampton-court, and adds other commissioners, 139. Murray accuses her more explicitly, and her commissioners refuse to answer, 141. Her letters and sonnets to Bothwel produced, 142. Is directly charged with the murder by Hubert, Bothwel's servant, at his execution, ib. The result of the conference laid before the English privy-council, 144. Elizabeth's reply to her commissioners, ib. Is removed from Bolton to Tutbury, under the custody of the Earl of Shrewsbury, 146. Refuses to make any concessions, ib. A marriage with the Duke of Norfolk proposed to her, 156. Receives a letter from the Earl of Leicester, recommending this match, 159. Returns a favourable answer, ib. Is removed to Coventry, and more strictly guarded, 162. Writes to Murray, but receives no answer, 166. Her party strengthened by the death of Murray, 168. Receives terms for a treaty from Elizabeth, which she agrees to, 170. Elizabeth evades this treaty, and convinces her of her insincerity, 172. Enters into the Duke of Norfolk's conspiracy, Her 197. Elizabeth remonstrates with her on her conduct, 200. party in Scotland suppressed by the influence of Elizabeth, 203. Her confinement rendered stricter by the apprehensions of Elizabeth, 222. Writes a pathetic letter to Elizabeth, 250. Her proposal of accommodation, 253. Counterfeit letters writ in her name by the English ministry, to discover her partisans, 257. Is committed to the custody of Sir Amias Paulet, and Sir Drue Drury, 258. Desires leave to subscribe Leicester's association for the Queen's protection, ib. Enters into Babington's conspiracy, 288. Is conveyed to Fotheringaycastle, 291. Her papers seized, ib. Her answer to the information of her approaching trial, 292. Is prevailed on to submit to trial, 294. Is proved to have conspired against her son James, 295. The commissioners adjourn to the star-chamber, London, and sentence her to death, 299. Her last letter to Elizabeth, 303. Her behaviour on being ordered to prepare for execution, 311. cuted, 319. Her character, ib. Proofs of the authenticity of her letters to Bothwel, 496. The Countess of Shrewsbury's scandalous reports of Queen Elizabeth communicated by her to the Queen, 506. Her resentment against her son for deserting her cause, 509. Inquiry into the evidences of her engagement in Babington's conspiracy, 510.

Is exe

Mary, Lady, daughter of James Duke of York, is married to the Prince of Orange, viii. 34. Concurs in the settlement of the crown of England on the Prince, her husband, 318.

Mass-book reviewed and altered by Henry VIII., iv. 225. Private masses

abolished