ritories, 19. Is obliged to restore his acquisitions, by the treaty of
Nimeguen, 46.

Brandon, Sir Charles, favourite of Henry VIII., created Duke of Suf-
folk for his services at the battle of Flowden, iii. 440. See Suffolk.
Brause, William de, his wife and son starved to death in prison, for an
imprudent reflection on King John, ii. 66.

Bread, the assize of, how settled in the 35th year of Henry III., ii. 224.
Breda, negotiations there, between Charles II. and the Scotch Commis-
sioners, vii, 173. Treaty of peace there, between the English, Dutch,
and French, 419.

Brebon law or custom in Ireland, explained, vi. 58. Is abolished, 59.
Brembre, Sir Nicholas, his unjust trial and execution, iii. 20.

Breteuil, William de, treasurer to William Rufus, forced to deliver up
his charge to Henry, William's successor, i. 313.

Bretigni, treaty of, between Edward III. and France, ii. 469.

Bribery, the first instance of, being practised towards members of par
liament, vi. 305. A bribe given to a mayor for an election, with the
probable reason for it, v. 183. Note.

Brill, attacked and seized by the Flemish exiles, v. 214.

Bristol, when first erected into a bishopric, iv. 183. Is besieged and
taken by Prince Rupert, vi. 522.

-, Digby, Earl of, sent ambassador to Spain, by James I. to con-
clude the Spanish match, vi. 125. His favourable accounts of the
progress of the treaty, 127. His negotiations obstructed by Bucking-
ham's bringing the Prince to Spain, 136. Is disgraced on coming
home, 147. Is impeached in the reign of Charles, and in return im
peaches Buckingham, 215.

Earl of, impeaches the Chancellor Clarendon in the House of
392.

Lords, vii,
Britain, by whom first peopled, i. 2. 471. The manners and govern.
ment of the inhabitants previous to the landing of Cæsar, 3. Their
religion, 4. Invaded by Julius Cæsar, 6. How regarded and
treated by his successors, ib. Caractacus defeated, 7. Boadicea de-
feated, 8. Its subjection effected by Julius Agricola, 9. Abandoned
by the Romans, II. Harassed by the Picts and Scots, 12. Assisted
by the Romans in rebuilding Adrian and Severus's wall, and finally
deserted by them, 13. Why they were unable to resist the Picts and
Scots, ib. Their third application to Rome for assistance ineffectual,
14. Conjectures as to their civil government, when left by the Ro-
mans, 15. Invite the Saxons over, 16. Are subjected by these
auxiliaries, 19. Some of them take refuge, and settle in Britany
in France, 21. Consequences of their being overrun by the Saxons,
27. See England.

Britany, by whom settled, i. 21. For Arthur Duke of, see Arthur.
For Conan, see Conan. The Britons chuse Alice for their sovereign,
on the murder of Arthur, by his uncle John King of England, ii. 48.
They appeal to Philip, who judges John to have forfeited all his
possessions in France, 49. Guy de Thouars, who governs for his
daughter Alice, being jealous of Philip's power, joins with John,
55. Contests between Charles de Blois, and the Count de Mount-
ford,

ford, for the possession of that dutchy, ii. 416. State of, at the time of Henry VII. of England, iii. 335. The Barons incite an invasion by the King of France, 336. Assisted too late by the English, 345. Cause of their domestic dissentions, 346. The young Dutchess married to Maximilian, ib. Annexed to France by marriage, 349. Britany, Duke of, accedes to the treaty of Troye, iii. 127. His interest, how cultivated by the Duke of Bedford, ib. Withdraws from the English interest, 136. Created Constable of France, ib. Forced by the Duke of Bedford to renounce his new alliance, 137.

Francis II. Duke of, his character, iii. 335. His favourite, Peter Landius, put to death by the nobles, ib. Protects Lewis Duke of Orleans at his court, who forms a party there, 336. Appoints Orleans to oppose the invasion of the King of France, ib. Obliged to fly, 337. His answer to the offer of mediation by Henry VII., 341. His fortune ruined, and his death, 343.

Anne, Dutchess of, married by proxy to Maximilian King of the Romans, iii. 346. Pressed to a marriage with the King of France, 349. The dutchy annexed to the crown of France by this marriage, ib.

Broke, Lord, a parliament general, account of his death, vi. 514. Brook-house Committee, inquiry into their conduct towards Charles II., vii. 455. 531.

Brounker, inquiry into his conduct in the engagement between the Duke of York and Opdam the Dutch admiral, vii. 403.

Bruce, Robert, his claim of succession to the crown of Scotland, how founded, ii. 248. Acknowledges the claim of Edward I., as superior Lord of Scotland, 256. His claim to Scotland rejected by Edward, in favour of Baliol, 258. Countenances the revolt of William Wallace, 300.

Bruce, Robert, the younger, serves in the English army at the battle of Falkirk, ii. 305. His conference with William on the banks of Carron, ib. Is gained over to the Scots interest by Wallace, 306. Succeeds to his father's pretensions to the crown of Scotland, 312. Opens his designs in confidence to John Cumming, the late Regent, 313. Is betrayed by Cumming, 314. Retreats to Scotland, ib. His declaration to the Scots nobility, ib. Kills Cumming, 316. Routs the English, and is crowned at Scone. 317. Is defeated by Aymer de Valence, ib. Reduces the castles, and is acknowledged by the whole country, 337. The prudent disposition of his forces against the appearance of Edward's army, 339. Defeats Edward at Bannockburn, 340. His independency secured by his victory, 341. Makes an unsuccessful expedition to Ireland, 342. Repulses an attempt of Edward, and concludes a truce with him for thirteen years, 350. Invades England on the death of Edward II., 372. Concludes a treaty with Mortimer, 376. Dies, and is succeeded by his son David. See David.

David, succeeds his father Robert, in the kingdom of Scotland, and left under the guardianship of the Earl of Murray, ii. 381. Is disturbed by the pretensions of Baliol, 382. The Regency committed to the Earl of Marre, on Murray's death, 383. Is sent to France on the conquest of Scotland by Edward Baliol, 385. Is re

A A 4

called

called to Scotland, 439. Invades England during Edward's absence,
ib. Is taken prisoner by Queen Philippa, 440. Recovers his liberty,
461.

Defeated

Buchan, Earl of, defeats the Duke of Clarence at Baugé in Anjou, iii.
114. Rewarded with the office of Constable of France, ib.
and killed by the Duke of Bedford at Verneuil, 132.
Buchanan, George, assists in the hearing the cause of Mary Queen of
Scots, before the English Commissioners, v. 134.

Buckingham, Duke of, harangues the people in favour of the Duke of
Gloucester's pretensions to the crown, iii. 278. Offers the crown to
him as a popular tender, 279. His pedigree and family connections,
282. Created Constable, with other emoluments, 283. Becomes dis-
contented, and forms schemes against Richard, 284. Raises forces,
but is disappointed by great rains, 289. Tried and executed, ib.

Duke of, offends Cardinal Wolsey, iv. 27. Is tried and exe-
cuted for indiscreet expressions against Henry VIII., ib. Was the
last who enjoyed the office of Constable, 28.

, George Villiers, created Duke of, vi. 79. Is made Lord
High Admiral, ib. His character, 128. Persuades Prince Charles to
a journey to Madrid, 129. His boisterous importunity with James to
gain his consent, 131. His behaviour odious to the Spaniards, 136.
Affronts Olivarez the Spanish minister, ib. Determines to break off
the treaty of marriage, 137. Misrepresents the affair to Parliament,
140. Cabals with the Puritans, 142. Procures the Treasurer
Middlesex to be impeached, 144. Begins to lose the King's favour,
146. Prevails on the King to send Bristol to the Tower on his return,
147. Remarks on his character, and its influence on parliamentary
conduct, 201. Is impeached by the Earl of Bristol, 215. And by
the Commons, ib. Is chosen Chancellor of the University of Cam-
bridge, 217. Makes love to the Queen of France, 234. Is rivalled
by Cardinal Richlieu, ib. Determines to engage England in a war
with France, ib. Commands a fleet sent to assist the Rochellers, whọ
refuse to admit him, 236. His indiscreet attack of the Isle of Rhé, ib.
Is forced to return, ib. Is assassinated by Felton at Portsmouth,
261. Remarks on his Spanish negotiation, 571.

Villiers, Duke of, advises Charles II. to accept the terms of-
fered by the Scots Commissioners at Breda, vii. 175. Is the only cour-
tier allowed to attend Charles in Scotland, 193. Aims at a compre-
hension with the Presbyterians,, and a toleration of other sects, 453.
Is one of the cabal ministry, 458. His character, 459. Goes over to
France, to concert the war against the States, 465. Lord Ossory's
speech to him, on Blood's attempt on the Duke of Ormond, 470. Is
sent to Holland to treat with Louis XIV. about peace with the States,
492. Is examined on his conduct at the bar of the House of Commons,
512. Is dismissed from the ministry, viii. 10. Favours, in conjunction
with Algernon Sydney and others, the intrigues of France, and re-
ceives bribes from that Court, 43. Note. Introduces the manufacture
of glass from Venice, 329. Character of his rehearsal, 335.
Bullion, and foreign coin, when first allowed to be exported, viii. 329.
Burchet, Peter, a Puritan, wounds Captain Hawkins by mistake, instead
of Hatton, Elizabeth's favourite, v. 455.

Burdet,

Burdet, Thomas, cruel execution of, in the reign of Edward IV., iii.
261.

Burgesses of corporations, when first summoned to Parliament, ii. 210.
The principles that operated to their forming one body of the legisla-
ture, with the representatives of counties, 277.

Burgundians and Armagnacs, import of those distinctions in France, and
the troubles occasioned by, iii. 94. 104.

Burgundy, John Duke of, disputes the administration of affairs with the
Duke of Orleans, on the insanity of Charles VI., iii. 93. His deceit-
ful reconciliation with Orleans, ib. Causes him to be assassinated, ib.
Avows and justifies the assassination, ib. Expelled France, and solicits
the aid of England, 98. Attempts to seize the government, but is dis-
appointed, 104. His treaty with Henry V., and secret one with the
Dauphin, 107. Distrustful precautions in the interview between him
and the Dauphin, 108. Assassinated by the Dauphin's retinue, ib.

Philip, Duke of, treats with Henry V., yields every thing to
him, for the marriage of his sister with the Duke of Bedford, and the
revenging his father's murder, iii. 110. Articles of this treaty, ib. Re-
flections on this treaty, 111. Review of his conduct, 126. Marries
his sister to the Duke of Bedford, 127. His quarrels with the Duke
of Gloucester on account of Jaqueline Countess of Hainault, 134.
Detaches himself from the English interest, 136. Recalls his troops
from the siege of Orleans, 140. His alliance with the Duke of Bed-
ford renewed, 152. Besieges Compeigne, and takes Joan D'Arc
prisoner, 155. Differs with the Duke of Bedford, 160. Attends
the Congress at Arras, 161. Makes his peace with Charles, 162. His
herald ill-treated at London, ib. Besieges Calais, 164. Retreats on
the defiance sent by the Duke of Gloucester, 165. Concludes a
truce with the English, 167.

Charles Duke of, makes an alliance with Edward IV. of Eng-
land, iii. 231. Marries Edward's sister, 232. Assists him with a fleet
against the Earl of Warwick, 240. Assists him covertly after his ex-
pulsion, 245. Renews his alliance with Edward, 252. His death and
character, 259.

-, Margaret Duchess of, her character, iii. 328. How induced to
patronize the pretensions of Lambert Simnel against Henry VII., ib.
Sends forces to his assistance, ib. Raises up the imposture of Perkin
Warbeck, 356. Her public reception of him, 358.
Burleigh, Cecil Lord, discovers to Elizabeth the Duke of Norfolk's con-
spiracy, v. 198. Is made Treasurer, and with others ordered by Eliza-
beth to prepare the articles of marriage between her and the Duke of
Anjou, 241. His vigilance and artifices in detecting conspiracies, 257.
His death and character, 392. Was the proposer of a scheme for le
vying a general loan, 460. And of exacting money by erecting a
court for the correction of abuses, 462. His computation of the
Queen's gifts to Essex, 474. His magnificent hospitality, 487.
Burley, Sir Simon, short history of, iii. 22. Executed by Gloucester
and his party, notwithstanding the Queen's earnest solicitations for
him, 23.

Burton, a divine, is cruelly sentenced by the Star Chamber, vi. 306. His
sentence reversed by the Commons, 377. See Bastwick.
Butler, a character of his Hudibras, viii. 337.

C

CABAL, a character of the ministry known under that name, vií.
458. The counsels given by, to the King, 461. Remarks on the
schemes adopted by, viii. 1. Concert a plan for restoring Popery,
4. Note.

Cabot, Sebastian, sent out by Henry VII. on discovery in America, iii.
405. Discovers Newfoundland, 406.

Cade, John, assumes the name of Mortimer, iii. 189. Heads an insurrec-
tion in Kent, ib. Gets possession of London, ib. His followers dis-
couraged and dispersed, 190. Cade killed, ib.

Cadiz, an expedition against, under Lord Effingham and the Earl of
Essex, v. 379. Is taken and plundered, 380.

Caedwalla, the last British chief who withstood the Saxons, defeated,
i. 44.

Caen, in Normandy, is taken and plundered by Edward III., ii. 428.
Its principal citizens carried over to England, ib.
Cesar, Julius, invades Britain, i. 6.

Calais, in Normandy, is besieged by Henry III., ii. 437. The Governor
reduced to a parley, and his manly behaviour therein, 440. Edward's
rigorous terms to the inhabitants, 441. Queen Philippa's intercession
for them, 443. Its inhabitants turned out, and peopled with English,
ib. The treachery of the new governor, 444. His double treachery, ib.
Great expence of maintaining that city, 121. Is besieged by the
Duke of Burgundy, 164. The siege raised, 165. Taken by the
Duke of Guise, iv. 435.

Caledonia remains unsubdued by the Romans, i. 10. See Scotland.
Calixtus II. Pope, calls a council at Rheims, i. 336. His character of
Henry I. of England, 337.

Cambray, league of, against the Venetians, iii. 415. Peace of, between
the Emperor Charles V. and Francis I. of France, iv. 98.

Cambridge University, by whom said to be founded, i. 46. Trinity Col-
lege there, when founded, iv. 279. The Vice-Chancellor of, suspended
for the refusal of a decree to a Benedictine monk recommended by
James II., viii. 264.

Camden, a character of his History of Queen Elizabeth, vi. 195.
Campbell, Prior of the Dominicans in Scotland, accuses Patrick Ha-
milton of heresy, and insults him at the stake, iv. 214. His extraor-
dinary death, 215.

Campe, peace of, between Henry VIII. of England and Francis I. of
France, iv. 253.

Campeggio, Cardinal, is appointed, jointly with Wolsey, by Pope Cle
ment VII. to try the validity of the marriage of Henry VIII. with
Catharine of Arragon, iv. 85. His ambiguous behaviour, ib. The
trial opened, 87. His abrupt prorogation of the Court, 90. Is de-
prived of his English bishopric by Parliament, 118.

Campion, a Jesuit, executed for treasonable practices, v. 239.
Cannon, when first applied with success in sieges, iii. 139.

Canon law, commissioners appointed by Edward VI. to frame a body

of, iv. 341.

Canterbury,