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10. Charity consists not in speculative ideas of general benevolence, floating in the head, and leaving the heart, as speculations too often do, untouched and cold.

11. The squadron, if it merit that name, consisted of no more than three small vessels, having on board ninety men, mostly sailors, together with a few adventurers. The admiral steered directly for the Canary Islands, and then, holding his course due west, left the usual track of navigation, and stretched into unfrequented and unknown seas. The first day, as it was very calm, he made but little way; but on the second he lost sight of land; and many of the sailors, already dejected and dismayed, began to beat their breasts and to shed tears. Columbus comforted them with assurance of success, and the prospect of vast wealth in those opulent regions whither he was conducting them. After a voyage of four weeks, the presages of land became so numerous and promising, that, having offered up public prayers for success, he ordered the sails to be furled, and strict watch to be kept, lest the ships should be driven ashore in the night. A little after midnight the joyful sound of land, land, was heard from the mast-head; and, as soon as morning dawned, they beheld an island about two leagues to the north, whose flat and verdant fields, well stored with wood, and *watered with many rivulets, presented to them the aspect of a delightful country. As soon as the sun arose, all the boats were manned and armed, and they rowed towards the coast with their colours displayed, warlike music, and other martial pomp. Columbus was the first European who set foot in the New World which⚫ he had discovered: he landed in a rich dress, and with a naked sword in his hand. His men followed, and kneeling down, they all kissed the ground they had so long desired to see. They next erected a crucifix, and prostrating themselves before it, returned thanks to God for conducting their voyage to such a happy issue.

SECTION VIII.

COMPLEX SENTENCES.

Combine the following simple into complex sentences, making the secondary clauses adjective, relative, participial, adverbial, connective, absolute, apposition, or parenthetical, as the sense may require :

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EXAMPLE.

The wall of China is evidence of a rich nation. The wall of China is evidence of a populous nation. The wall of China is evidence of an effeminate nation. Men of courage defend themselves by the sword. Men of courage do not defend themselves by bulwarks.

The wall of China is evidence of a rich and populous nation; perform.

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5. To maintain a steady and unbroken mind, marks a great and noble spirit.

6. Compassionate affections convey satisfaction to the heart.

7. Virtue must be habitually active; not breaking forth occasionally with a transient lustre, but regular in its returns; not like the aromatic gale, but like the ordinary breeze.

8. To sensual persons hardly any thing is what it appears to be. There are voices which sing around them. There is a banquet spread. There is a couch which invites them to repose.

9. By disappointments and trials the violence of our passions is tamed. In the varieties of life, we are inured to habits both of the active and the suffering virtues.

10. An idle man is a mere blank in creation. He cannot engage himself in any employment or profession; he can succeed in no undertaking; he must be a bad husband, father, and relation; and he must be a worthless friend.

11. Veturia at first made some hesitation to undertake the office of an intercessor knowing the inflexibla sam

should therefore endeavour to turn this particular talent to our ad-
vantage. We should consider the organs of speech as the instru-
ments of understanding. We should be careful not to use the
organs of speech as the weapons of vice. We should be careful
not to use the organs of speech as the tools of folly.
6. The benevolent John Howard settled his accounts at the close
of the year. He found a balance in his favour. He proposed to
his wife to make use of it in a journey to London. He proposed
to make use of it in any other amusement she chose.
"What a
pretty cottage for a poor family it would build !" was her reply.
This charitable hint met his cordial approbation. The money was
laid out accordingly.

7. A farmer stept into a field to mend a gap in one of the fences. At his return he found the cradle turned upside down. He had left his only child asleep in the cradle. The clothes were all torn

and bloody. His dog was lying near the cradle besmeared also with blood. He immediately conceived that the dog had destroyed

his child.

He instantly dashed out the dog's brains with the hatchet in his hand. He turned up the cradle. He found his child unhurt. He found an enormous serpent lying dead on the floor. The serpent had been killed by the faithful dog. The courage and fidelity of the dog preserved the life of the child. The courage and fidelity of the dog deserved a very different return.

known seas.

The first day, as it was very calm, he made but little way; but on the second he lost sight of land; and many of the sailors, already dejected and dismayed, began to beat their breasts and to shed tears. Columbus comforted them with assurance of success, and the prospect of vast wealth in those opulent regions whither he was conducting them. After a voyage of four weeks, the presages of land became so numerous and promising, that, having offered up public prayers for success, he ordered the sails to be furled, and strict watch to be kept, lest the ships should be driven ashore in the night. A little after midnight the joyful sound of land, land, was heard from the mast-head; and, as soon as morning dawned, they beheld an island about two leagues to the north, whose flat and verdant fields, well stored with wood, and watered with many rivulets, presented to them the aspect of a delightful country. As soon as the sun arose, all the boats were manned and armed, and they rowed towards the coast with their colours displayed, warlike music, and other martial pomp. Columbus was the first European who set foot in the New World which. he had discovered: he landed in a rich dress and with a naked

SECTION IX.

AMPLIFICATION OF SENTENCES.

Amplify the following sentences by introducing secondary clauses :

EXAMPLE.

The man of true fortitude may be compared to a castle built on a rock the man of a feeble and timorous spirit, to a hut placed on the shore.

The man of true fortitude may be compared to a castle built on a rock, which defies the attack of surrounding waters: the man of a feeble and timorous spirit, to a hut placed on the shore, which every wind shakes, and every wave overflows.

EXERCISES.

1. Good or bad habits generally go with us through life. 2. Nothing in this life is more estimable than knowledge.

3. It is one of the melancholy pleasures of an old man to recollect the kindness of friends.

4. The certainty that life cannot be long, ought to awaken every man to the active prosecution of whatever he is desirous to perform.

5. To maintain a steady and unbroken mind, marks a great and noble spirit.

6. Compassionate affections convey satisfaction to the heart.

7. Virtue must be habitually active; not breaking forth occasionally with a transient lustre, but regular in its returns; not like the aromatic gale, but like the ordinary breeze.

8. To sensual persons hardly any thing is what it appears to be. There are voices which sing around them. There is a banquet spread. There is a couch which invites them to repose.

9. By disappointments and trials the violence of our passions is tamed. In the varieties of life, we are inured to habits both of the active and the suffering virtues.

10. An idle man is a mere blank in creation. He cannot engage himself in any employment or profession; he can succeed in no undertaking; he must be a bad husband, father, and relation; and he must be a worthless friend.

.

11. Veturia at first made some hesitation to undertake the office of an intercessor, knowing the inflexible temper of her son, and fearing that he would only show his disobedience in a new light. She at last, however, set out from the city, accompanied by many of the principal matrons of Rome, with Volumnia, her daughterin-law, and her two children. Coriolanus was resolved to give them a denial, and called his officers round him to be witnesses of his resolution; but when told that his mother and his wife were among the number, he instantly cam down from his tribunal. At first the tears of the women deprived them of the power of speech; and the rough soldier himself could not refrain from sharing in their distress. Coriolanus now seemed much agitated by contendHis mother seconded her words by her tears; his wife and children hung round about him; while the fair train, her companions, added their lamentations. Coriolanus for a time was silent; till at length he flew to take up his mother, crying out, "Thou hast saved Rome, but lost thy son!"

ing passions.

which inhabit foreign regions, went to a neighbouring city to see an exhibition of wild beasts. "What is the name of that lovely animal," said he to the keeper, “which you have placed near one of the ugliest beasts in your collection, as if you meant to contrast beauty with deformity ?"—" The animal which you admire," replied the keeper, "is called a tiger; and, notwithstanding the meekness of his looks, he is fierce and savage beyond description. But the other beast, which you despise, is in the highest degree docile, affectionate, and useful. For the benefit of man, he traverses the sandy deserts of Arabia, where drink and pasture are seldom to be found, and will continue several days without sustenance, yet still patient of labour. The camel, therefore (for such is the name given to this animal), is more worthy of your admiration than the tiger, notwithstanding the inelegance of his inake, and the two bunches upon his back: for mere external beauty is of little estimation; and deformity, when associated with amiable dispositions and useful qualities, should not preclude our respect and approbation."

SECTION V.

ABRIDGMENT OF COMPLEX SENTENCES (continued). Abridge the following passages by writing in each sentence the principal clause, and such secondary clauses only as the sense may require :

EXAMPLE.

Sir Philip Sidney, at the battle near Zutphen, was wounded by a musket-ball, which broke the bone of his thigh. He was carried about a mile and a half to the camp; and being faint with the loss of blood, and probably parched with thirst, through the heat of the weather, he called for drink. It was immediately brought to him: but as he was putting the vessel to his mouth, a poor wounded soldier, who happened at that instant to be carried past him, looked up to it with wistful eyes. The gallant and generous Sidney took the bottle from his mouth, and delivered it to the soldier, saying, "Thy necessity is yet greater than mine."

* In exercises like this, the Teacher may suggest whether the secondary clauses should be adjective, relative, participial, adverbial, connective, absolute, apposition, or parenthetical.

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