and many hands contributed to it. It adds 129 hymns. The whole number of hymns is now 834. We do not claim perfection for our Psalm and Hymn Book, but we do not believe that any branch of the Church has, on the whole, a better one, and we think that any one of our churches will lose by using any other book than that recommended and owned by their own General Assembly. Any alteration needed in future can be made by authority of the Assembly, and thus uniformity be introduced into all our churches.

IX.-ELOQUENCE A VIRTUE; or, Outlines of a Systematic Rhetoric. Translated from the German of Dr. FRANCIS THEREMIN. By WILLIAM G. T. SHEDD. With an introductory Essay. Revised Edition. Andover: Warren F. Draper. 1859. pp. 216.

The theory of this work, startling as it sounds at first, is, says Professor Shedd, "true in its substance. It teaches that Eloquence is moral in essence; that it has a moral origin, moral means and movement, and a moral end. It teaches, with what may seem pertinacity to some, that in its substance and its accidents, its primary laws and secondary rules, Eloquence is ethical."

"It is the position of Theremin, that Eloquence is more strictly of Virtue, than of the nature of Science, or of the nature of Fine Art. Its essential quality and properties, he contends, are more properly ethical than scientific or artistic. Neither a scientific nor an artistic talent can become the living fountain of Eloquence. Only a moral force can." "That theory will be most successful, will explain most phenomena and exert the most beneficial influence upon the student, which assumes that the practical and moral element in Eloquence is the fundamental and dominating one, and that the philosophic and æsthetic elements are subsidiary to this."

Quintilian's definition, he says, originated with the elder Cato: "The orator is an upright man, who understands speaking."

Professor Shedd, in his fine Introductory Essay, after laying down the basis of the theory as above, proceeds to show how differently this theory will act, from that which makes Eloquence merely a Fine Art. As 1. Upon the studies of the Orator. 2. In respect to the models of the Orator. He then proceeds to the general nature of Rhetoric, and particularly its position and influence in the system of liberal education.

It would be a great thing thus to elevate Rhetoric. We pause often in sadness, sometimes in bitterness, over the condition of America. We see the mass of men, while yielding unstinted homage here and there to a truly great orator, yet utterly misled by mere flash, both in Church and State. The incapacity of judging between the true and

the false in rhetoric, seems utter. The man who should fill his soul with these high theories of Theremin and Professor Shedd, and who should be led by them to the noble and thorough preparation they involve, where would be his audience? What church would choose him as their pastor, what constituency would send him to Congress? A pulpit mountebank, or a mere constructer of smooth sentences of common place, with a good presence and voice, would utterly eclipse him in the one department, and a pot house politician, with a capacity for shaking hands, would throw him over in the other. And the saddest of it is, that it grows worse instead of better. The demand for thoroughly valuable, thoroughly grounded men grows less and less, and one never sees a clear headed, ingenuous young man, thoroughly master of his profession, stainlessly honorable, of a fine taste and able to go down to first principles, whether in law or divinity, without deep pity. What is he to do? Nobody wants him. "The public," we said not long ago to one of our most valuable ministers, "are so susceptible of humbug!" "Susceptible!" said he, "they insist upon humbug, they will have it."

X. THE PASHA PAPERS. Epistles of Mohammed Pasha, Rear Admiral of the Turkish Navy, written from New York, to his friend Abel Ben Hassen. Translated into Anglo-American from the original manuscripts. New York: Charles Scribner. 1859. pp. 312.

These Papers come in very apropos of the subject of which we have just been treating. They are one of the many imitations of the Citizen of the World, and intended to hit hard our vanities, follies and wretched shams. They are moderately well done. Written in the vein of Curtis, they are not so philosop hical as his Lotus Eating, nor so caustic as the Potiphar Papers. They are amusing and useful, for they are directed precisely at those points that are most vulnerable; though how to cure evils that religion, patriotism, or what common sense and culture we have, cannot reach, we hardly know. Let satire be tried, though a French fashion has evidently a thousand times more influence than all our books.

XI.-ELEMENTS OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY; Analytical, Synthetical and Practical. By HUBBARD WINSLOW, D. D., author of Intellectual Philosophy. Third Edition. New York: Appleton & Co. 1859. pp. 480.

Dr. Winslow's is a philosophy of common sense. He looks over the ground as laid down by other philosophers in various ages and countries, and then applying his own judgment, and laying aside useless verbiage, he deduces a clear and sensible view of the whole subject.

He divides Moral Philosophy into five parts. 1. The natural motive powers. 2. The rational motive powers. 3. Moral action. 4. Principles. 5. Code of duties.

The reader will find very little to dissent from in this excellent volume. Dr. Winslow has taken pains to avoid the parade of learning, and to express himself plainly; he avoids metaphysical hair-splitting and any extended controversies. He states his principles with scientific exactness and brevity, but, as is meet, a kind and elevated religious, patriotic and social spirit appears in the whole. Our commendation of the work is very cordial. We would go more into minutiæ, with some extracts, were we not pressed for room.

XII.-MORALITY AND THE STATE. BY SIMEON NASH. Columbus, Ohio: Follett, Foster & Co. Philadelphia: Lippincott & Co. 1859. pp. 442.

This is an excellent book. Its principles are sound, and if they were believed and practised, would do great things for the country. Judge Nash says that he wrote it because his mind was full of it. It begins with the principles of moral science, which are first elaborated, and are then applied to social life and to the State. These principles are clearly stated and put upon their right basis.

The reader must not look for any remarkable originality, but it is clear and to the purpose.

XIII. THE CHRISTIAN LAW OF AMUSEMENT. By JAMES LEONARD CORNING, Pastor of Westminster Presbyterian Church, Buffalo, N. Y. Buffalo Phinney & Co. Philadelphia: For sale by Lippincott & Co. 1859. pp. 102.

In one of our Articles on Young America,* we said: "Other men may try other methods, but we will try to create a conscience concerning the health and social life of Young America." And we concluded our Article by saying: "For our part, we lay this matter upon the conscience of the Church, and upon the good sense of the American people. We have told them the evils of the present system as plainly as we could find language to do it with; and if they will not listen to us, we cannot help it."

It has greatly encouraged us to find that the ministry, and especially our own ministry, who are apt to be pioneers, are seriously taking up this matter of amusement. It seems to us that this subject, including the proper organization of society, is by far the most serious one that an American is called to consider. Nothing is so

Presbyterian Quarterly Review, No. XVI. pp. 659. 695.

ruining the health, manners, religion, wealth, government, and so preventing a true progress of the country, as its execrable obstinacy in following stupid fashions that really give pleasure to no one. Mr. Corning has felt this to the soul, and with the energy and something of the feeling of an Ezekiel, he has risked his reputation by telling the truth. He has "collected himself" to meet all manner of cant, and we gladly give him an encouraging word. We ran the same risk, and have survived it.

Mr. Corning's chapters have the minor fault of want of taste in some places. Let him remember that the glorious invectives of Juvenal are the delight of all men for their beauty and sublimity, as well as for their force :

Cum pars Niliacæ plebis, cum verna Canopi
Crispinus, Tyrias humero revocante lacernas,
Ventilet æstivum digitis sudantibus aurum,
Nec sufferre queat majoris pondere gemmæ:
Difficile est Satiram non scribere.

XIV.-DEBT AND GRACE, as related to the Doctrine of a future Life. By C. F. HUDSON. Fourth Edition. Boston: Jewett & Co. 1858. pp. 472.

There are three theories adopted by different classes who deny the eternal punishment of the finally impenitent. 1st. That all men are saved at once at death, or at the day of judgment. 2d. That after enduring a certain degree of punishment, the wicked are restored to the favor of God. Neither of these theories have much plausibility, or are likely, we think, to gain extensive favor.

The third theory is the one advocated by Mr. Hudson, and is much more interesting and plausible than the others. It is, that our first parents forfeited life, physical as well as moral; that all the human race have the same disability; that the Redeemer came to bring life and immortality to light, physically as well as morally; that, of consequence, Christians only possess life, and that the wicked perish-pass out of being, because they separated, first, from the source of life, and next, because they refused to connect themselves again with the source of life.

This book is learned and able. Mr. Hudson has carefully studied the literature of the controversy. The arguments are quiet, clear, and, in general, candid. It is, by far, the ablest book we have ever read on the subject. Of course, it does not convince us that the orthodox view is erroneous, but we cannot believe that truth will suffer by fair and candid discussion. This theory has the immense advantage of maintaining the divinity of the Saviour, the depravity of

It differs from the received one only on

man, and the atonement. the material point of the continued existence of the wicked. The book is worthy of a careful study and of a candid answer. The fact that, with all the natural feelings and sympathies of men in its favor, Universalism, in any form, makes so slow progress, is a very powerful argument against it. And we are compelled to say, though with deep sadness, that the plain sense of Scripture seems to leave no hope that a finally impenitent man can escape eternal conscious suffering. We cannot at all explain how this terrible truth consists with God's infinite benevolence; we can only say, that it appears to be taught, and that, if true, the All-Wise and All-Good has reasons of infinite validity for what He does. We bow in humble submission to a truth which passes understanding, and to the Will of a Being who cannot err and who is infinitely more kind and good than we are.

XV.-PALISSY THE POTTER; or, The Huguenot, Artist and Martyr. A true Narrative. By C. L. BRIGHTWELL. New York: Carlton & Porter. pp. 235.

Palissy is almost too well known now for eulogy. We will only advise every human being, old and young, who has not read his life, to do so. It is a romance, but a true one.

XVI.-ROBERT AND HAROLD; or, The Young Marooners on the Florida Coast. By F. R. GOULDING, of Georgia. With a Map and Illustrations. Seventh Edition. Philadelphia: W. S. & Alfred Martien. 1859. pp. 442. This is the well known Robinson Crusoe story that has excited so much interest. The reader sees that it has reached the seventh edition. To those looking round for an interesting book for their children, we recommend it very cordially.

WE REGRET to be obliged to say that thirty Notices are omitted for want of room.