and died in our stead." He then proceeds very strangely to deny that Mr. Barnes, after all, teaches the true doctrine of atonement, because his view is that the Redeemer did not suffer the exact penalty of the law, but that which divine justice accepted as an equivalent for it. When Dr. Baird comes to explain himself, it appears that he and Mr. Barnes really hold the same doctrine, although he objects to Mr. Barnes' word, equivalent. For Dr. B. admits that our Saviour did not suffer remorse or eternal punishment, but something else which satisfied the law, which is just Mr. Barnes' doctrine.

We have not space to go further into this interesting volume, with the many reflections which it excites. There is one thought which cannot escape us. Here are Drs. Hodge and Baird, both claiming to be the very orthodox, yet differing so much, that Dr. Hodge declares Dr. Baird's view to be "unscriptural, contrary to the standards of our church, and to the theology of the great body of Protestants." Dr. Baird accuses Dr. Hodge of holding views which necessarily lead to an "atheistic view of the divine justice,"-a charging of the Almighty with a false reckoning; an imputation of sin where none exists; creating a fictitious criminality, and then punishing men for it. Will they table charges against each other? Here is experimentum crucis. This Review has always maintained, and has clearly proven, that the basis of the Presbyterian Church in America, laid down in the Adopting Act of 1729, and re-established in 1758, is that diversities of doctrinal sentiment, lying within the Calvinistic system, are to be tolerated. We have shown that this was re-affirmed by the General Assembly as late as 1817, and implied in its action in 1824-5. On that basis our branch of the Presbyterian Church are united to a man. But the other branch of our Church sometimes insists that the Confession of Faith must be adopted in its ipsissima verba. What will they now do about it? Drs. Hodge and Baird are further apart than the mass of the "New School" are from the mass of the "Old School.” In other words, it is perfectly obvious that, among thinking men, the ipsissima verba theory never can be carried out. If all are honest Calvinists, their philosophical theories must be tolerated. This is On this rigid theory, the first original thinker that arises in the Church, will be a heretic, though Calvinistic as Calvin, Augustine or Paul.

common sense.

II. LECTURES ON THEOLOGY, by the late Abraham Anderson, D. D., Professor of Didactic Theology and Hebrew, in the Seminary of the Associate Presbyterian Church, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: William S. Young. pp. 768.

Dr. Anderson was a professor of theology in one of the branches of our Church, now happily merged in the United Presbyterian Church.

This union is a most auspicious one, healing one of our schisms, which seemed inveterate, and giving bright hope for the time when the comparatively slight differences between Presbyterians may be done away. These lectures are based upon Marck's Medulla. The work is not claimed, therefore, as entirely original. It contains, however, the result of the author's own investigations. The theology, of course, is severely Calvinistic; but there is a very large portion of it in which our readers would cordially agree. In a few points we should, of course, differ; there are, we confess, a very few that it seems strange to find in a Christian treatise on divinity. The great bones, however, of a true theology are here; of that theology which has been the safeguard of the world.

Mr. Young, as was fitting, has brought out the work very substantially.

III. THE WORDS OF THE LORD JESUS. By Rudolph Stier, Doctor of Theology, Chief Pastor and Superintendent of Schkeuditz. Volumes Fifth and Sixth, translated from the second revised and enlarged German edition. By the Rev. William B. Pope. New Edition. Philadelphia: Smith, English & Co. 1860. Two volumes in one. pp. 512, 518.

THE WORDS OF THE RISEN SAVIOUR, and Commentary on the Epistle of St. James. By the same. Same translator and publisher. pp. 501.

In our last number we gave a somewhat full notice of the first four volumes of this valuable work. These three have the same general characteristics. There are still two volumes—in one—to be published.

The Commentary on St. James consists of a series of lectures, thirtytwo in number; as for example:-I. Trials pure Joy, i. 1-4. II. Asking for Wisdom, i. 5-8. III. The Rejoicing of the Lowly and the Exalted, i. 9-12, &c.

To show the reader how thoroughly Stier has investigated, we will give the names of some of the theologians, philosophers, and commen. tators, whose opinions he approves or controverts; taken from our examination of the work: Luthardt, Ebrard, Von Gerlach, Schleiermacher, Rieger, Bengel, Hug, Wieseler, Lange, Sepp, Hiller, Nonnus, Lucke, Lightfoot, Witsius, Robinson, Lampe, Ullman, Muller, Grotius, Baumgarten-Crusius, Bretschneider, Hezel, Alford, Chrysostom, Hengstenberg, Witthof, Pfenninger, Bauer, Strauss, Hase, Braune, De Wette, Brucker, Semler, Henke, Dieffenbach, Schulthess, Munchmeyer, Roos, Lutz, Rothe, Neander, Hegel, Jacobi, Steinmeyer, Winer, Meyer, St. Augustine, Origen, Schweizer, Erasmus, Calvin, Beza, Luther, Scaliger, Suskind, Paulus, Keppler, Olshausen, Ambrose, Cyril, Tertullian, Martensen, Schoberlein, &c., &c. These are by no means all.

IV. NEW BIBLES.

1. The Holy Bible, containing, &c., in which all the proper Names are divided, and accented as they should be pronounced, and a copious and original Selection of References, and numerous marginal Readings are given; together with Introductions to each book, and numerous Tables and Maps. New York: Carlton & Porter. 1860. pp. Old Testament, 771; New Testament, 246.

2. The Pronouncing Bible. The Holy Bible, containing, &c., the proper Names of which, and numerous other Words, being accurately accented in the Text, and divided into Syllables, as they ought to be pronounced, according to the Orthoepy of John Walker. By Israel Alger, Jun., A. M. Philadelphia: Wm. S. Young. Pittsburgh: U. Presb. Board of Publication. 1860. pp. Old Testament, 714; New Testament, 218.

The peculiarities of the first of these editions are: The marking of the pronunciation of the proper names; a revision and alteration of the references; the preservation of the marginal readings; a short introduction prefixed to each book; a number of tables and maps, with family record. It is a large octavo, handsomely got up by Messrs. Carlton & Porter. Of course it is not a Bible without note or comment, though retaining the common version.

The second of these Bibles, published by Mr. Young, is simply the common version, without the references or marginal readings, without note or comment, but containing not only the proper names, but multitudes of other words, accented and divided into syllables, showing the pronunciation. It is also a large octavo, but a size less than that of Carlton & Porter. It is also very handsomely brought out.

1676

V. THE RECORD OF THE COURT AT UPLAND, in Pennsylvania. to 1681. And a Military Journal kept by Major E. Denny, 1781 to 1795. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., for the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 1860. pp. 498.

The Pennsylvania Historical Society have formed a publication fund which now amounts to $15,000, created by subscriptions of twenty dollars, the interest of which is devoted to the bringing out of rare works, which throw light upon the history of the State. The present is the third volume thus published. We cannot refrain from mentioning the extreme beauty of this book. The typography, paper,

-the entire finish of it—are admirable.

The Record of Upland, preceded by an introduction by that excellent antiquarian, Edward Armstrong, Esq., contains the original minutes. of the Court, from the establishment of the English authority in Pennsylvania to the beginning of the proprietary government. The justices were mainly Swedes. The original is in possession of Dr. J. Dickinson Logan, of Philadelphia. The Record makes 166 pages, and is very curious, and well worthy of preservation. The reader will

notice that it is the English Court before William Penn. It was held principally at Upland, (Chester,) but for a year or two at Kingsessing.

Dr. Denny had written an interesting sketch of his father's life. Major Denny was at Cornwallis' surrender, and was subsequently aidde-camp of Generals Harmar and St. Clair. He bore the despatches of St. Clair's defeat to General Washington. He kept a journal of his military life, which is here published. It is included in 172 pages, and is followed by appendices containing General Harmar's correspondence, a vocabulary of Delaware and Shawnee words, and notes by Dr. Denny. There is much interesting information touching early times. The whole volume is very creditable to the Historical Society, and shows excellent judgment in the selection of materials for publication.

VI. NARRATIVE OF THE EARL OF ELGIN'S MISSION TO CHINA AND JAPAN, in the years 1857, 1858, 1859. By Laurence Oliphant, Esq., Private Secretary to Lord Elgin. Author of the "Russian Shores of the Black Sea," &c. New York: Harper & Brothers. Philadelphia: for sale by Lippincott & Co.

1860. pp. 645.

This is a full and minute description of the English warring and diplomacy in China and Japan. There are many points of interest in it, but on the whole, it is not so well done as it might be. Very many mere details, of no interest to the reader, might have been omitted, and the space much better occupied with characteristics of the country.

There is, however, a considerable amount of new information in relation to Japan, and Mr. Oliphant's statements confirm those of other travellers, concerning that singular and interesting people. He speaks of their comparative elegance, as compared with the Chinese; their good humor and somewhat dilletante character; while he does not fail to notice the strange contrast of their virtues and vices. The reader, notwithstanding the faults we mentioned, will find so much that is valuable, that it will repay him for the perusal of a work not hard to read.

VII. THE STARS AND THE ANGELS. Philadelphia: W. S. & A. Martien. . 1860. pp. 358.

We have no idea whatever as to the author of this book. We find it generally well spoken of by the press. Some notices even represent it as very interesting and valuable.

We like the principle of the Preface very much: that theologians. are quite too much concerned about scientific discoveries, or alleged discoveries, and that it is a pernicious mistake to suppose that the Almighty is more immediately occupied in working a miracle than in carrying on the laws of nature.

We cannot, however, go much further in commendation. A more fanciful and uncertain book we never saw. Some of the author's opinions, or notions, or fancies, are: that human nature is the highest type in creation; that the angels have bodies; that the devils have no bodies, having lost them when they sinned; that the saints receive a sort of body when they die, before the resurrection; that the devils wanted to get into the swine because they love bodies, and have none; that there is a good deal in phreno-mesmerism; that the sin for which the angels fell, was unlawful physical connection with the daughters of men; that Noah is called a "perfect man," because he had none of this demon blood in him; that as to the works of the six days of creation, each one symbolizes something in the Apocalypse, the first day's work the revelation of the Gospel, the second the institution of the invisible Church in the call of Abraham, &c.; that the ten commandments arranged in a triangle, come out correspondingly to the petitions in the Lord's prayer; that our Lord was crucified on Thursday, and not on Friday; that the spiritual body possesses flesh and bones, &c., &c., &c. This whole style of thought lacks substance and sobriety, and we should think it much more calculated to expose Christianity to ridicule and skepticism, than to defend it from infidel attack.

VIII. RECENT ISSUES OF THE PRESBYTERIAN PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.

1. Martyrs of the Mutiny; or Trials and Triumphs of Christians in the Sepoy Rebellion in India. With an Introduction by the Rev. John Jenkins, D. D. 1860. pp. 234.

2. The Presbyterian System: its Reasonableness and Excellency. By the Rev. Edwin F. Hatfield, D. D., Pastor of the North Presbyterian Church, New York. pp. 36.

3. Blank Certificate of Dismission.

4. Blank Report of Church Session to Presbytery.

The first of these works is an interesting account of the Christians, European, American, and native, who were martyred during the Sepoy mutiny. It is extracted from the most authentic sources. While it will fix the attention of any Christian who may take it up, it will be an especially attractive book for Sabbath-school libraries. Dr. Jenkins, who is thoroughly acquainted with India, from personal residence, cordially commends it. Enough has not been made of the great fact, that in India and Madagascar native converts have stood by their religion unto the death. It is the crowning testimony to the missionary work.

tem.

Dr. Hatfield has written an excellent tract on our Presbyterian sysAs a pastor for many years, and Stated Clerk of the General VOL. VIII.-44