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Notes.

WAS OLIVER CROMWELL, AFTERWARDS PROTECTOR, IN LONDON OR AT PADUA FROM 1617 TO 1620 ?

Mr. Carlyle calls it an "universal very credible tradition," a statement which "we cannot but believe," that, "soon after" his father's death, Cromwell came up to town, as the eldest sons of squires come now, to scrape an acquaintance with law in some counsel's chambers.

Mr. Noble says he "was entered at Lincoln's Inn," but there is no record of his admission at any society established for the study of the law; and yet there are notes of his son Richard's admission at Lincoln's Inn (May 27, 1647), and of his son Henry's admission at Gray's Inn (Feb. 22, 1653). They, however, entered when he was a man of mark.

Now, in Papadopoli's History of the University of Padua, we read as follows:

"Oliver Cromwell, Despot (nominally Protector) of Britain. I do not know whether he was to be a disgrace or a credit to our University, but we cannot deny that he was a student there, for not only does a list of English [students] which is still in existence in the hands of an English traveller reckon him among their Consiliarii*

These were a body established after the foundation of the University [James Facciolati, Fasti Gymnasii Patavini, pt. i. p. i. (Padua, 1757)], and were most likely

in the year 1618, but his arms painted up in the piazzas of the University bear witness to his having been there. He was born poor, and as a young man made himself poorer by vice and extravagance, and by the length of time for which he travelled: part of the time he gave to Padua, where he studied literature for at least two years. Thence he returned to Britain the year that Charles succeeded James."

"Oliverius Cromuel Britanniæ sub nomine tituloque patroni tyrannus, haud scio dedecorine an gloriæ futurus sit gymnasio nostro, cujus illum alumnum inficias ire non possumus, cum et Anglorum catalogus qui extat etiamnunc,† illum suis annunceret Consiliariis an. mdcxviij, idipsumque insignia ambulariis gymnasticis appicta testentur. t Natalem inopiam adolescens auxit lascivia et luxu, ac diuturnis peregrinationibus, quarum partem Patavio dedit, biennio saltem bonis hic artibus addictus. Hinc in Britanniam regressus eo anno, quo Jacobo mortuo Carolus Rex suffectus est."-Historia Gymnasii Patavini, fol. Venice, 1726, book i. ("De claris alumnis artium in Gymn. Pat.") c. 50, § 241, under the year 1658.

Mr. (afterwards Sir James) Burrow, of the Inner Temple, F.R.S. and F.A.S., in A few Anecdotes and Observations relating to Oliver Cromwell and his Family (1763, and seemingly reprinted 1764), criticises this. He shows that Papadopoli knew little about Cromwell, and (from the register of St. John's, Huntingdon) that children were born to him there in 1621, 1624, 1626, 1627-indeed, he was married Aug. 22, 1620. He does not account for him from 1617 to 1620: he owns that he cannot prove he was in London, and that a Cromwell bearing the Christian name and arms of ours was (as Papadopoli says) at Padua; and he surmises that this was either old Sir Oliver! or an hypothetical son of his, who, had he ever been born, might have been called after him.

Cromwell left Sidney, Sussex, prematurely. Why should he not have been at Padua between his departure from Cambridge and his marriage settlement in England? He might well have read law before or after his tour. Would he have read law for nearly three years, without entering

some Inn?

Papadopoli may be wrong as to his loose life and luxuriousness; and he is mistaken about the time of his return, and his death. Why should he be wrong on a point as to which he would be well informed?

Of course, Englishmen could not so easily stay,

chosen to be Advisers. In 1638, seats at the celebrations

the leading students of each Nation, and therefore well

next the Professor's, and adorned, were assigned to them at their request (pt. ii, p. 46). In 1710 they were put on the same footing, as to Salutations, with the Syndics; and even claimed precedence over the Professors (pt. 3, p. 242). It was no part of Facciolati's plan to mention students, and he does not specifically refer to Cromwell.

† Apud Viatorem Natio. Anglica.

Salom. in Collect. Inscrip. recent. Gymn.-not James Salomon's Agri Patavini Inscriptiones Sacræ et Prophane (1696). I have not the Life of Cromwell, by Paolus, to which Papadopoli refers.

or even travel, in Italy, about 1620, as they could when Milton was there still there were English students at Padua, of whom there was a list.

It is true, also, that we know nothing else of his travels; but what do we really know of his London life? RICARDUS FREDERICI.

MR. HALLIWELL'S EDITION OF MAUNDEVILE.

In reading these travels lately, the following extraordinary passage took my attention:

"And alle aboute that Hille, ben Dyches grete and depe and beside hem, ben grete Vyneres, on that o part and on that other. And there is a fulle fair Brigge to pass over the Dyches. And in theise Vyneres, ben so many wylde Gees and Gandres and wylde Dokes and Swannes and Heirouns, that it is with outen nombre."p. 216.

Read vyveres. Geese, ducks, swans, and herons are not usually kept in vineries. Vyvere is our "Vivary. A place for keeping living animals, as a pond, a park, a warren," &c. (Ogilvie). It is the French viver and vivier, the Latin vivarium (vivus), a park, warren, preserve, fish-pool." The word is actually found on p. 174 of this same edition of Maundevile: :

"And before the Mynstre of this Ydole, is a Vyvere, in maner of a grete Lake, fulle of Watre."

"MARK NOBLE."

Mr. Halliwell was not, it is true, responsible for the text, which was reprinted from the edition of 1725, before the work was placed in his hands. He could, however, have mentioned the error in a note at the end, as in other instances.

One of these notes also seems to contain a remarkable misapprehension. In the Prologue (p. 1) there appears the following passage:

"In the whiche Lond it lykede him to take Flesche and Blood of the Virgyne Marie, to envyrone that holy Lond with his blessede Feet."

Mr. Halliwell has this note

honoure, which must evidently be the proper reading.”

"P. 1, 1. 9. Envyrone. The above-mentioned MS. has

Now the MS. in question is one which gives an erroneous and unique reading only six lines previously, and is likewise particularised by Mr. Halliwell as having two unique readings, one being Alfeigh for Slesie; i. e. Silesia, and the other