Queries with Answers.

CROMWELL AND MORLAND. Can any correspondent of "N. & Q.," who is well read in the literature and history of the Commonwealth, inform me who is M. Guizot's authority for the following charge which he brings against Cromwell in his life of the Protector, and which I for the present take the liberty of regarding as an atrocious libel? At p. 433 of the English translation of M. Guizot's book (ed. 1860), I find the following passage:

"Cromwell was ever ready to form sudden suspicions, and

to take extreme precautions: one night he went to confer secretly with Thurloe on a matter of great importance, and all at once he perceived Thurloe's clerk, Samuel Morland, sleeping on a desk in a corner of the room; fearing that he might have overheard them, Cromwell drew a dagger, and was about to despatch him, if Thurloe had not, with great entreaties, prevailed on him to desist, assuring him Morland had sat up two nights together, and was certainly fast asleep."

As I have for long been accustomed to regard Oliver Cromwell as one of the greatest of rulers and best of men, I have been considerably startled by this terrible accusation. One is of course tolerably accustomed to the charges of "hypocrisy,' ," "cruelties in Ireland," "regicide," "selfseeking ambition," &c. &c., under which the memory of the great Protector lay buried, until the light of Mr. Carlyle's genius put to flight the whole flock of Royalist night-birds for ever. These tales are still, I believe, popular in the nursery, where children are taught to weep over the fate of the "martyr-king," but it is a new idea to me that Cromwell ever figured as a midnight stabber of sleeping men! JONATHAN BOUCHIER.

[M. Guizot's authority for his statement is no other than James Welwood, M.D., who was no "royalist nightbird," but "an author," says the Earl of Chatham, "strongly attached to republican principles." It was in the beginning of the year 1657, that Thurloe, Cromwell, and Sir Richard Willis, formed a design of ruining King Charles II. at one blow, by sending over messengers with plausible letters, to invite him to come over in a single ship, with only his brother and a few more, to a certain port in Sussex upon an appointed day, where they were promised to be received and supported by 500 foot at their landing, and 2000 horse within one day after. Here is Welwood's account of the conspiracy: "The Protector coming late at night to Thurloe's office, and beginning to give him directions about something of great importance and secresy, he took notice that Mr. Morland was in the room, which he had not observed before; and fearing that he might have overheard their discourse, though he pretended to be asleep upon his desk, he drew a poniard, which he always carried under his coat, and was going to dispatch Morland upon the spot, if Thurloe had not with great entreaties prevailed with him to desist, assuring

him that Morland had sat up two nights together, and was now certainly fast asleep." (Welwood's Memoirs, edit. 1700, p. 11, edit. 1820, p. 98.) Consult also for other narratives of this plot, Eachard's History of England, edit. 1720, p. 728; Birch's Life of John Thurloe, Esq. prefixed to Thurloe's State Papers, p. xv.; Biographia Britannica, ed. 1763-6, Supplement, p. 237; and Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary, xxii 416.]

SIR WILLIAM HAMILTON.-Sir William wrote a biography, or a criticism or comment on some biography of Luther. The question to which an answer is desired is, in what form does Sir William's work exist? that is, as a separate book, or as an article in some periodical publication? and if the former, by whom published and at what date? and if the latter, in what publication, and in what

number thereof?

Sir William also published (I think) a bulky pamphlet on the Free Kirk question. Of this the date of the publication, and the name of the publisher are desired to be known. I. H. C.

[Sir William Hamilton's remarks on the heterodox opinions of Luther appeared in an article on “The Admission of Dissenters to the English Universities," printed in the Edinburgh Review of Oct. 1834 (vol. lx. pp. 202-230). This article is reprinted, with additions, in Sir William Hamilton's Discussions of Philosophy and Literature, Education and University Reform, second edition, Lond 1853, 8vo, pp. 479-559. Sir William's remarks on the Free Kirk question may be found in his pamphlet entitled "Be not Schismatics, Be not Martyrs by Mistake. A Demonstration that the Principle of Non-Intrusion, so far from being Fundamental in the Church of Scotland, is subversive of the Fundamental Principles of that and every other Presbyterian Church Establishment." Edinb. Maclachlan & Co. 1843, 8vo.]

AGGAS'S MAP OF LONDON, 1560.-In Mr. Bohn's excellent edition of Lowndes, it is stated that there is a copy of this very rare map in the Sloane Collection in the British Museum. I have a reduced copy of it, "done from a print engraven on wood in Sr Hans Sloane's Collection, and copyed in small, 1738." Did Sir Hans Sloane's collection of prints and maps form part of the original collection of the British Museum, and can you give me a reference to the old woodcut map?

J. O. HALLIWELL.

[It is doubtful whether Aggas's Map of London, 1560, is in the Sloane Collection at the British Museum. At any rate it has never been seen either by the Keeper of the Maps, or by the gentlemen connected with Manuscript and Print departments. We believe the only copy of the original map is in the possession of Mr. John Crace, No. 14, Wigmore Street, London, W., who would no doubt gladly favour our correspondent with a view of it. Sir Hans Sloane's library was removed to Montague House during the years 1756-7, together with the Harleian and Cottonian Collections.]

"ROCK OF AGES."-A few years ago was published a volume of Latin versions of hymns, among which was (it was stated in a review of the book) a version of "Rock of Ages," by Mr. Gladstone. I should be exceedingly obliged if you could give me the title of this book or the publisher's name, as I have inquired of several booksellers and can get no information respecting it. T. S. [The work was published in 1861 by B. Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly, and entitled Translations by Lord Lyttelton and the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone. The hymn will be found at p. 143. See "N. & Q." 2nd S. xi. 319.]

LOLLARD AND OTHER MARTYRS.-Where can I find anything like a complete list of these martyrs for religion in England?

Δ.

I agree with MR. HAMST in thinking that the career of Sir Richard Phillips might be made the groundwork of a very interesting biography. But

who shall write it? One cannot but wish that

some account of the life of the enterprising author and publisher had been written by himself. In Holland and Everett's Memoirs of Montgomery, vol. iv. p. 283, occurs a notice of his introduction to the "Christian Poet" when he visited Sheffield during his "tour" in 1828. On that occasion I saw a good deal of him, and heard him relate many anecdotes illustrative of those "tricks of trade" which are now so inseparably connected with his name. He certainly was a fine specimen of a very able feeder, and of an inordinate snufftaker, having his waistcoat pocket constantly replenished with the "titillating dust." As an entirely self-made man, as the conductor of an

instructive magazine, and especially as the originator and publisher of so many elementary books for the young, he ought not to be forgotten. J. H.

The "Rev. C. C. Clarke" was editor of a work dedicated to the Royal Society, under date Sept. 1828, and consisting entirely of selections from the Philosophical Transactions, pp. xx.-700. The copy I have is marked "Second Edition, printed for Whittaker, Treacher, & Co., Ave Maria Lane," but the type shows that it is only a reissue with a new title-page. The title is The Treasury of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, but it does not follow that that was the original title. The preface ends with the following words, which are pretty strong evidence of identity between the Rev. C. C. Clarke and Sir Richard Phillips: "The Editor has prepared 500 questions for the use of schools, on its contents." JOB J. BARDWELL WORKARD, M.A.

An account of Sir R. Phillips's discovery of an early panel portrait of Chaucer, in a lumber-room of Cromwell's House, Huntingdon, 1802, will be found in Elmes' Arts and Artists, iii. 70. It is there stated that Sir Richard made this picture the basis of his gallery of original portraits of English poets and men of letters. Where is this portrait now? CUTHBERT BEDE.

To me, who well knew the late William Mavor, LL.D., it is not a little amusing to find the name of "Mavor, Wm," mentioned as a possible pseudonym of Sir Richard Phillips.

Scotch descent, having Anglicised his name from William Mavor was no myth. He was of M'Ivor. He held the honorary distinction of domestic chaplain to the Earl of Moira; had been vicar of Harley, Berkshire, and rector of Honesfield, Oxfordshire, and when I knew him, was rector of Bladon-cum-Woodstock, Oxfordshire, as well as master of the Woodstock Grammar School. He was many times mayor, and for seven years was alderman and magistrate of that borough, as well as a county magistrate.

On retiring from the county bench, he was much pressed to continue his services to the county, but his reply was, "I have been head gamekeeper to the Duke of Marlborough long enough." From that we gather his ideas of what was a chief part of a country justice's work thirty years ago, before the presence of reporters in justice rooms, and newspaper leaders, had modified the severity of laws still sufficiently severe.

I have on the table whereon I write a book entitled

"General View of the Agriculture of Berkshire. By William Mavor, LL.D. London: printed for Richard Phillips, 1809."

So that Phillips was probably Mavor's pub

lisher; and he undoubtedly produced so many elementary and educational works, that the mural tablet on the outer wall of Woodstock church informs us truly that by these "he, being dead, yet speaketh."

I have in my possession a scurrilous election squib of 1816, in which Mavor's talent is said to consist"in puzzling things naturally plain."

He was living in 1837, as his name appears in a printed poll-book of a contested Oxfordshire election of that date, but he must have died soon after.* WILLIAM WING.

Steeple Aston, Oxford.

It may interest MR. HAMST to know that Mavor's Spelling-book was really written by the Rev. William Mavor, rector of Woodstock in Oxfordshire, some thirty years ago.

MR. WING should know that his neighbour Sir Gregory Page Turner, of Ambrosden, near Bicester, in the same county, is the representative of Sir Gregory Page, M.P. J. WILKINS, B.C.L.

JUNIUS: SIR P. FRANCIS.

(3rd S. xii. 457, 471.)

There seems to be little doubt that the question so warmly discussed fifty years since, when Mason Good's edition of Junius was published-Who was Junius?-will be reopened by the appearance of Messrs. Parkes and Merivale's Life of Sir P. Francis.

I for one shall not object to it, for the question is a question both of great literary and great historical interest. But if it is to be discussed, at least in "N. & Q.," I warn you, Mr. Editor, that a heavy responsibility will rest upon you if you do not keep a sharp eye upon the disputants, and insist upon their quoting edition, page, and volume of their respective authorities; and not admit those random assertions, Junius wrote so and so, when perhaps the words are only in a letter or pamphlet which Good or Parkes has without the slightest authority attributed to Junius, or that George III. knew Junius, as DR. WILKINS asserted, who, in reply to your challenge, says Sir David Brewster has stated so in the North British Review. As to what was Sir David's authority he gives not one word. There are two points in reference to the Francis-Junius theory on which, if any of your readers can give me any such precise information as I am contending for, with chapter and verse, I should be greatly obliged;

[The Rev. William Mavor, LL.D., died on Dec. 29, 1837, in the eightieth year of his age. The inscription on his tablet fixed on the west front, near the porch of the church at Woodstock, is printed in the Gentleman's Magazine for Sept. 1841, p. 252.-ED.]

but I want, as I have said, precise information, and for that only shall I feel grateful.

1. I have heard it asserted that Francis owed his Indian appointment to George III. Is there any evidence of this? Mr. Parkes does not seem to be aware of it.

2. I have seen it stated in print that Sir Philip Francis, when offered a peerage, declined it because his eldest son was born out of wedlock. Where is this statement to be found? I cannot find it in any of the books to which I have reference at the present moment, and it is entirely at variance with the account of his early marriage given by ČAUTUS.

Mr. Parkes.

"Sir Philip Francis might, too, Du Bois said, have had a peerage from Lord Grenville, but Francis did not wish it, as his eldest son was born out of wedlock; so Sir Philip was made a Knight of the Bath." From Du Bois' long connection with Francis this story has gained credence which it appears not to have deserved, for Mr. Parkes shows that Francis was married at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields on February 27, 1762; while his only son Philip (his fourth child) was not born till 1768. ]

MR. WILKINS'S communication, referring as it does to something which I wrote, I believe, more than a year ago, comes upon one like a tune from the frozen horn in Baron Munchausen.

66

Like Rip van Winkle, MR. WILKINS descends among us with his thoughts and feelings of the past fresh upon him, totally unconscious of all that has been going on during his protracted absence. Even his little vendetta with me about my curtness"- quite an hallucination, by the bye-crops up in his first sentence, as if it were carried over from only last week. The lapse of time has not removed one, at least, of MR. WILKINS'S failings. He is still, unfortunately, too ready to accept inferences and rumours for facts; and even those he deals with in a very loose way. Surprised at the allegation that "Charles Butler, in his Reminiscences, states that government spies tracked the messenger employed by Junius, and found him to be Isaac Reed, the editor of Shakespeare, who then resided in Staples Inn," I turned to the volume, and found nothing to support the statement. The only passage in the text bearing upon the point is the following:

"It was also mentioned to us,* from very good authority, that Lord North had declared that government had traced the porterage of the letters to an obscure person in Staples Inn; but could never trace them further." To this passage a note is appended in these words:

* Butler and Wilks.

"This expression (sic) has been confirmed to the Reminiscent within these few weeks by a person present when it was spoken; with the additional circumstance that a gentleman in Staples Inn, to whom it referred, was afterwards said to be the celebrated Isaac Reed, famed for his literary acquaintance among all ranks of persons." Thus it appears that, instead of Mr. Butler being the authority for the alleged fact, he knew nothing about it except what a "person" told him. This leaves the matter just where it was. Having pen in hand, I may, perhaps, be permitted to notice ST. SWITHIN'S objection to the pronunciation of sovereign. We have no law for pronunciation but custom; and in this matter, at least, are warranted in saying that "whatever is, is right." If we were always to give the sound of o to the fourth vowel, English would become an unknown tongue to Englishmen. The next generation, if their ears were educated to the sound, might be able to understand each other; but we, now living, could not hope to do so. It is worthy of notice that, in the very communication in which ST. SWITHIN objects to the u sound of the o in one word, he, unconsciously, uses five words in which the vowel has that sound namely, somewhat, other, word, thoroughly, and London; though he actually seems to think that, in the last word, the vowel has the sound of o in on.

Think of any one saying London! Apropos of the notion of pronouncing words "as they are spelt"-I use the phrase for want of a better. As a relative of mine was passing along Holborn, some years ago, he was accosted by a young Scotsman, who asked him to be good enough to direct him the way to the "Tha-mes." The first syllable he pronounced as the same letters are sounded in Thane, and the last syllable as the last syllable in Hercules. My relative assured him that there was no place of that name in London. Whereupon the young man produced a map of London, and pointed to the word "Thames inscribed upon the sinuous course of our river.

THE NAME "HUDIBRAS."

(3rd S. xii. 368.)

C. Ross.

The early King of Britain, whom Milton calls "Rudhuddibras or Hudibras," is stated in the fabulous history to be the father of Bladud, the inventor of the hot springs at Bath, and the grandfather of the far more famed King Lear. Thus there can be obtained a far better notion of this imaginary monarch in connecting him with his grandson Lear, than in mentioning that he is said to have built certain cities; "but this " (says Milton) "by others is contradicted."

I remember in my early days feeling not a little surprise at finding in Spenser's "chronicle

"Next Huddibras his realm did not encrease,

But taught the land from wearie wars to cease;" (B. ii. canto x. st. xxv.) but this was when I did not know the Welsh

language and its old chronicles, and was still unacquainted with the veracious details given by Geoffry of Monmouth. In Geoffry's History (ii. §9) Hudibras and his twenty-nine years' reign are mentioned; but in the Welsh copies (whether taken from Geoffry or vice versa, but still I believe originating in the same age) his name is not Hudibras, but in the shorter copy "Run baladr bras," and in the longer "Run paladyr vras" (see Myvyrian Archaiology, reprint, PP. 441, 485*), meaning Run of the powerful spear. I do not know how this name was made into Hudibras or vice versa, but so the names stand in the Latin and Welsh copies. From Run (which is the whole name given him in Welsh) is formed, I suppose, the first syllable of Rudhuddibras in Milton. At his founding of Shaftes bury, Geoffry says:

"Ibi tunc aquila locuta est, dum murus ædificaretur; cujus sermones si veros esse arbitrarer sicut cetera, memoriæ tradere non diffugerem.”

Most would, I suppose, be quite as willing to believe the eagle as to credit Geoffry. I do not know if the utterance of the eagle is extant in Latin, but it is so in Welsh; and in the Myvyrian Archaiology (reprint, p. 561) it is given from a сору in the British Museum.

I have sometimes thought whether this piece of rhodomontade suggested Hudibras as the name for a vainglorious boaster; but I want further information.

When or where is the name Rudhuddibras first found? LÆLIUS.

Spenser, in b. ii. canto x. following Robert of Gloucester, gives

"A chronicle of Briton Kings
From Brute to Uther's rayne;"

and at stanza xxv., after mentioning the second Brute, called by him and Drayton Greenshield, continues:

"His son King Lud, by father's labour, long
Enjoyed an heritage of lasting peace,

And built Cairleill, and built Cairleon strong.
Next Huddibras his realm did not increase,
But taught the land from wearie wars to cease."

Milton appears to have followed Spenser. But the author of the Faerie Queen has introduced another Hudibras, bk. ii. canto ii. st. xvii. :

* I quote the Denbigh reprint (now in course of publication in parts), as I have now no access to the original edition. The altered arrangement of the text of these chronicles is confusing to those familiar at any time with the form in which they were first printed.

"He that made love unto the eldest dame Was hight Sir Huddibras, an hardy man ; Yet not so good of deedes as great of name. Stern melancholy did his courage pas, And was, for terrour more, all arm'd in shyning brass." Did Butler select this worthy to give a name to his hero?* Webster's Dictionary, in the "Vocabulary of Names of Fiction," says that he (Butler) is supposed to have borrowed the name from one of the Knights of the Round Table.

I would close this note with a query: Was Spenser the writer of the verses that head each canto? Are they prefixed to the editions published in his lifetime? That of 1612 has them, as I have a copy of that. J. A. G.

DR. BLOW.

(3rd S. xii. 433.)

The story which X. L. D. has heard of Dr. Blow is merely a variation of an oft-repeated tale concerning the famous Dr. John Bull, which is related by Antony à Wood (Fasti Oxonienses, i. 235, edit. Bliss) in these terms:

"Dr. Bull," says he, "hearing of a famous musician belonging to a certain cathedral (at St. Omer's, as I have heard), he applied himself as a novice to him to learn something of his faculty, and to see and admire his works. This musician, after some discourse had passed between them, conducted Bull to a vestry, or music school joyning to the cathedral, and shew'd to him a lesson or song of forty parts, and then made a vaunting challenge to any person in the world to add one more part to them, supposing it to be so compleat and full, that it was impossible for any mortal man to correct or add to it. Bull thereupon desiring the use of ink and rul'd paper (such as we call musical paper), prayed the musician to lock him up in the said school for 2 or 3 hours; which being done, not without great disdain by the musician, Bull, in that time or less, added forty more parts to the said lesson The musician thereupon being called in, he viewed it, tried it, and retry'd it. At length he burst out into a great ecstacy, and swore by the great God that he that added those 40 parts must either be the Devil or Dr. Bull, &c. Whereupon Bull making himself known, the musician fell down and ador'd him.'

or song.

Dr. Blow's reputation, like Bull's, appears to have extended to the Continent in his lifetime. Amongst the commendatory verses prefixed to the collection of Blow's songs, &c., published by him in 1700, under the title of Amphion Anglicus, is "A Pindaric Ode on Dr. Blow's Excellency in the Art of Music," by Mr. Herbert, in which we are told that

"His Gloria Patri long ago reach'd Rome,

Sung, and admir'd too, in St. Peter's Dome; A Canon-shall outlive Her Jubilees to come.'

This Gloria Patri, it may be assumed, is the canon which terminates the Jubilate of Blow's Service in G, and is engraven on his monument in Westminster Abbey. W. H. HUSK.

[* See "N. & Q." 3rd S. xii. 368.]

Your number of Nov. 30 contained two distinct anecdotes in which the devil did duty, if ever he performs a duty in this way. "You are Dr. Blow or the devil" was one; "You are Vandyke or the devil" was the other; and we may add Sir Thomas More, who overhearing, on coming into the house, the eloquent voice of a newly arrived stranger, exclaimed-"Aut Erasmus, aut Diabolus." To increase doubt and not establish faith or certainty seems to be more especially the devil's line of business in general. C. A. W.

May Fair.

phion Anglicus, which was published in 1700, seem The following lines prefixed to Dr. Blow's Am

to show that his name was well known on the Continent previous to that date:

"His 'Gloria Patri' long ago reached Rome,

Sung, and revered too, in St. Peter's dome." Probably his fame as an imitator is connected

with the following story :-The king (Charles II.) much admired the duet "Dite o cieli," by Carissimo, and asked Blow if he could imitate it: in compliance with which request, be composed in the same measure and key the song, "Go, perHe is said to have composed anjured man." thems when only a chapel boy. R. F. W. S.

The story that X. L. D. refers to Dr. John Blow belongs rather to Dr. John Bull. It is told by Anthony à Wood. Dr. Bull, while travelling abroad, heard of a famous musician at St. Omer, and applied to him as a novice to see and admire his works. The musician showed him a piece of music in forty parts, and challenged anyone in the world to add one more part to it. Dr. Bull begged for pen, ink, and paper, and to be locked up for two or three hours; at the end of which time, he had added forty more parts. The musician thereupon, being called in, "burst out into a great ecstacy," and declared that "he that added those forty parts must either be the Devil or Dr. Bull." Sir John Hawkins copies this story from Wood, and remarks upon the exclamation: that of Sir Thomas More: Aut tu es Erasmus, "Perhaps it was suggested by the recollection of aut Diabolus.' " WM. CHAPPELL.

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WHITE'S "BEAUTIES OF HAGLEY," ETC. (3rd S. xii. 410.) It appears that the Mr. White here mentioned published two works; the one entitled The Beauties of Hagley and the Leasowes, 12mo, 1777; and the other-

"Letters on the Beauties of Hagley, Envil, and the Leasowes, with Critical Remarks: and Observations on the Modern Taste in Gardening. By Joseph Heely, Esq. In Two Vols. Lond. 12mo, 1777."

I possess a copy of a small book, apparently of that date (pp. 142), entitled