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settled in London, and with Opie, afterwards a celebrated portrait-painter, practised the pictorial art, abandoning physic, and turning his whole thoughts and attention to satirical odes, from which he acquired the sobriquet of "Peter Pindar." "Rev." is a gratuitous title given him in the Catalogue of National Portraits at Kensington, 1867. This is the simple history of " Peter Pindar," which I can vouch for from my own knowledge of Dr. Wolcot when he resided at Somers Town in the years 1817, 1818. My brother during those years was accustomed, after official hours in Downing Street, where he held a good appointment, to spend his evenings with the Doctor, to cheer him in his blindness. He heard from himself his career in life, and therefore must be accurate as to its facts. His statement is that which I have briefly given to set your correspondents right where they differ. Not to take up your space, I shall only add one fact which has been omitted in your columns, viz., that the M.D. was not merely a satirical English poet, but a Latin scholar. I have somewhere among my literary papers an epigram in the style of Martial, an impromptu of Peter Pindar" on my brother presenting him with a hare, lepus, which he repaid, then and there, with lepos, a witty pleasantry. QUEEN'S GARDENS.

CONSECRATION OF A CHURCH BY AN ARCHDEACON (3rd S. xii. 24.) If it be a fact that Woodham-Walter church was consecrated by an archdeacon, the ceremony was a violation of the ancient canons which forbid any under the rank of a bishop to consecrate a church. Bingham (book viii. chap. ix. 3) says:—

"The office of consecration by some ancient canons is so specially reserved to the office of bishops, that presbyters are not allowed to perform it. The first Council of Bracara, anno 563, makes it deprivation for any presbyter to consecrate an altar or a church, and says the canons of old forbad it likewise."

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H. P. D. DRAWINGS (3rd S. xii. 24.) The best material "to lay down drawing-paper for water-colour drawings on another paper" is a solution of dextrin, or, as it is sometimes called, British gum, which is made by the torrefaction of starch. It is this material which is employed to form the adhesive layer at the back of postage and receipt stamps. Ordinary paste made with wheat flour has always an acid reaction, and with but little damp undergoes decomposition, producing spots and discoloration of delicate pigments from which dextrin is

free.

SEPTIMUS PIESSE, PH.D.

THE KNAVE OF CLUBS (3rd S. xii. 24.)—With regard to the knave of clubs as a card of ill-omen, like the nine of diamonds, it may be that some light can be thrown upon it by the verse of an

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"To win quite unable,

So he shifted the knave of clubs under the table."

And "faith (as Ophelia says) I will make an end on't "

"Great Mar, in a passion, four shillings threw down, But it wanted another to make up the crown!" BUSHEY HEATH.

“LEO PUGNAT CUM DRACONE" (3rd S. xii. 45.)— This is in allusion to Apocalypse, v. 5—“ Behold the lion of the tribe of Juda, the root of David hath prevailed," &c. The standard of the tribe of Juda was a lion: the prophetic blessing of Jacob to his son Juda was- "Juda is a lion's whelp: to the prey my son thou art gone up." (Genesis xlix. 9.) Christ was of the tribe of Juda, and is compared to a lion, because he fought against the devil, death, and sin, and overcame by his sacred passion and death; and as the devil is so often symbolised by a dragon, the lion fighting with the dragon the devil. was an appropriate emblem of Christ overcoming F. C. H.

See Rev. v. 5 and xii. 7-9, with Cornelius à Lapide on these passages. This commentator gives nine reasons, more or less cogent, for Christ's being called a lion, and also shows why the devil is called "draco." He refers to, and appears to endorse, the opinion that in the second passage "Michael" is Christ. The motto sounds like a line from a hymn; the medieval hymns frequently contain the same idea, which is no doubt founded on the many Scripture passages where Christ is represented as contending with Satan, either in his own person or in the persons of his "faithful soldiers and servants." See also Psalm lxxiv. 14, 15 (Vulg. lxxiii. 13, 14), and St. Augustine thereon. I should be very much obliged if J. G. N. would kindly favour me with impresJ. T. F. sions of seals bearing this device.

The College, Hurstpierpoint.

This composer's name is invariably spelt as above, REV. JOHN DARWELL (3rd S. xi. 409, 529.)— whereas it ought to be Darwall. I have received the following particulars concerning him from a Rev. John Darwall was descended from an old friend who is connected with the family. The Cheshire family; his father, Randle Darwall, was rector of Haughton, near Stafford, and died in 1777. Mr. John Darwall was vicar of Walsall from 1769 to 1789, the date of his death. The gentleman of the same name, who was resident in Birmingham in 1790, and whose name appears among the subscribers to Dr. Miller's Psalms of that date, was incumbent of Deritend, which is & district in that town, and was a son of Mr. John

Darwall, vicar of Walsall. I believe the original MS. of the music of the tune "Darwall," and which is said to differ from the version in circulation, is in the possession of the Rev. Leicester Darwall, incumbent of Criggin, near Shrewsbury. The musical talent which was made public by the hymn tune in question seems to have existed in the family for many generations, and is still extant in the present representatives of it. Mr. Randle Darwall, the rector of Haughton, who was a jocose as well as a learned and musical man, is reported to have rather risked passing his examination for orders by answering an inquiry of the examining chaplain as to what else he could do, by replying that he could fiddle!

W. I. S. HORTON.

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MONUMENT OF O PIERS SHONKES, AT BRENT PELHAM, CO. HERTFORD (3rd S. ix. 219, 400.)I appear to have forgotten to make a communication which I intended upon this subject, in order to refer to the Gentleman's Magazine for May, 1852, in which accurate representations were given of the monument in question, and of the coffin-lid. They were engraved from drawings by the late Mr. Thomas Fisher, F.S.A., author of Collections of Bedfordshire, and accompanied by some remarks from the present writer. There is also another engraving of the monument in the Antiquarian Itinerary for Sept. 1816. The design of the coffin-lid is remarkable; but nothing very mysterious or wonderful, at least to the eye of a modern antiquary. An angel is conveying to heaven the soul of the deceased, which is represented in the customary shape of a miniature naked man, raising his hands in the attitude of prayer, and his lower limbs concealed by the sheet in which he is carried. Surrounding this representation are the four winged beasts of the Revelations employed as symbols of the evangelists. In the centre of the stone is a fourleaved flower, or cross flory. And at the feet two other leaves of architectural foliage rise from the mouth of a dragon. The tomb upon which this coffin-lid is placed is either another monument, or, if erected purposely to sustain it, was the work of the same fanciful person who wrote the inscriptions on the wall above, attributing the tomb and the carving to "O PIERS SHONKES, who died Anno 1086." This idea was evidently a village legend adopted by the writer of the four Latin and six English lines already printed in "N. & Q.," which are not older in style than the sixteenth or perhaps seventeenth century. There was a family of Shonk or Shonkes which owned land in the parish,

and a manor still retains their name, as mentioned in the quotation from Gough's Sepulchral Monuments given in the editorial note to the first communication above referred to; and it may further be remarked that Clutterbuck has noticed one Peter Shonke occurring as a witness to a deed dated Clavering in Essex in 21 Edw. III. The coffin-lid may be somewhat older than that date; but possibly not. J. G. N.

"MAGIUS DE TINTINNABULIS" (3rd S. xii. 8.)I send the following notes on some of the writers

mentioned:

Fortunatianus.-Born in Africa, Bishop of Aquileia in the time of Constantine; wrote plain commentaries on the Gospels, A.D. 300-336. But perhaps Venantius Fortunatus is meant.

Hieronymus Squarzaficus Alexandrinus.-Wrote a Life of Petrarch, printed with the poet's works by Henry Petri, before A.D. 1574.

Silesia, A.D. 1545; wrote a Sylvula Genealogica of the Bavarian and Palatine princes, together with Latin poems, 4to, Lauginge, 1568; and, in concert with Georgius Sabinus, an account of the Cæsars from C. Julius to Maximilian II. of Austria, 8vo, Leipsic, 1572; and many other works on Law, History, Philosophy, and Poetry. He was Professor of Classics for five years at Lauingen, then made Doctor of Laws in 1583, and became Professor of Law, first at Strasburg, then at Jena. Was employed by Rudolph II. as ambassador, and rewarded by being created a Count Palatine. He died A.D. 1602.

Nicolaus Reusnerus.-Born at Loewenberg in

Petrus Messias Hispalensis, of Seville, published the Diversa Lectiones first in Spanish, which were translated into Italian, French, and German before A.D. 1574. There is a book published at Florence, mentioned in the Universus Terrarum Orbis of Lasor à Varea, with this title

66

Congiura e subito amotinamento occorso nella citta di Firenze, e le morti che ne seguirono (nella Selva rinovata) parte v. cap. xiv."

by Pietro Messia; but no date is given.

Philippus Rubenius, son of John, senator of Antwerp, and brother of the painter Peter Paul Rubens; wrote Electorum Libros ii., Poemata varia, and Epistolæ; and translated B. Asterii Amasai Episcopi Homilias Græc. Latine. Died A.D. 1611, æt. 37.

Philoxenus.-There were several of this name, but I can find no work entitled "De urbibus," by any of them.

Paulus Grillandus, a Florentine lawyer, wrote on Crimes and their Punishments, and a book on Heretics, A.D. 1550-1574.

Joannes Alexander Brassicanus [Köhlburger].Born at Wittemberg in Prussia, A.D. 1500, printed scarce works, to which he added original prefaces; e. g. the works of Eucherius, some agricultural treatises, Salvianus on the Judgments and Provi

dence of God, Petronius Arbiter, besides elegies, dialogues, and epigrams of his own, written and published when only nineteen years of age; and a commentary on the Hymn to Apollo, A.D. 1523. He died A.D. 1539.

Franciscus Rosinus.-One Rosinus is mentioned by Gesner as a writer on Alchymy before A.D. but no Christian name is given. 1574,

Vannocius Beringucius Senensis published a work in Italian on Pyrotechny at Venice, A.D. 1540. He wrote also on Metals and Engines of War.

The above account is compiled chiefly from Conrad Gesner's Bibliotheca, edited by Semler, A.D. 1574, and from Hoffman's Lexicon.

E. A. D.

The following notes, which go but a little way towards answering your correspondent's queries, are from Epitome Bibliotheca Conradi Gesneri conscripta primum à Conrado Lycosthene Rubeaquensi: nunc denuo recognita per Josiam Simlerum

Tigurinum. Tiguri, 1555:

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Hieronymus Squarzasichus, descripsit vitam Francisci Petrarchæ, quæ ab Henrico Petri cum Petrarcha operibus impressa est." Fol. 77.

"Paulus Grillandus Florentinus jurispertus, scripsit de diversis criminibus, ubi etiam de calumniatoribus agit: alias de criminibus et pœnis eorum. Ejusdem liber de hæreticis habetur impressus." Fol. 143.

"Vannocius Biringucius Senensis scripsit Italice Pyrotechniam, lib. 10, opus impressum Venetiis an. D. 1540 in 4 chart 44. Tractat autem de natura metallorum, et ratione fundendi ea et separandi et de campanis et tormentis bellicis." Fol. 177.

K. P. D. E.

ings, the nature and purpose of which are un-
known, either to history or local tradition; neither
would it be possible to reach the island except by
a suspension bridge, no vestiges of which exist.
An ingenious gentleman of Clare, who has a sum-
mer residence in this wild and solitary region, has
laid the abutments on the mainland of a flying
bridge, and if he completes the work this mystery
Can any correspondent adduce and account for
may yet be solved. But what of the bird exodus?
similar instances?
J. L.
Dublin.

TENNYSON'S EARLY POEMS (3rd S. ix. 111.)—It
is a point not to be overlooked in Tennysonian
lication of Poems by Two Brothers (Alfred and
bibliography, that subsequently to the joint pub-
Charles Tennyson), in 1827, each of the brothers
first distinctive publication is well known to col-
published a volume of poems separately. Alfred's
lectors; but Charles's contemporaneous volume is
lies before me.
a lost fact in literary history. A copy of it now
and is entitled Sonnets and Fugitive Pieces, by
It is dated "Cambridge, 1830,"
Charles Tennyson, Trin. Coll.
talised in In Memoriam, and there is a poem
sonnets is one addressed to "A. H. H.," immor-
Amongst the
shows to mean one of the writer's brothers, pro-
addressed "To
which the internal evidence
bably Alfred. The prevailing tone of the poems
is pensive and melancholy; but it can hardly be
said that there is discoverable in them the smallest
ality which mark the Tennysonian poetry.
germ of the brilliant fancy and subtle intellectu-

Melbourne.

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D. BLAIR.

EXTRAORDINARY ASSEMBLAGES OF BIRDS (3rd S. xi. 106, 220, 361.) Some six years ago, on a morning in May, an unusually heavy thunderstorm occurred at Loophead, the northern cape of the estuary of the Shannon, immediately after STYLE OF "REVEREND" AND "VERY REVEREND" which the puffins and pretty kittiwake gulls, a great many of the formalities connected with the (3rd S. xii. 26, 78.)- G. will find on inquiry that countless numbers of which build their nests in the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland are cliffs around, especially in an inaccessible island founded upon those of the old national parliament, off the Head, assembled in a tumultuous manner, which, unlike that of Great Britain, consisted of as if engaged in a troubled council, occasionally only one house. The Lord High Commissioner collecting on the island in noisy groups, then represents the Crown in the same way as Lauderagain dispersing during the whole day until sun- dale, Rothes, and others, did in the Parliament. set; when apparently with one consent both gulls The Moderator fills the place occupied by the and puffins flew northwards in a body, forsaking Chancellor as chairman of the house. their nests, at that season full of eggs, and did not "Right Reverend" and "Right Honourable" are return until March in the following year. The terms What could have prompted this strange and commissioners in addressing the Lords Spiritual precisely those which would be used by the old sudden exodus at the breeding season? the electric fluid have had the effect of addling liament assembled; being, in fact, equivalent to Could and Temporal, and Commons of Scotland in Parthe eggs, and some mysterious instinct have dis- the well-known "Lords and Gentlemen" of our covered the irreparable injury? Or did a scarcity of sprats and other small fry, forming the food of copy of a most amusing brochure by my late own day. Can G. tell me where I can procure a sea-birds, render migration unavoidable? island, a singularly picturesque object, with sheer The friend William Edmonstone Aytoun, entitled precipitous sides upwards of three hundred feet Ilk, 1840, which contains a most amusing account Our Zion, or Presbyterian Popery, by Ane of that high, is only about thirty yards distant from the opposite cliff, and on it are ruins of several build- copy of it, and, deeply to my regret, I lent it to a of the forms of the Assembly. Aytoun gave me a

lady who died shortly afterwards, and I have never been able to fall in with another copy, although I have made occasional inquiries during the last twenty-five years. I applied to Aytoun himself, but he informed me that he had only his own copy, and was afraid that it was entirely out of print. GEORGE VERE IRVING.

SCOT, A LOCAL PREFIX (3rd S. xi. 155, 283.) — Having occasion to look into the Appendix (vol. ii.) of Nisbet's Heraldry, for another purpose, I stumbled upon the following passage, which strongly corroborates the views I stated in regard to compound names in the discussion which appeared under the above title; and as it falls under the head of Res noviter, it may perhaps find a place in "N. & Q.," although the original discussion is closed. It occurs in a notice of Sir John Scott of Scots Tarvet, p. 293:

"When a gentleman of his relation, Inglis of Tarvet, was by necessity of his affairs obliged to sell his estate, Sir John bought it. . Having finished this transaction, he expeded a deed under the Great Seal, erecting and incorporating the lands and estates of Inglis Tarvet and Wemyss Tarvet into a new barony, to be in all time hereafter called the barony of Scots Tarvet. The charter of creation is of date the 11th of September, 1611." The change from English to Scott is very remarkable. GEORGE VERE IRVING.

THE "VICTORIA MAGAZINE" (3rd S. x. 187.)The writer of the drama of the Spanish Marriage was Charles Whitehead, author of Richard Savage and other works of fiction, and once sub-editor of Bentley's Magazine. Mr. Whitehead ended his days, not happily, in this city. D. BLAIR. Melbourne.

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PARC AUX CERFS (3rd S. xii. 52.)-MR. BOURCHIER quotes a passage from Alison's History of Europe, to the effect that the mistress of Louis XV. maintained her ascendancy by her skill in seeking out, and her taste in arraying rivals. But Professor Yonge, in his History of France under the Bourbons (vol. iii. p. 247) shows that her object was only to satisfy the king's lust by a constant succession of victims, who passed away before they had time or opportunity to become her rivals in any way but the most sensual:

"She (Madame de Pompadour) lived in dread of some rival who might supplant her; and to insure herself against any influence of that kind, she now conceived and carried out a plan of unprecedented wickedness. They (the girls in the Parc aux Cerfs) were educated with great care, Louis himself frequently watching their progress in different accomplishments, and with strange and unaccountable hypocrisy, superintending their religious studies and exercises of devotion until they were old enough to become his victims. Then, after a few weeks, or perhaps a few days, they were dismissed with large presents of money, which were augmented if they

SOURCE OF QUOTATION WANTED (3rd S. xii. 44.) became mothers. If here and there one seemed more "Quem Deus vult perdere prius dementat."

The Bishop of Down is in error if he has stated that the origin of this expression is The Sibylline Leaves. It is referred to as a remarkable saying of some one unknown by Sophocles (Antig., 632-635). Σοφίᾳ γὰρ ἔκ του

Κλεινὸν ἔπος πέφανται,

Τὸ κακὸν δοκεῖ ποτ ̓ ἐσθλὸν
Τῷ δ' ἔμμεν' ὅτῳ φρένας
Θεὸς ἄγει πρὸς ἄταν.

"In wisdom hath an illustrious saying been, by some one, set forth :-'That evil sometimes appears good to one whose mind God hurries on to ruin."""

than usually attractive, and likely to awaken in the king more than a passing fancy, the marchioness took care that she was removed at once.'

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Alison implies, though he does not positively state, that it was Madame du Barri, who formed the infamous establishment. And the Penny Cyclopædia, quoted by MR. BUCKTON, states: "he (the king) became attached to a more vulgar woman, Du Barry, and at last formed a regular harem," &c. But Du Barri only succeeded to the office of procuress. It was Pompadour who initiated the vile scheme. Professor Yonge points out that the Parc aux Cerfs was one of the estates which she had extorted from the king, and upon "She now

Upon which the Scholiast gives the exact which a house had been built for her.

words:

Οταν δ' ὁ δαίμων ἀνδρὶ πορσύνῃ κακὰ, Τὸν νοῦν ἔβλαψε πρῶτον ᾧ βουλεύεται. "When God prepares evil for man, he first injures the mind of him to whom he wills it."

The same distich is given as a fragment of Euripides, omitting, however, the last two words, Bovλebera, "to whom he wills it." The exact

restored it to Louis, and drawing on the Treasury for the erection of additional buildings, filled them with female children whose shapes and features served to hold out a promise of future loveliness."

H. P. D.

SCANDINAVIAN LITERATURE (3rd S. xi. 378.)— Allow me to inform R. I. that Part II. of Klemming's valuable Chron. Cat. of Swedish Dram. Lit.

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From Markby parish account book: -

"Memorandum, That the Constables of Markby-cummæmbris did compound wth George Sweete, High Constable of the weopnetacke of Caulsworth, this 9th day of Aprill, 1615, being Easter Day, for xiii pound of butter, three hennes, and iij capons, assessed upon the towne above saide by the saide George Sweete, as appeared by a warrant sent unto us by the saide High Constable for the King's Maties privie diet; for the wch pticulars we paid for every pound of butter thre penc, for every henne viijd, and for every capon xijd."

FELIX LAURENT.

TO WHOM DID SORREL BELONG? (3rd S. ix. 258; x. 127.)-Is there good authority for the belief that the horse belonged to either of the gentlemen referred to; and if so, to which of them? I refer your correspondent H. P. D. to Miss Agnes Strickland's Lives of the Queens of England, vol. xii. p. 28. London, Colburn, 1848:

"He [the Prince of Orange] rode into the Home Park, at Hampton Court, the morning of February 21 [1702], to look at the excavation making, under his directions, for a new canal, which was to run in another longitudinal stripe, by the side of that which now deforms the vieta, and injures the air of Hampton Court gardens."

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Notices to Correspondents.

In consequence of the great length of the interesting paper on the Shakespeares of Rowington, we have thought it advisable to postpone our usual Notes on Books, &c.

QUERISTS are again requested not to mix up several Queries in the same communication, but to confine each Query to one special subject. Those of our Correspondents who favour us with Replies are requested to affir to them the precise reference (page and volume) on which the Query printed. All are entreated to write plainly-especially proper names, and on one side of the paper only.

J. MANUEL. The mottoes of Companies (antè, p. 65,) were revised by Elvin's Handbook of Mottoes.

ERRATA. In last number, p. 70, col. ii. line 19 from the bottom, for "Spenser says" read Spenser sings;" line 13 from bottom, før "pryduad" read" prydnad." Page 74, col. ii. line 14, for white" read "Wight."

A Reading Case for holding the weekly Nos. of "N. & Q." is now or, free by post, direct from the publisher, for 1s. 8d.

*** Cases for binding the volumes of "N. & Q." may be had of the Publisher, and of all Booksellers and Newsmen.

The Prince of Orange was mounted on Sir John Fenwick's sorrel poney, when, just as he came by the head of the two canals, opposite to the Ranger's Park pales, the sorrel pony happened ready, and may be had of all Booksellers and Newsmen, price ls. 6d. to tread in a mole-hill, and fell. Such is the tradition of the palace; and it must be owned, that after a careful examination of the spot, the author prefers its adoption to the usual assertion of historians that the Prince of Orange's "pony stumbled when he was returning from hunting," especially when the mischievous effects of the

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