215

t

Χρὴ μὲν οὖν πᾶσιν ὀργίλως ἔχειν, ὅσοι τιθέασι νόμους αἰσχροὺς καὶ πονηροὺς, μάλιστα δὲ τούτοις οἳ τοὺς τοιούτους τῶν νόμων διαφθείρουσι, δι' ὧν ἔστιν ἢ μικρὰν ἡ μεγάλην εἶναι τὴν πόλιν. εἰσὶ δ ̓ οὗτοι τίνες; οἵ τε τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας τιμωρούμενοι καὶ ὅσοι 216 τοῖς ἐπιεικέσι τιμάς τινὰς διδόασιν. εἰ γὰρ ἅπαντες προθυμηθείεν ποιεῖν ἀγαθόν τι τὸ κοινὸν, τὰς τιμὰς καὶ τὰς δωρεὰς τὰς ὑπὲρ τούτων ζηλώσαντες, καὶ πάντες ἀποσταῖεν τοῦ κακουργεῖν [ἢ κακόν τι πράττειν], τὰς βλάβας καὶ τὰς ζημίας τὰς ἐπὶ τούτοις κειμένας φοβηθέντες, ἔσθ' ὅ τι κωλύει τὴν πόλιν * τινὰς om. Ζ Bekk. cum libris praeter Fr. v. not. ▾ sine uncis Z Bens.

corrupt. The most important
laws are those which punish
wrong-doers and confer certain
distinctions on the well-conduct-
ed. If all Athenians 'lived up
to' our existing laws, what would
not Athens be, with her vast ma-
terial resources (216)? If on the
other hand we suffered the laws
to become as bad as Timocrates
would make them, twice those re-
sources would be useless for any
great purpose.
δι' ὧν ἔστιν] upon
§ 215.
which it depends whether' &c.
τοῖς ἐπιεικέσι...διδόασιν] The
reading of Σ τιμάς τινάς is right-
ly accepted by Dindorf and Ben-
seler. That the laws ought to
reward virtue is a platitude, and
at the same time a very doubt-
ful proposition: that they ought
'to confer certain distinctions
on the law-abiding' is more de-
finite and less open to dispute.
—ἐπιεικὴς nearly= μέτριος, An-
drot. § 25 n.

§ 216. ζηλώσαντες] through
striving zealously after;' or as
K. 'from an ambition to win.'

Cf. Lept. p. 500 § 14 TOûT' OTL τὸ ἐπιτήδευμα ζηλούντων ἀρετήν. ib. p. 504 § 154 τὰς ἐπὶ ταῖς εὐεργεσίαις δωρεὰς ζηλώσαντες. The latter passage, occurring in the peroration of the Leptinea, bears a close resemblance to this and the preceding section.

ἢ κακόν τι πράττειν] Reiske was the first to bracket these words, and has been followed by nearly all editors. Benseler alone justifies the tautology on the ground that κακουργεῖν bears a technical meaning, 'to commit a felony' (such as murder and the more serious cases of robbery, which were capitally punished, Androt. § 26 n.), while κακόν τι πράττειν (=ἐξαμαρτάνειν Androt. §41) is applied to slighter offences. But out of a multitude of references he has not produced a single instance of κακόν τι πράττειν for ποιεῖν Οι (more commonly) ἐργάζεσθαι. The parallel passage just noted (Lept. § 154) has κακόν τι ποιεῖν without κακουργείν, whence the text has probably been patched.

217

μεγίστην εἶναι; οὐ τριήρεις ὅσας οὐδεμία πόλις Ελ-
ληνὶς κέκτηται; οὐχ ὁπλίτας; οὐχ ἱππέας; οὐ προσ-
όδους; οὐ τόπους*; οὐ λιμένας; ταῦτα δὲν πάντα 767
τί σώζει καὶ συνέχει; οἱ νόμοι· κατὰ γὰρ τούτους
οὔσης τῆς πολιτείας ἔστι ταῦτα χρήσιμα τῷ κοινῷ.
εἰ δὲ τοὐναντίον γένοιτο τοῖς χρηστοῖς μὲν μηδ' ὁτι-
οὖν πλέον, τοῖς δ ̓ ἀδικοῦσιν ἄδεια ὅσην Τιμοκράτης
γέγραφε, πόση ταραχὴ γένοιτ' ἂν εἰκότως; εὖ γὰρ
ἴσθ ̓ ὅτι τούτων ὧν διεξῆλθον κτημάτων, οὐδ ̓ εἰ δὶς
γένοιθ ̓ ὅσα νῦν ἐστιν, οὐδ ̓ ὁτιοῦν ἂν ὄφελος εἴη.
οὗτος τοίνυν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ νόμῳ φαίνεται κακῶς ἐπι-

* τόπον Z Bens. cum Σ.

τόπους] ‘posts in the mili tary sense: for which, however, the usual word is χωρία. Σ alone reads τόπον, which Benseler adopts, explaining it of 'a commanding position.' There is a close parallel in Iv. Phil. p. 135 § 10 τῶν δ' Αθηναίων λιμένων ... καὶ τοσούτων προσόδων καὶ τόπου καὶ δόξης. That speech is now universally admitted to be a fabrication: but among the genuine works we find I. Phil. p. 48 § 31 τὸν τόπον τῆς χώρας πρὸς ἣν πολεμεῖτε: Fals. Leg. p. 367 § 84=95 τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων αὐτῶν ὑπάρχουσαν ἀσφάλειαν τῇ πόλει. Another passage referred to by Benseler, F. L. p. 413 § 230=255 ὅλον τόπον καὶ πλεῖν ἢ μυρίους ὁπλίτας...ὅπως αἰχμάλωτοι γένωνται Φιλίππῳ συμπαρεσκεύασεν seems to me to cut the other way and help to justify the use of τόπος as = χωρίον, 'a fortified place.' On the whole however I incline to think that has preserved the true reading.

ταῦτα δὲ] In an interroga

* δὴ Bens. cum Σ.

tive sentence this is preferable
to ταῦτα δὴ (see various read-
ings).

§ 217. ἄδεια ὅσην Τιμοκράτης
γέγραφε] as complete impu-
nity as T. has provided' by his
law.

εὖ γὰρ ἔσθ' ὅτι] Κ. takes ἴστε as imperative, Benseler as indicative. I think the former is right.

ἐν τούτῳ τῷ νόμῳ] These words, unless the text is corrupt, must be explained as by Kennedy and Benseler, 'in that department of law which provides for the punishment of criminals,' 'grade in dem Punkte zu schwächen, wonach es Strafen giebt.' They would naturally refer, however, to the law of Timocrates: and the older scholars have proposed various bold emendations to make them do so: οὐκ εἰσὶν Lambinus, d. κυροι εἰσὶν Jurinus, φροῦδοι εἰσὶν Reiske. The very slight correction of Sauppe, ἐν τούτῳ τῶν νόμων, justifies the rendering given above, and is in other respects highly probable.

N

218

χειρῶν ὑμᾶς ποιεῖν, δι ̓ οὗ τοῖς ἀδικεῖν ἐπιχειροῦσιν εἰσὶν αἱ τιμωρίαι.

Πάντων οὖν ἕνεκα τῶν εἰρημένων ἄξιον ὀργισθῆναι καὶ κολάσαι καὶ παράδειγμα ποιῆσαι τοῦτον τοῖς ἄλλοις· ὡς τὸ πράως ἔχειν τοῖς τοιούτοις, καὶ καταψηφίζεσθαι μὲν, ὀλίγου δὲ τιμῶν, ἐθίζειν καὶ προδιδάσκειν ἔστ ̓ ἀδικεῖν ὑμᾶς ὡς πλείστους.

GREEK INDEX.

The figures refer to the Sections.