land, "Continuation Classes in Household Arts;" Dr. C. F. Langworthy, "Popular Teaching of Dietetics;" Miss Nellie Crooks, "Fabric Values;" Miss Ronzone, "Teaching Dress Reform through the Schools." On Wednesday morning, the Manual Training and Domestic Art program of Vocational Education Section included papers by Professor Snedden, Miss Warner of Cornell, and Dr. Harvey on art in relation to the schools and the trades. Wednesday afternoon, at Teachers College, Dr. Donald Armstrong spoke on, "Sanitation of Stores and Markets;" Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin, on "Supervision of Home Economics Teaching;" and Miss Alice C. Boughton, on "A School Survey of Home Economics Teaching." At the Fifty-Third Meeting of the American Chemical Society, to be held in New York City, the Division of Biological Chemistry will hold on Wednesday morning, September 27, a joint session with the Division of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry to discuss theoretical colloid chemistry. On Thursday morning, September 28, a joint session with the Division of Industrial Chemists and Chemical Engineers will be held to discuss the practical applications of colloid chemistry. On Friday and Saturday mornings, September 29 and 30, the Division of Biological Chemistry will meet for the presentation and discussion of the papers of its regular program. Titles for papers should be sent to the Secretary of the division not later than September 9. Abstracts should be sent with each title. The Santa Barbara Normal School of Manual and Household Arts begins its fall session with Frank H. Ball of Pittsburgh as its new president, thus losing its distinction as the only state normal school with a woman as its presiding officer. Miss Ednah Rich resigned her position on June 30, and was married on July 1, to Mr. Lewis Kennedy Morse of Boston. The summer has been spent in an Alaskan trip, but the fall will welcome Mrs. Morse to her new home in Boston. The American Home Economics Association is grateful for the valuable services of Miss Rich in the past, as a charter member of the Richards Memorial Fund board of trustees, as a member of its council, and in many other ways, hopes that in the future it may still command the interest and help of Mrs. Morse. Brief Notes. The Home Economics Association, and the work in general has met with a great loss in the tragic death of Miss Eva Benepel, who was drowned in the Kaukakee River on July 31. After a year of efficient and enthusiastic work as the first woman county adviser in Illinois, she went to the meeting at Ithaca, to the N. E. A. in New York, and then to Washington, to get all the ideas and help possible for her new year's work. She seemed full of vigor and enthusiasm and of hopeful plans for the future. It will be difficult to find a second county adviser for the work she opened so auspiciously. Miss Ruth Wardall of the University of Iowa has leave of absence for a year's study at Yale with Dr. Mendel. Miss Catherine Creamer of Ohio State University is to give assistance at Iowa for the year. Miss Alice L. Thomas, who has been Supervisor of Domestic Science at Long Beach, California, is to be at the University of Minnesota this coming year as an instructor in Foods and Cookery. Miss Lucile Wheeler who has been at the University of Minnesota the past year teaching Dietetics goes to Illinois for the coming year, as Associate in food work. MRS. MARY H. ABEL ANNA BARROWS C. F. LANGWORTHY ISABEL ELY LORD Ex-Officio Members-CATHARINE J. MACKAY, President American Home Economics Association EMMA H. GUNTHER, Chairman Institution Economics Section RUTH WHEELER, Chairman Science Section NEALE S. KNOWLES, Chairman Extension Education Section Collaborators-The Officers, Members of the Council, and Advisers Professor of Public Health, Yale Medical School, and Curator of Public Health, American Museum of Natural History The development of the science and art of public health has been so rapid that it is very difficult for us to realize what a mystery shrouded the communicable disease up to a short half century ago. There is a delightful portrait in Hovorka and Kronfeld's Vergleichende Volksmedizin, showing how protection against the cholera was secured in medieval times, which always stands to me as a worthy example of the helplessness of pre-scientific medicine. In order to be fully armed to resist this dread disease a man must be equipped in the following manner: "About his body first a layer of India rubber, thereupon a large pitch plaster, on top of this a bandage of six yards of flannel. On the pit of his stomach a copper plate, on the chest a large bag of warm sand. Around the neck a double bandage filled with juniper berries and grains of pepper; in the ears two pieces of cotton wool with camphor; hung on the nose a smelling bottle containing vinegar, and in the mouth a twig of sweet calamus. Over the bandages a shirt, soaked in chlorid of lime, over that a cotton wool jacket and a hot brick, and, finally, a vest sprinkled with chlorid of lime. He must wear flannel stockings next the skin, underwear boiled in vinegar, and, on top of these, woolen stockings infiltrated with camphor. For shoes two copper vessels partly filled with hot water, and 1 Presented at the Ninth Annual Meeting of the American Home Economics Association, Ithaca, N. Y., 1916. overshoes on top. Attached to the calves of the legs are two flasks of water. He wears a large woolen overcoat sprinkled with chlorid of lime, then a mantle made of oilcloth and a hat of the same. In his right pocket he carries one pound of balm-mint tea, a half-pound of carlyme thistle and a half pound of sage. In his vest pocket he carries a bottle containing camomile oil and in his trousers pocket a bottle of camphor. On his hat he balances a tureen of thick gruel, in his right hand he carries a shrub of juniper, and in his left hand an acacia branch. Strapped to his body is a small wagon which he pulls after him and in which there are fifteen yards of flannel, a boiling kettle, ten scrubbing brushes, eighteen bricks, two hides and a comfort stool. He must wear a mask made of curly-mint paste and keep a quarter of a pound of calamus in his mouth." There is a long gap between this fantastic witch doctor and the physicians and engineers who stamped out yellow fever at Havana and at Panama; but it is a gap which has been bridged only during the last half century. Modern public health began with Sir Edwin Chadwick's report as Secretary of the Poor Law Commission on the Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Population of Great Britain, published in 1842. The appointment of the famous Health of Towns Commission followed in 1843 and the organization of a General Board of Health in 1848. An even greater figure in the history of public health is that of Sir John Simon, appointed Health Officer of London in 1848 and Central Medical Officer of Great Britain in 1855. His administration of the latter office was marked by an extraordinary development of English sanitary law. More important even than these legislative enactments was Simon's influence as a molder of public opinion. Yet in all this pioneer work of public health administration and education he had really no definite knowledge to draw upon, only an instinctive dread of filth as the possible mother of disease. Our real knowledge of what particular kind of filth to fear we owe, of course, to Pasteur. In 1865 the greatest of Frenchmen, then in the midst of his researches on fermentation, had but just begun to surmise the relation between these humble problems and "the impenetrable mystery of life and death." In that year he was called on to investigate the terrible disease of silkworms which was ruining this important industry of southern France. He discovered the cause of this communicable disease of insects, as he had previously found the inciting agent of |