ADDITIONAL CHAPTER.

SKETCH FROM 1865 TO 1877.

THE increase of attention to Speculative Philosophy in the British Islands during the last twelve years is very remarkable. The protests against our insular neglect of Philosophy, made by Hamilton and Mill about the year 1835, but already antiquated in great measure before 1865 by the intermediate efforts of these thinkers themselves and others, are now certainly quite past date. Even the word Metaphysics, which we had to report as so much out of favour among us in 1865 that it needed some boldness then to use it, has been voted back, as we ventured to hope it might be, to its just British honours. Thinkers who had previously abjured it have found it impossible to get on without it, and have recanted their abjuration; and the public have acquiesced more rapidly than might have been expected in such a matter.

Of this increase among us since 1865 of interest in Philosophy in all its forms there may be proof to the eye in the following Bibliographical Conspectus. Though it has been made as complete as the materials at hand would allow, there must necessarily be omissions in it, and perhaps some

that are important; and it is to be understood also that the conspectus is bibliographical merely, and that I do not profess to be myself acquainted with all, or nearly all, the books named :

CONSPECTUS OF BRITISH PHILOSOPHICAL LITERATURE

Since March, 1865.

I.—WRITERS NAMED IN PREVIOUS CONSPECTUS, PP. 12-18. SIR WILLIAM HAMILTON:-In proof of the continued posthumous influence of this thinker, it may be mentioned that his Discussions have reached their third edition, his Lectures on Metaphysics their fifth, his Lectures on Logic their third, and that his edition of Reid's works, with Notes and Dissertations, which appeared in an incomplete form in 1846, and contains perhaps the densest results of his thinking, has had a large sale in the complete form in which it was stereotyped in 1863.

MR. JOHN STUART MILL (ob. 1873):-A third and revised edition of his Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy, with notices of some of the criticisms on the first edition, appeared in 1867; in which year also appeared his Rectorial Address to the University of St. Andrews, and a third volume of his collected Dissertations and Discussions. In 1869 appeared a new edition, in two volumes, of Mr. James Mill's "Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind," with Notes by Professor Bain, Dr. Andrew Findlater, and Mr. George Grote, the whole edited, with Additional Notes, by Mr. John Stuart Mill; and in the same year was published the essay entitled The Subjection of Women. A fourth volume of collected Dissertations and Discussions has been published; and two very important publications after Mr. Mill's death were his Autobiography in 1873, and his Three Essays: Nature, the Utility of Religion, and Theism, in 1874. His System of Logic reached its eighth edition in 1872; his Political Economy, accessible in a "People's Edition" since 1866, has had a large circulation in that shape; there have been several new editions of his Utilitarianism and other separate essays; and his Auguste Comte and Positivism,

originally published in 1865 in the Westminster Review, has been reprinted more than once in book-form.

DR. JOHN HENRY Newman:-Most notable in this place among Dr. Newman's publications since 1865 is his Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent, which appeared in 1870.

MISS HARRIET MARTINEAU (ob. 1876):-Harriet Martineau's Autobiography, with Memorials by Maria Weston Chapman, 1877.

REV. F. D. MAURICE (ob. 1872):-Conscience: Lectures on Casuistry, 1868; Social Morality, 1869; new edition of History of Philosophy, 1873.

PROFESSOR DE MORGAN (ob. 1871):-A Budget of Paradoxes, 1872.

PROFESSOR JAMES F. FERRIER:-A posthumous publication of Professor Ferrier's, in 1866, was his Lectures on Greek Philosophy, and other Philosophical Remains, edited by Sir Alexander Grant, Bart., and Professor E. L. Lushington. This and Professor Ferrier's other writings form together a collective edition of his Philosophical Works in three volumes, 1875.

DR. WILLIAM SMITH (of Edinburgh):-A new edition of his Translation of Fichte's Popular Works, with Memoir, appeared in 1873.

MR. G. H. LEWES:-The fourth edition of his History of Philosophy appeared in 1874; and a work of Mr. Lewes's designed to set forth more expressly his own speculative views is his Problems of Life and Mind, of which Vol. I. was published in 1874, and Vol. II. in 1875. A Sequel to these volumes is The Physical Basis of Mind: being the Second Series of Problems of Life and Mind, 1877.

PROFESSOR MANSEL (ob. 1871):-The Philosophy of the Conditioned, with Remarks on Mill's Examination of Hamilton, 1866; Letters, Lectures, and Reviews (posthumous), 1873.

HENRY THOMAS BUCKLE:-Miscellaneous and Posthumous Works, edited by Helen Taylor, 1872.

REV. DR. JAMES M'COSH (now President of New Jersey Hall, Princeton, U.S.):-An Examination of Mr. J. S. Mill's Philosophy, being a Defence of Fundamental Truth, 1866 (second edition announced); Philosophical Papers, 1868, consisting of (1) An Examination of Sir

William Hamilton's Logic, (2) A Reply to Mr. Mill's third edition, (3) An Account of the Present State of Moral Philosophy in Great Britain; The Laws of Discursive Thought, being a Text-Book of Formal Logic, 1870; Christianity and Positivism, 1871; The Scottish Philosophy, Biographical, Expository, and Critical, from Hutcheson to Hamilton, 1874.

PROFESSOR HENRY CALDERWOOD :-Article in the British and Foreign Evangelical Review for April, 1866, entitled The Sensational Philosophy: Mr. J. S. Mill and Dr. M'Cosh; Inaugural Lecture in the University of Edinburgh, 1868, entitled Moral Philosophy as a Science and as a Discipline; third edition of The Philosophy of the Infinite in 1872; Handbook of Moral Philosophy, 1872.

PROFESSOR ALEXANDER BAIN:-Third edition of The Senses and the Intellect, 1868; third edition of The Emotions and the Will, 1875; Mental and Moral Science, a Compendium of Psychology and Ethics, 1868; Logic, Deductive and Inductive, in two volumes, 1870; Mind and Body: Theories of their Relation, 1874.

PROFESSOR A. C. FRASER :-Article on Mr. Mill's Examination of Hamilton in the North British Review for September, 1865; Clarendon Press edition, in four volumes, of the Works of Bishop Berkeley, with Prefaces, Annotations, his Life and Letters, and an account of his Philosophy, 1871; Selections from Berkeley, 1874.

PROFESSOR JOHN VEITCH :-Memoir of Sir William Hamilton, 1869; Lucretius and the Atomic Theory, 1875; various contributions to

Periodicals.

MR. HERBERT SPENCER :-Mr. Spencer's System of Philosophy, as expounded in the successive instalments of his main work, is now represented by his First Principles, second edition, reorganized and farther developed, 1870 (now in its fourth thousand), his Principles of Biology (two volumes), 1864-7, his Principles of Psychology, second edition, reorganized and greatly enlarged (two volumes), 1870-2, and Vol. I. of his Principles of Sociology, 1876. Separate publications of his since 1865 are The Study of Sociology, 1873, and a third series of reprinted Essays, 1874, added to a rearranged and somewhat enlarged edition of the first and second series. Also to be noted here is the large work, still in progress, in folio parts, entitled Descriptive Sociology;

or, Groups of Sociological Facts, classified and arranged by Herbert Spencer, compiled and abstracted by David Duncan, M.A., Professor of Logic, &c., in the Presidency College, Madras, Richard Scheppig, Ph.D., and James Collier. Of this work there have appeared the following portions :-I. 'English "; 2. "Types of Lowest Races, Negrito Races, and Malayo-Polynesian Races"; 3. "Ancient Mexicans, Central Americans, Chibchas and Ancient Peruvians"; 4. "African Races" "Asiatic Races."

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;

DR. JAMES HUTCHISON STIRLING:-Sir William Hamilton: being the Philosophy of Perception-an Analysis, 1865; Handbook of the History of Philosophy, by Dr. Albert Schwegler, translated and annotated, 1867; Supplementary Notes to the same, 1868; Materialism in Relation to the Study of Medicine, 1868; As regards Protoplasm, in relation to Professor Huxley's Essay on the Physical Basis of Life, 1869. (new and enlarged edition, 1872); Lectures on the Philosophy of Law, together with “Whewell and Hegel" and "Hegel and Mr. W. R. Smith ” —a Vindication in a Physico-Mathematical Regard, 1873.

DR. JOHN WILLIAM DRAPER (American, but publishing also in England) :—History of the Conflict between Religion and Science, 1875. MR. JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE:-Short Studies on Great Subjects, (three series); Calvinism: an Address at St. Andrews, 1871.

SIR J. FITZJAMES STEPHEN :-Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, 1873. MR. MATTHEW ARNOLD :-Essays in Criticism, 1865; Culture and Anarchy, 1869; St. Paul and Protestantism, 1871; Literature and Dogma, 1873; God and the Bible, 1875; Last Essays on Church and Religion, 1877.

II.—ADDITIONAL WRITERS (arranged alphabetically).

PROFESSOR ROBERT ADAMSON (Owens College, Manchester) :Roger Bacon: Philosophy of Science in the Middle Ages, 1876; various articles in the current edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica; and contributions to Periodicals.

MR. PATRICK PROCTOR ALEXANDER :-Mill and Carlyle: an Examination of Mr. John Stuart Mill's Doctrine of Causation in relation to Moral Freedom, with an Occasional Discourse on Sauerteig by Smelfungus, 1866; Moral Causation: or Notes on Mr. Mill's Notes to the