The Sources of Standard English

-

DOW

EAS
Downright, 147, 185

E, replaces a, 39, 43, 71, 143
Drag, 128

- replaces , 39, 50, 57, 61, 67,
Drake, 167, 168

69, 71, 74, 82, 102
Draught, 114

- replaces ea, 43, 61, 88, 261
Draw, 84, 126, 128

- replaces eo, 43, 49, 50, 61, 95,
Drawbridge, 179

129, 261
Dray, 128

replaces i, 68, 74, 87, 136
Dreadful, 122

replaces 0, 50, 59, 61
Dream, 131, 255

replaces a, 86, 121
Dreg, 152

- replaces y, 43, 49, 68, 71, 88
Drench, 95

- a letter popular in the South-
Drink, 95

east of England, in the middle
Drive, 121, 275

of a word, 68
Drivel, 116

popular in the North, 175
Droop, 116

omitted at the end of a word,
Drought, 102, 127

310
Drove, 88

Ea, retained in Dorset and the
Drummond, 306

South, 33, 37, 116, 175, 223,
Drunkenness, 248

260
Dry, 50, 88

replaces a, 52, 80, 116, 118
Dryden, 124, 304, 305, 312, 313, replaces co, 39, 49, 59, 85
344

- replaces y, 40, 49
Dual Number, 7, 23, 37

Each, 60, 73, 78, 81, 86, 100,
is dropped, 166

166, 184, 266
Duck, 168, 212

Eadred, 46, 47
Duck, to, 179

Eagre, the, 42
Dunbar, 231, 297

Ear, to (arare), 2, 12, 301
Durham, 146, 203, 331

Earl, 102
During, 26, 269

Earle, Mr., 34, 56, 138, 190, 284
Dusk, 122

Early English Text Society, the,
Dutch, the, 18, 286

165, 174, 196, 320, 370
words akin to English, 63, 64, Earthly, 103
75, 82, 90, 92, 100, 105, 106, Earthly Paradise, the, 319
115, 116, 117, 123, 131, 142, Ease, 224
152, 161, 169, 170, 174, 177, Easily, 104
211, 213.

See Friesland, Fri- East Anglia, 19, 41, 42, 45, 52,
sian

55, 62, 91, 127, 128, 129, 137,
Dwell, 97

142, 166, 182, 190, 194, 269,
Dwindle, has d inserted in the 278, 310, 353
middle, 26

East Midland, the, 55–66, 68,

70-77, 81, 87, 92–110, 115,

122, 125-133, 142–145, 155-
its sound is represented in 157, 162-174, 256, 257,
many ways, 175

259, 263, 268, 271, 285, 304

E

Ember days, 121
Empress, 219, 222
Empty, 121
En, the Romance Prefix, 245, 247

the Plural Ending of Nouns,
22, 67, 70, 102, 167
the Possessive Feminine
Suffix,
the Suffix akin to Greek, 11
theAdjectival Ending, 15, 129:
the new Ending of the Infini-
tive, 74, 108, 263
the Ending of the Strong
Verb's Participle Passive, 9,

East Midland, the Shibboleths

of, 62, 63, 147
Easy, 50, 130, 153, 279
Ed, the ending of the Past Parti-

ciple, clipped, 82, 83
Eden, Miss, 168
Edge, to, 95
Edgeworth, Mr., 332
Edinburgh, 146, 260

Review, the, 317
Edmund the Archbishop,154, 231

24

- the new Midland Ending of
the Plural of the Present
Tense, 62, 63, 125, 143, 147,

156, 162, 165, 256, 263, 281
End, 3
Ende, the ending of the Active

Participle, 24, 25, 62, 63, 91,

94, 113, 115, 125, 269
Endings, Aryan, 5, 6, 11, 12

Romance, 246, 247
- Teutonic, 15
Endure (harden), 267
Engine, 301
English, speech of the West
Saxons, 35

Pale in Ireland, 206
Enhaunce, 267
Enlighten, 106, 150, 247
Ennui, 338
Enough, 71, 73, 80, 85
Enquire, 280
Ensaumple, 269, 280
Enter, 267, 269
Environ, 267
Equal, egal, 275
Er, the Suffix, 15, 176
Erasmus, 294
Erin, 2, 30
Ery, the Suffix, 247

the Martyr, 52, 60, 92, 353
Edward, the son of Alfred, 44,

45, 46
Edward the Confessor, 61, 216,

235
Edward I., 7, 162, 165, 166, 174,

182, 183, 186, 196, 209, 233,

236, 238, 257, 258
Edward II., 273
Edward III., 260, 261, 263, 276
Edward IV., 283, 284
Edward VI., 301
Ee, the Suffix, 247
Ee, replaces e, 116, 148, 175
Een, the Irish Suffix, 247
Eer, the Suffix, 247
Egg, to, 95
Ei, replaces a, 57, 80, 179

ea, 85

Eight, 85
Eke, 43, 88
El, the Suffix, 15, 85
Elasticity, 337
Elbow, 85
Eldest, 129
Eloven, 12, 13, 49, 112

- Pains of Hell, the, 251
Elizabeth, 184, 186, 308, 325
Ellis's letters, 276
Else, 11
Ely, 154, 191
Em, short for hem (illis), 44,

58, 88

ES

Es replaces eth in Verbs, 49, 50,

136, 143, 148, 156, 165, 185
Es, the ending of the Genitive

Singular, 5, 49, 50, 51, 94
-(=as)the ending of the Nomi-

-

native Plural, 5, 39, 43, 49; F replaces k and g, 13, 137, 138

51, 59, 166, 256
the old ending of the Second
Person Singular of the Pre-
sent, 8, 26, 148, 165, 185
- the Northern ending of the

Present Plural, 62, 63, 282
Ese, the Suffix, 247
Esque, the Suffix, 247
Ess, the Feminine Suffix, 247,

268
Essex, 19, 41, 45, 47, 55, 69, 75,

87, 91, 137, 147, 154, 175, 182
Essex Homilies, the, 86-91, 105,

117, 136, 149, 220, 236, 256
Esthonia, 73
Et, the Suffix, 247
Eth, the Southern ending of the

Present Plural, 62, 63, 263,

FLA
Exinanite, 302, 304
Eye, 20, 40, 85, 95

295
Ethel, 343
Ethelred, 86
Eton, 113, 187, 277, 323, 335,

337
Eu, replaces cow, 74, 88; a

French sound, 220
Evangelise, 267
Even, in composition, 98, 266
Ever, 12, 57, 71, 81, 130
Evermore, 81, 250
Every, 53, 73, 81, 143
Every one, 130
Ever-ywhere, 118
Evil, 71
Exacerbate, 338
Exam, 331
Exceedingly, 291
Except, 26
Exeter, 278

- lost in the middle of a
word, 53, 142, 190
Faery Queen, the, 308, 318
Fair, 91; fair and free, 16!
Faith, 132
Falcandus, 54
Fall, 13, 26, 333
Falter, 142
Far, 3, 148, 282

and wide, 159

be it, 291
Fare, 43, 168
Farquhar, 124
Fast, the Suffix, 15
Father, 4, 6, 49, 51, 290
Fawn, to, 120
Fearful, 116
Fed, 129
Feeble, 87
Feed, 43, 88
Fellow, 42
Feminine Gender, 6, 97, 268
Fetch, 80, 107
Few, 43, 59, 88, 290
Fib, 117
Fielding, 344, 346
Fiend, 43, 87
Fight, 95, 147
File, 170
Find, found, 164
Fine, 126
Finsborough, battle of, 18
Fire, 68, 128 ; fire-iron, 178
Fish, 26, 88
Fit, 142
Five, 25

Danish Burghs, 45, 47
Flail, 102
Flash, 124

FLA
Flat, 213, 224
Flea, 116
Fled, 131
Flee, 32, 113
Flew, 113
Fling, 179, 317
Flit, 97
Flog, 84
Flow, 4, 113
Floyd, 84
Flutter, 174
Fly, 32
Foal, 11
Foe, 185
Fold, the Suffix, 15
Follow, 52, 80, 87, 121, 127
Font, 91
Fool of myself, 223
Foot, 22, 148
Footman, 179
For (pro), 3, 27, 82, 170, 279

- (enim), 71, 73
- the Prefix, 11, 15, 16
evermore, 148

G
Fourscore, 149
Fowl, 85, 126
Fox, Mr., 344
Fox, 6
Frail, 224, 299
France, 46, 80, 83, 121
Francis, St., 226, 230
Franciscans, the, 226–235, 241,

248–250, 256, 257, 265, 295,

305
Frederick II., the Emperor, 222,

319
Freeman, Mr., 342
French. See Chapter IV.
Fresh, 103
Friday, 88
Frideswide, 208, 343
Friend, 87, 95
Friesland, Frisian, 17, 37, 111
Fright, 128
Frisian words akin to English,

64, 72, 90, 92, 115, 225. See

Dutch
Fro, fra, 64, 96, 125, 142
Froissart, 288
From, 3, 39, 64

- far, 148
— wicked to worse, 194
Froude, Mr., 317
Fruitful, 152
Ful, the Suffix, 15, 116, 122,

186

in composition, 98
Fulke, 302, 305
Fuller, 183
Fulsome, 103
Furnival, Mr., 182
Furthermore, 159
Fussy, 103, 104
Future Tense, the, 12, 29

- to, 60

Forasmuch, 177, 192
Forby, 99

- Mr., 124
Fordo, 11, 16, 279
Fore, the Prefix, 15, 98, 231
Forefather, 261
Forefeet, 178
Foresaid, 191
Former, 7
Forsooth, 91, 337
Fortescue, 281
Forpam, 31
Forthright, 101
Forthwith, 101
Fortnight, 81
Forward, 99
Foul, 103
Foundling, 150
Four, 13, 59, 85, 138

G

the hard, 26, 57, 70, 87, 95,

127, 283, 285, 286 .

G

GOD
G, dropped at the end of a word, 137, 162, 170, 177, 196, 234,
50, 57, 61, 82

238, 242, 253, 314, 315, 320,
— dropped in the middle of a 330, 339, 343.

See High,
word, 104

Low
is softened, 223, 246, 286 German words akin to English,
Gaed (ivit), 11, 74, 88

115, 124, 126, 131, 142, 174,
Gaelic, 26, 247

176, 178, 179, 211, 213
Gain, the Prefix, 15, 151

Gerundial Infinitive, 24, 25,
Gain, 97, 116

28, 29, 30, 189
Gainest, the, 97

Get, 95, 286
Gainsay, 151

Gevenlike, 127
Gallop, 19

Gewgaw, 124
Gander, 3

Gh, replaces g and c, 74, 87, 147,
Gang, 12

179, 185
Ganges, 2, 5, 314

- h, 57, 136, 137
Gangway, 5

Ghastly, 113
Gar, 105, 165

Ghost, 69
Gardiner, Bishop, 293

Ghostly, 113
Garibaldi, 54

Gibbon, 1, 252, 289, 312, 313,
Garnett, 1, 18, 19, 38, 94, 165 316, 318, 343, 344, 365
Gash, 223

Giggle, 123
Gaskell, Mrs., 96

Gin, 93, 97, 301
Gat, 148, 185

Giraldus Cambrensis, 254
Gate, 49, 95, 97, 163, 250, 286 Gird, 113
Gatryke, 272

Girl, 179
Gaul, 17, 18, 326, 331

Give, 58, 95, 283, 290
Gave, 164

Gladstone, Mr., 277, 318
Ge, the Prefix, dropped, 38, 39, Glare, 175

43, 49, 52, 61, 62, 88, 126 Glee, 87, 176
- sounded, 119

Glendower, 276
Gear, 154

Glint, 131
Gehaten, 61, 94

Gloucester, Robert of, 175-178,
Gold, 117

190, 207, 226, 234, 240, 241,
Genesis and Exodus, the, 125, 247, 252, 258

127-134, 136, 143, 252, 278 Gloucestershire, 49, 124, 179,
Genitive, the, 5, 8, 29, 49, 50, 51, 192, 206, 259, 275, 288, 290,
60, 68, 94, 145, 309. See Par-

294, 297
titive

Gnash, 152
Geniture, 289

Go, 4, 10
Gentleman, 92

Go out, of fire, 121
Gentlewoman, 223

Go thy way, 194
George III., 32, 327

Go to pot, 294
German, 5, 10, 17, 18, 26, 32, God forbid, 291

46, 48, 51, 63, 70, 98, 107, God wot, 163, 165

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