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κωμάξομαι τερπνὰν ἐπιστάζων χάριν.

'light.' Aesch. seems to have adopted the phrase, Ag. 1123, βίου δύντος αὐγαῖς.

84. λακτίζοισα.] Has the metaphor a reference to the kicking up of the pankratiast when struggling on his back?

85. δεύτερον ἁμαρ.] For this somewhat unusual accusative cf. Isth. v. 46, Aesch. Eum. 108, ἔθνον ὥραν οὐδενὸς ποινὴν θεοῦ, Eur. Bacch. 722, Madv. § 30 note. The notion of 'on' or 'at' is joined to that of 'during.'

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τέρμα.] • The end consisting of annual games.' The "periphrastic" “ pleonastic ” use of τέρμα and τέλος is an εἴδωλον. The idea of 'end,' 'limit,' 'consummation,' is indicated in all the alleged cases.

87. Myrtle was sacred (not exclusively) to the dead. Cf. Eur. El. 323, 512, Alc. 172, Isth. VII. 67.

88. ἀνήρ.] Ι.e. ἐξηνδρωμένος. 89. ἀνεφάνατο. ‘Caused a return to be made of,' cf. Nem. VI. 26.

καὶ παίδων.] Μss. do not give καὶ but παίδων (τὴν) τρίταν. Βöckh

παίδων τε τρίταν. The construction παίδων νίκαν is exactly paralleled by κῦδος ἀνδρῶν, Ο1. Ιx. 88.

90. πεπιθών.] Hartung πεπιθώς. Hermann—πίσυνος. πολύβουλ ̓ Ορσέα σὺν σοὶ δέ νιν. Cf. Pyth. III. 28, note. The meaning 'obeying,' 'guided by,' is clearly needed. There is not sufficient evidence to pronounce upon the isolated intransitive use of the form.

δέ.] ‘Accordingly, cf. Isth. VI. 23. Orseas was his trainer. Trainers are celebrated at the end also of Nem. IV., VI.

κωμάξομαι.] Causative middle; I will cause the kômos to celebrate.' Cf. Nem. Ix. 43. Don. with one good ms. reads κωμάζομαι. For the future cf. Pyth. xi. 10, Nem. xı. 1.

ἐπιστάζων.] So Schol. Vet. The best ms. ἀποστάζων and the other old mss. ἐπιστοχάζων. For metaphor cf. Pyth. v. 94, vIII. 57, Isth. ν. 21, ΟΙ. ΧΙ. [x]. 99.

χάριν.] ‘Song. Cf. Οl. ΧΙ. [x.] 93, τὶν δ ̓ ἀδυεπής τε λύρα | γλυκύς αὐλὸς ἀναπάσσει χάριν, ib. 78, supra, v. 8, Frag. 53 [45], 2.

ISTHMIA IV. [V.]

ON THE VICTORY OF PHYLAKIDAS OF AEGINA IN THE PANKRATION.

INTRODUCTION.

PHYLAKIDAS of Aegina, youngest (Isth. v. 6) son of Lampôn, was brother to Pytheas, for whom Nem. v. was composed. Phylakidas had won an Isthmian victory, celebrated in Isth. v., before the occasion of this ode (Isth. v. 2—7) which was soon after the battle of Salamis, vv. 48—50, i.e. in the next Isthmian games, B.C. 478, Ol. 75. 3. The ode was performed in Aegina, according to Dissen 'undoubtedly' at Lampôn's house; but, as Theia was clearly worshipped in Aegina as a patroness of games, the ode may have been sung at a family gathering before a shrine of that goddess.

The rhythm is Dorian. The third syllable of the fourth line of the epode perhaps had the value of two long syllables.

ANALYSIS.

vv.

1-10. Invocation of Theia, bestower of wealth and victory in speed and strength.

11. For prowess gains distinction by aid of deities.

12, 13.

14, 15. 16.

Well-being and good fame are the two things needful to
give happiness to the wealthy.

Be content with participation in these blessings.
Mortal aims become mortal men.

17-19. Mention of victories of Phylakidas and Pytheas

19-22. The occasion, having brought him (in spirit) to Aegina,

demands celebration of the Aeakidae.

22-25. For since the island is devoted to noble deeds the meed of laudatory song must not be grudged.

F. II.

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26-28. Her warriors have been sung of for countless ages.

28-35. Different states revere different heroes-Aegina reveres Aeakos and his seed,

35-38. Who twice took Troy.

38-42. Who performed the mightiest deeds (in the second war)? Achilles of Aegina.

43, 44.

44, 45.

The island has long been a conspicuous example of lofty virtues.

46-50. Much might be said on this theme. For instance, Aeginetan sailors won the battle of Salamis.

51-53. But enough, Zeus send vicissitudes (i.e. reverses as a punishment for boasting).

53, 54. Athletic victories too (as well as warlike achievements) love to be celebrated in song.

54-58. Praise of the family of Kleonikos for perseverance in the labours and expenses demanded by athletics.

59-61. Credit is given to Pytheas for his brother's style of fighting in the Pankration.

62, 63. The poet bids himself take a wreath and send the ode therewith to Phylakidas.

Μάτερ Αελίου πολυώνυμε Θεία,
σέο ἕκατι καὶ μεγασθενῆ νόμισαν

1. Oela.] Mommsen, with the Schol., would derive this name from Oéw with reference to the movement of the stars or from θεάομαι, which Mezger prefers. The word may be connected with τίθημι οι Оéσσavтo, cf. Nem. v. 10 note, or else may mean 'mother.' Cf. her sister Tneús (Curt. No. 307). She was a Titanid (Hes. Theog. 126— 136), mother of Hêlios, Selênê and Eôs (ib. 371-4) by Hyperiôn. Welcker, quoted by Dissen Böckh's Pind. II. 2, p. 511, identifies her with a Lemnian goddess Chrysê depicted on a vase found in Magna Graecia, while Böckh, with more certainty, points out that she is the Euryphaëssa of the Homeric hymn to Helios. Pindar's Tipal of Theia

Στρ. α'.

are given by Hêsiod to Hekatê, Theog. 409-443. Note that here Theia is connected with xpuròs and νίκα, while we have χρυσέα Νίκα, Isth. II. 26.

For Toλvúvvμe cf. Aesch. P.V. 210, Γαΐα, πολλῶν ὀνομάτων μορφὴ μία: so πολυώνυμε of Dionysos, Soph. Ant. 1115; and of Aphroditê, Soph. Frag. 856, йто Kúπρis oỷ Κύπρις μόνον, ἀλλ ̓ ἔστι πολλῶν ὀνομάτων ἐπώνυμος.

2. σEÒ EKATI.] So Bergk. Mss. σε (σου) γ' ἕκατι. The Scholl. ignore the y'. For the digamma of FEKATI cf. Ol. xiv. 18. Cf. Διὸς EK. infra v. 29.

Kaí.] Mezger, "as well as other desirable goods." Dissen would, with a sort of apology, couple this

χρυσὸν ἄνθρωποι περιώσιον ἄλλων·

καὶ γὰρ ἐριζόμεναι

5 νᾶες ἐν πόντῳ καὶ ὑφ ̓ ἅρμασιν ἵπποι

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διὰ τεάν, ὦ 'νασσα, τιμὰν ὠκυδινάτοις ἐν ἁμίλλαισι

θαυμασταὶ πέλονται

ἔν τ ̓ ἀγωνίοις ἀέθλοισι ποθεινὸν

κλέος ἔπραξεν, ὅντιν ̓ ἀθρόοι στέφανοι

χερσὶ νικάσαντ ̓ ἀνέδησαν ἔθειραν

1ο ἢ ταχυτᾶτι ποδῶν.

κρίνεται δ ̓ ἀλκὰ διὰ δαίμονας ἀνδρῶν.

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δύο δέ τοι ζωᾶς ἄωτον μοῦνα ποιμαίνοντι τὸν ἄλπνιστον εὐανθεῖ σὺν ὄλβῳ,

καὶ with τ', v. 7. Both seem mistaken. Pindar is explaining why men actually go so far as to esteem gold as more potent than all besides.

μεγασθενή.] Cf. Isth. III. 2. The order shews that the adjective is an extension of the predicate‘men even (καὶ) esteem gold as potent....' Dissen however renders in honore habent, quoting Heindorf on Plato, Gorg. p. 466 D, οὐδὲ νομίζεσθαι ἔμοιγε δοκοῦσι.

νόμισαν.] Gnomic aorist.

3. χρυσόν.] Schol. ἐκ Θείας καὶ Ὑπερίονος Ηλιος, ἐκ δὲ Ηλίου ὁ χρυσός. ἑκάστῳ δὲ τῶν ἀστέρων ὕλη τις ἀνάγεται, ἡλίῳ μὲν ὁ χρυσός, Σελήνη ὁ ἄργυρος,Αρεϊ σίδηρος, Κρόνῳ μόλιβδος, Διὶ ἤλεκτρος, Ερμῇ κασσίτερος, ̓Αφροδίτη χαλκός. But Frag. 207 [243] we find Διὸς παῖς ὁ χρυσός.

4. καὶ γάρ.] Εlliptical like ἀλλὰ γάρ. 'Aye and I can say more for.... The poet goes on to ascribe the speed of the swift and the strength of the strong to Theia.

ἐριζόμεναι.] The competition of ships in speed was for commercial objects, like the present competi

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εἴ τις εὖ πάσχων λόγον ἐσλὸν ἀκούσῃ. μὴ μάτευε Ζεὺς γενέσθαι πάντ ̓ ἔχεις, 15 εἴ σε τούτων μοῖρ ̓ ἐφίκοιτο καλῶν. θνατὰ θνατοῖσι πρέπει.

τὴν δ ̓ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ διπλόα θάλλοισ ̓ ἀρετά, Φυλακίδα, κεῖται, Νεμέᾳ δὲ καὶ ἀμφοῖν, Πυθέᾳ τε παγκρατίου. τὸ δ ̓ ἐμὸν 20 οὐκ ἄτερ Αἰακιδῶν κέαρ ὕμνων γεύεται σὺν Χάρισιν δ ̓ ἔμολον Λάμπωνος υἱοῖς

this οἰκτρὸν is clearly a rendering οἱ ἀνέλπιστον.

The plural ποιμαίνοντι is to be expected because the two ideas are represented individually, cf. Kühner who quotes Xen. Anab. I. 4. 4, ἦσαν δὲ ταῦτα δύο τείχη.

εὐανθεῖ.] Causative. Here ζωᾶς ἄωτον is the choicest of the ἄνθη produced by ὄλβος.

13. εὖ πάσχων.] Cf. Pyth. I. 99, τὸ δὲ παθεῖν εὖ πρῶτον ἀέθλων· εὖ δ ̓ ἀκούειν δευτέρα μοῖρ ̓ ἀμφοτέροισι δ' ἀνὴρ | ὃς ἂν ἐγκύρσῃ καὶ ἕλῃ, στέφανον ὕψιστον δέδεκται, Pyth. III. 104, Nem. I. 32. This enjoyment includes of course good health, of which Theognis says λῷστον δ' ὑγιαίνειν, and which Metrodoros made the summum bonum. Cf. Ol.

ν. 23, ὑγίεντα δ' εἴ τις ὄλβον ἄρδει, | ἐξαρκέων κτεάτεσσι καὶ εὐλογίαν προστιθείς, μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι.

λόγ. ἐσλ. ἀκ.] See L. and S. ἀκούω, ΙΙΙ. 2.

14. For sentiment cf. ΟΙ. ν. 23, quoted above, and Pyth. III. 61, μή, φίλα ψυχά, βίον ἀθάνατον | σπεύδε.

15. εἰ ἐφίκοιτο.] For constr. ef. Pyth. vii. 13.

16. For sentiment cf. Soph. Frag. 528, Eur. Bacch. 395, Pyth. III. 59, 60. Frag. 39 [33].

17. θάλλοισ'.] Cf. Pyth. IX. 8 note. Here luxuriant' because watered by the dews of song. For

'Eπ. a'.

20

25

metaphor cf. Nem. VIII. 40, Isth. v. 63, 64.

ἀρετά.] Cf. Nem. ix. 54. Join with παγκρατίου.

18. κεῖται.] Cf. Οl. ΧΙΙΙ. 36, αἴγλα ποδῶν ἀνάκειται.

Νεμέα.] Dative for locative, cf. Nem. x. 35. Note that διπλόα does not affect this clause, except so far as one victory a-piece is a two-fold victory. The Nemean victory of Phylakidas is celebrated, Isth. v. [vi.] 3, see the Introd. to that ode.

19. Sc. τίν τε before Πυθέᾳ τε. Dissen quotes Aesch. Suppl. 480 (474 P.) for the brachyology, où μὲν πάτερ γεραιὲ τῶνδε παρθένων | κλάδους τε...λαβὼν θές, where to supply αὐτὰς ἄγε before κλάδους is easier than Paley's explanation.

19. παγκρατίου.] Genitive of origin, cause, cf. VI. 22, νίκαν παγκρατίου, Isth. VII. 5, ἀέθλων κράτος.

20. οὐκ ἄτερ.] ‘Full of the praises of the Aeakidae.'

γεύεται.] 'Is now sipping the sweets of.' Cf. Nem. VI. 25, Isth. I. 21.

21. σὺν Χάρισιν.] Cf. Pyth. VI. 2, Ix. 3, Nem. iv. 7, x. 1. Paley's 'with my poems' is not so good.

ἔμολον.] Idiomatic aorist of the immediate past. Whether Pindar was present at the recitation in person is uncertain as τάνδ' does not imply the poet's presence, cf.

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