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τῶν οὐκ ἄπεστι. χαῖρε, φίλος· ἐγὼ τόδε τοι πέμπω μεμιγμένον μέλι λευκῷ

σὺν γάλακτι, κιρναμένα δ ̓ ἔερσ ̓ ἀμφέπει, πόμ ̓ ἀοιδιμον Αἰολῇσιν ἐν πνοαῖσιν αὐλῶν,

135

Ἐπ. δ'.

140

80 ὀψέ περ. ἔστι δ ̓ αἰετὸς ὠκὺς ἐν ποτανοῖς, ὃς ἔλαβεν αἶψα, τηλόθε μεταμαιόμενος, δαφοινὸν ἄγραν ποσίν·

εὐβουλία,fearlessness and endurance, boldness of design and prudence. Don. however thinks" that Pindar is speaking with reference to the Pythagorean division of virtue into four species, and that he assigns one virtue to each of the four ages of human life (on the same principle as that which Shakspere has followed in his description of the seven ages), namely, temperance is the virtue of youth (Aristot. Eth. Nic. I. 3), courage of early manhood (P. II. 63), justice of maturer age, and prudence (φρονεῖν τὸ παρκείμε vor) of old age (P. II. 65). That he is speaking of the virtues proper to each age is clear from v. 71: ὢν τις ἐξοχώτερος γένηται.”

76. τῶν.] Ι. e. τεσσάρων ἀρετῶν, 'Of these thou hast no lack.' Mezger reads ἄπεσσι. Aristokleidas was not necessarily approaching old age at the date of this ode any more than Damophilos, Pyth. Iv.

φίλος.] Nominative for vocative. Cf. Pyth. 1. 92. For xaîpe cf. Pyth. II. 67, Isth. I. 32.

77. μέλι.] Cf. Isth. iv. 54, ἐν δ ̓ ἐρατείνῳ μέλιτι καὶ τοιαίδε τιμαὶ καλλίνικον χάρμ' ἀγαπάζοντι, Οl. ΧΙ. 98, μέλιτι εὐάνορα πόλιν καταβρέ χων. The Schol. suggests that γάλα represents the natural talent displayed in the ode, uéλ the skilled labour. But Pindar would hardly apply the metaphor of honey so often to his verse (e. g. Frag. 129

[206], μελισσοτεύκτων κηρίων ἐμὰ γλυκύτερος ὀμφά) if he thought of its being a laboured product. The main idea is a sweet thought. The ingredients may be suggested by the κρατὴρ νηφάλιος, of the Muses, ef. Luer. I. 947, musaeo dulci melle, and of Pan, cf. Theokr. v. 58. Cf. Plato, Ion, 534 A, of poets, ὥσπερ αἱ βάκχαι ἀρύττονται ἐκ τῶν ποταμῶν μέλι καὶ γάλα κατεχόμεναι. Cf. Eur. Bacchae, 708, ὅσαις δὲ λευκοῦ πώματος πόθος παρῆν got milk and honey. Perhaps the νέκταρ χυτὸν of Ol. VII. was a λευκὸν πῶμα, but see Isth. v. 2, 7.) Philostratos, In Vitis Sophistt. p. 511, ed. Olear. τὰς δ' ἐννοίας ἰδίας τε καὶ παραδόξους ἐκδίδωσιν (Nikêtes), ὥσπερ οἱ βακχεῖοι θύρσοι τὸ μέλι καὶ τοὺς ἐσμοὺς τοῦ γάλακτος. For the draught of song cf. Ol. vI. 91, Isth. v. 2, 7-9. With γάλα λευκόν cf. Frag. 143 [147], Lucr. I. 258, candens lacteus

umor.

78. κιρναμένα κ.τ.λ.] ' Α frothed dew crowns the bowl.' For the parenthesis cf. Pyth. x. 45, μόλεν Δανάας ποτὲ παῖς, ἁγεῖτο δ' Αθάνα, | ἐς ἀνδρῶν μακάρων ὅμιλον.

79. πόμ' ἀοίδ.] Cf. Isth. iv. 24. ἐν.] Cf. Ol. VII. 12.

81. For the eagle seizing the hare, cf. Il. XXII. 308, and coins of Elis and Agrigentum. See Plate. μεταμαιόμενος.] • Though it make its swoop from afar.'

δαφοινόν.] ‘Tawny.

κραγέται δὲ κολοιοὶ ταπεινὰ νέμονται.

τίν γε μέν, εὐθρόνου Κλειοῦς ἐθελοίσας, ἀεθλοφόρου λήματος ἕνεκεν

145

Νεμέας Επιδαυρόθεν τ ̓ ἄπο καὶ Μεγάρων δέδορκεν φάος.

82. ταπεινὰ νέμονται.] ‘Have a low range of flight.' For νέμεσθαι 'to have a range' cf. Simonides, Frag. 5 [12] (Plato, Protag. p. 339 f.), 8, οὐδέ μοι ἐμμελέως τὸ Πιττάκείον | νέμεται, even the saw of Pittakos goeth not far enough to suit me,' Herod. Ix. 6 fin. The poet means that it is easy for him to give lively interest to a distant event in a case where the ode of an inferior poet would fall flat.

83. γε μέν.] Ι. e. γε μήν, however.' Cf. Nem. III. 33.

Κλειούς. ] Perhaps chosen because of the victor's name. For omens in names cf. Ol. vi. 56, Aesch. P. V. 85, Nem. 11. 8.

84. ἄπο.] For position cf. ΟΙ. VII. 12, VIII. 47, Pyth. II. 10, 11, 59, ν. 66, VIII. 99, Nem. Ix. 22. For prep. with - θεν, cf. Hes. W. and D. 763, ἐκ Διόθεν.

δέδορκεν.] Cf. Ol. I. 94, Nem. IX. 41, and for the perfect cf. Ol. 1. 53. The phrase δέδορκ. φά. answers to ἄραρε φέγγος, supra v. 64 (Mezger).

NEMEA IV.

ON THE VICTORY OF TIMASARCHOS OF AEGINA IN THE BOYS' WRESTLING MATCH,

INTRODUCTION.

TIMASARCHOS, son of Timokritos, a harper (v. 14), of the family or clan of the Theandridae, was victorious in the boys' wrestling match at Thebes in the Hêrakleia, at Athens in the Panathênaea and at Nemea. This last victory was won B. C. 461, Ol. 79. 3, or a little earlier. The ode was most likely processional, as it is monostrophic. The rhythm is Lydian with Aeolian measures. It was probably sung before a banquet as a прокáμlov (v. 11).

ANALYSIS.

vv.

1-8. Feasting and song are the best recompense for severe struggles.

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13-24. Had Timokritos been alive he would have played the lyre on the occasions of his son's victories at Nemea, Athens and Thebes.

25-30. Telamôn's exploits as Hêrakles' comrade.

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33-43. The poet checks himself and bids the victor strive boldly

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Αριστος εὐφροσύνα πόνων κεκριμένων

ἰατρός· αἱ δὲ σοφαὶ

Στρ. α'.

Μοισᾶν θύγατρες ἀοιδαὶ θέλξαν νιν ἁπτόμεναι. οὐδὲ θερμὸν ὕδωρ τόσον γε μαλθακὰ τέγξει 5 γυῖα, τόσσον εὐλογία φόρμιγγι συνάορος. ῥῆμα δ ̓ ἑργμάτων χρονιώτερον βιοτεύει, ὅ,τι κε σὺν Χαρίτων τύχα γλῶσσα φρενὸς ἐξέλοι βαθείας.

1. εὐφροσύνα.] Good cheer, cf. Pyth. iv. 129, Isth. III. 10.

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κεκριμένων.] • When a painful struggle is decided,' cf. Ol. III. 21, Nem. x. 23, κρίσιν ἀέθλων, ΟΙ. VII. 80, κρίσις ἀμφ' ἀέθλοις ; or when labours have won a favourable verdict' (or 'distinction'), cf. Isth. Iv. 11, Nem. VII. 7. Don. explains the Schol. κρίσιν λαβόντων καὶ συντελεσθέντων, brought to a determination.'

2. Ιατρός.] For the order ef. O. and P. p. xxxvi. For the phrase cf. Aesch. Choëph. 685 [P.], vûv d', ἥπερ ἐν δόμοισι βακχείας καλῆς | ἰατρὸς ἐλπὶς ἦν, παροῦσαν ἐγγράφει.

σοφαί.] There seems to be a double allusion, to skill in leechcraft and skill in poetry, in this instance.

3. νιν.] Him, the victor, implied in πόν. κεκρ., cf. Nem. VIII. 21 -23. Don. Paley. Mommsen however [comparing Pyth. III. 63, καὶ τί οἱ (Χείρωνι) | φίλτρον ἐν θυμῷ μελιγάρυες ὕμνοι | ἁμέτεροι τίθεν] and Mezger explain νιν = εὐφροσύναν, taking ἁπτόμεναι =‘when they set to work; but I prefer by their touch,' cf. Pyth. iv. 271, χρὴ μαλακάν χέρα προσβάλλοντα τρώμαν ἕλκεος ἀμφιπο

λεῖν.

4. γε.] The force is that soothing as water is, its soothing properties are proportionately small. However, Plutarch, de Tranqu. 6, quotes thus, οὐδὲ θ. ϋ. τοσόνδε τέγξει

F. II.

5

μαλθακὰ γυΐα, κατὰ Πίνδαρον, ὡς δόξα ποιεῖ πόνον ἡδύν.

μαλθακὰ τέγξει.] The adjective is proleptic, bedew with soft relief,' soften by moistening,' 'steep limbs in softness' (Holmes). MSS. give τεύχει, but Plutarch's more uncommon word and tense are more likely to be original. Edd. read τέγγει, but for the gnômic future cf. O1. VII. 3, where it is taken up by a gnomic aorist, Ol. VIII. 53, τερπνὸν δ ̓ ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἴσον ἔσσεται οὐδέν, Ο1. ΙΧ. 106, μία δ' οὐχ ἅπαντας ἄμμε θρέψει | μελέτα, Il. XXII. 317, οἷος δ' ἀστὴρ εἶσι μετ ̓ ἀστράσι νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ ἔσπερος, | ὃς κάλλιστος ἐν οὐρανῷ ἵσταται αστήρ, ὡς αἰχμῆς ἀπέλαμπε εὐήκεος, ἣν ἄρ ̓ Ἀχιλλεὺς | πάλλεν. Cf. ib. 309.

5. συνάορος.]‘Wedded to ' (Holmes). Cf. Isth. vi. 19.

6. For sentiment cf. Pyth. III. 114, Frag. 98 [36], πρέπει δ' ἐσλοῖσιν ὑμνεῖσθαι καλλίσταις ἀοιδαῖς· τοῦτο γὰρ ἀθανάτοις τιμαῖς ποτιψαύει μόνον [ῥηθέν]. θνάσκει δ ̓ ἐπιλασθὲν καλὸν ἔργον.

7. σὺν τύχα.] Cf. Nem. VI. 25. 8. φρενὸς ἐξέλοι βαθείας. ] Mezger compares Nem. III. 9. Paley says the metaphor is from drawing arrows out of a quiver, but the epithet βαθείας rather suggests choosing from a rich store. Don. quotes Theognis, 1051, μή ποτ' ἐπειγόμενος πρήξης κακόν, ἀλλὰ βαθείᾳ σῇ φρενὶ

3

τό μοι θέμεν Κρονίδᾳ τε Διὶ καὶ Νεμέα 1ο Τιμασάρχου τε πάλα

ὕμνου προκώμιον εἴη· δέξαιτο δ ̓ Αἰακιδᾶν
ἠΰπυργον ἕδος, δίκα ξεναρκέϊ κοινὸν
φέγγος. εἰ δ ̓ ἔτι ζαμενεῖ Τιμόκριτος ἁλίῳ
σὸς πατὴρ ἐθάλπετο ποικίλον κιθαρίζων,

βουλεῦσαι, where the meaning may
be a little different. See on Balú-
δοξος, Pyth. I. 66, ΟΙ. II. 54, βαθεῖαν
μέριμναν ἀγροτέραν.

égéλo.] The optative because there is a special reference to the following portion of the ode as well as to what generally happens, and so av with optative almost future. The case is not discussed Goodwin §§ 61 -64; it should come under § 61. 3 note.

Kühner, in his general explanation, says that the optative expresses conditional supposition, conjecture, assumption, undetermined possibility, while the subjunctive expresses mere supposition, &c. (§ 333. 6 of Eng. Trans. 1859). Here σὺν χαρίτων τύχᾳ may be equivalent to a protasis.

9. τό.] Wherefore,' cf. Pyth. v. 37, Il. XVII. 404, Soph. Phil. 142. Paley renders τὸ θέμεν, “to offer this tribute;' Cookesley dedicate this prelude.' For Oéuev cf. v. 81.

Moi eln.] For this phrase cf. Pyth. 1. 29 with the pronoun suppressed, Pyth. II. 96, Ol. 1. 115, Nem. vII. 25, εἰ ἦν ἓ τὰν ἀλάθειαν ἰδέμεν, with the pronoun in the accusative.

TE- -Kai-TE.] See O. and P. pp. Xxxvii., xxxviii. For the mention of the locality of the games, the victor's achievement and the god of the games together, cf. Nem. I. 7, ἅρμα δ ̓ ὀρτρύνει Χρομίου Νεμέα θ' ἔργμασιν νικαφόροις ἐγκώμιον ζεύξαι μέλος.

Νεμ. τε πάλ. is a hendiadys, "'wrestling at Nemea.'

Στρ. β'.

15

20

11. προκώμιον.] Editors and translators seem agreed that the 'prelude' or proëme of the processional ode sung by the kômos is meant. I think that the whole ode is the προκώμιον, the beginning of the revel, and that "uvov is a genitive of 'material,' cf. Pyth. iv. 206, λίθων βώμοιο, υ. 71, ἀδάμαντος ἄλοις.

désairo.] Is 'me' or 'the ode' the implied object? The latter most likely. This is the only other instance of the suppression of the direct object of déкoμaι in Pindar besides Pyth. IV. 70.

12. δίκα, κ.τ.λ.] 'A light that shines in view of all by reason of their justice in protecting aliens:' metaphor from a beacon (Tupσós). For the justice of Aeginêtans cf. Ol. VIII. 26.

13. Jaueveî.] Elsewhere in Pindar this adjective means 'quickened by inspiration,' applied to Mê dea, Cheiron, Dionysos (Frag. 133 [57]) and to τόλμα [Frag. 216 [255], τόλμα τέ μιν ζαμενὴς καὶ σύνεσις πρόσκοπος éoάwoev]. Are we then in this passage to take the obvious physical meaning, or to take it causatively (Pyth. iv. 81), in a metaphysical sense, 'quickening,' inspiring'?

14. ἐθάλπετο.] • Had been basking in' (Holmes).

ποικίλον.] Cf. Ol. III. 8, φόρμιγγα ποικιλόγαρυν, ΟΙ. IV. 2, ποικιλοφόρμιγγος ἀοιδᾶς, also of the fute Nem. VIII. 15, φέρων Λυδίαν μίτραν καναχηδὰ πεποικιλμέναν. For construction cf. Hes. Scut. 202, iμepóEv Kɩoάpiše. The Schol. rightly takes

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