IO

AVOGADRO, his law made basis of sys-

tem of Gerhardt
and Laurent, 23
not accepted by
Berzelius, 7

2

Atomic synthesis, Berzelian rules of, 17

Daltonian
theory, shortcomings of the

Daltonian, II
volumes of elements, curve

shewing, 226
weight, of an element, defini-

tion of, 35
weights, Berzelius's table of, 19

data required before,

can be determined,

36
determined by appli-

cation of Avogadro's
law, and of law of

Dulong and Petit,64
determined by appli-

cation of Mitscher-
lich's law of isomor-

phism, 69
determined by chemi.

cal methods, 71
of heryllium, cerium

metals, and uranium,
determined by ap-
plication of periodic

law, 233
of elements, connec-

tion between, and
heats of formation of

haloid salts, 229
of elements, data for,

tables, 37, 78
of elements, periodic

connection between,
and properties of

elements, 223 et seq.
of elements, table of,

45
Atomicity of molecules, explanation of

term, 42
table shewing,

42
Avidity, meaning of term as used by

Thomsen, 437
AVOGADRO, application of his law to

determine atomic weights,
compared with applica-
tion of law of Dulong and
Petit, 64
his distinction between
atom and molecule, 13
his law, 13, 26

accepted by Du-

BAKER, H., his work in connection

with isomorphism, 67 note
Bases, classification of, by help of ther-

mal data, 285
BEMMELEN, VAN, his experiments bear-

ing on molecular compounds, 217
BERGMANN, his tables of affinity, 402

his work in connection

with the atomic theory, 7
Berthelot, his law of maximum work,

297, 445 note
his thermal investigation of

the isomerides benzene

and dipropargyl, 303
his three principles of ther-

mal chemistry, 297
BERTHOLLET, his study of affinity, 403

his views regarding

chemical change, 369
his views regarding solu-

tion, 370
Beryllium, atomic weight of, 233

fusibility of salts of, 228

specific heat of, 58
Berzelius, his acceptance but limita-

tion of Gay-Lussac's law,

17
his conception of affinity,

373, 458
his electro-chemical investi-

gations, 108
his rules with regard to

atomic synthesis, 17
his table of atomic weights,

19
his use of double atoms,
19

the term polarily,
109
his work on atomic synthe-

sis, 16
refuses to accept Avogadro's

law, 17

the dualistic theory of, 110
Boiling points of carbon compounds,

99

Boron, carbon, and silicon, Kopp's hy.

pothesis regarding atoms of,63

specific heat of, 59 et seq.
BRAUNER, his investigations connected

with the periodic law, 234, 237
Brodie, his work bearing on structure

of small particles of elements, 71
Bromine, density of gaseous, 209
BRÜHL, his work on the refraction-

equivalents of carbon compounds, 309

et seq.
BUNSEN and Roscoe, their use of the

term induction, 378
Calorimetric equivalents, meaning of

term, 290
Calorimetric equivalents of solutions,

relations between and composition,

290
CANNIZZARO, his generalisations re-

garding specific heats of compounds,

47, 55
Carbon, boron, and silicon, Kopp's hy.

pothesis regarding atoms of,

63

Chemical classification, 1, 116

equilibrium, hypotheses re-

garding, 386 et seq.
induction, use of term by

Bunsen and Roscoe (see

also induction), 378
methods

for

determining
atomic weights, examples

Combining weights of elements, defini-

Dissociation, analogies between, and

evaporation, 356
bearing of, on determina-

tions of vapour-densi-

ties, 362
general phenomena of,

356 et ser
of salts in solution, 367
phenomena more or less

analogous to, 366
special characteristics of,

361
treatment of, by

Debray, 357
Deville, 356
Gibbs, 396
Hicks, 393
Horstmann, 393

Pfaundler, 360, 393

use of term, 355
Dissociation-pressure, meaning of term,

356
Divalent, the atom of oxygen is, mean-

ing of expression, 123 et seq.
the atom of tin is, in given

molecule, but is tetravalent

in another molecule, 126
Divers, his experiments on the action

of tin, &c., on nitric acid, 103,
DONATH, his determination of the spe-

cific heat of uranium oxide, 55
Dualism, opposed by Dumas, 113

opposed to Faraday's electro-

lytic laws, 112
system of, introduced by Ber-

zelius, 110
DULONG and Petit, their law regaril.

ing specific heats of solid elements,

46, 63
Dumas, his early acceptance of Avo-

gadro's law, 20
his system of notation partly

atomic, partly equivalent, 20
introduces the conception of

types, 113 et seq.
opposes the dualistic system of

Berzelius, 113
Eka-ainminium, cka-boron, and eka-

silicon, 231
Electro-chemical investigations of

Berzelius, 108
Davy, 106
Faraday, 112, +51
Helmholtz, 455
Joule, 452
Thomson, 453

Wright, +5+
Electrolysis of acids, 93

Element, the old conception of, 1, 248

note
Elements, atomic heats of, 56

atomic weights of, data for

finding, tables, 37 et seq.,

78 et sey:
atomic weights of, table, 45
atomic volumes, curve of, 226
atoms of, have definite re-

placing values, 117
atoms of, valency of (see also

valency of atoms), 121
classification of, by help of

thermal data, 274
classification of, in accord.

ance with their atomic

heats, 56
classification of, in accord-

ance with the periodic law,

224
susibility of, 228
isomorphism of, 67
periodic connection between

atomic weights and pro-

perties of, 223 et seq.
specific heats of, law of Du-

long and Petit regarding,46
specific heats of some, deter-

mined indirectly, 51 et seq.
specific heats of, table, 48
study of properties of, by help

of the periodic law, 233
unknown, properties of, pre-

dicted by the periodic law,

230
Elementary gases, table of molecular

weights of, 31
Endothermic and exothermic changes,

meaning and application of terms,

254, 446
Energy-changes accompanying chemical

changes, 175, 265,406
connected with affinity-

changes, 443, 448
measurements of, by

electrical methods,

453
measurements of, by

thermal methods, 250,

Equilibrium-pressure, use of term in

connection with dissociation, 356
Equivalency of atoms (see also valency),

116 et seq.

an, use of term, 124
Equivalent, atom, molecule, the terms

contrasted, 24
connected with function,

14, 22, 472
difficulty of determining the

true, of an element, 14
notation, inconveniences of,

14
term introduced by Wol-

laston, 14
weights of elements deter-

mined by Laurent, 22
Equivalents, work of Dumas, Laurent,

and Gerhardt on, 20
work of Ostwald on, com-

pared with earlier investi-

gations, 472
Esson (see HARCOURT)
Etherification-values, connection be-

tween, and molecular

structure of alco-

hols, 351, 399
meaning of term, 348

et seq.
methods of determin.

ing, 350
FARADAY, his electro-chemical investi.

gations, 112, 451, 455
FISCHER, his work in connection with

the atomic theory, 7
Fluorine, specific heat of, 52
Forms of oxides and salts as determined

by application of the periodic law, 243
Formulæ, chemical, of gases compared

with those of solids, 43,

462
chemical, structural, examples
of methods of obtaining,

144 et seq.
chemical, structural, general.

isations usually made in

obtaining, 151 et seq.
chemical, structural, regarded

from kinetical point of

view, 466
FRANKLAND recognises a substituting

value for each elementary atom, 117,

I 22 note
Fusibility of elements, connection be-

tween, and atomic weights, 228
Gallium, identical with eka-aluminium,

231
GARNIER and CANNIZZARO, their gene-

31

99

257, 288

446

Energy, degradation of, accompanying

chemical changes, 445 note,
free and bound, use of terms by

Helmholtz, 446
Equilibrium, chemical, hypotheses re-

garding, 386 et seq.
chemical, equation of

(Guldberg and Waage),

408

M. C.