battle-axe, thirteen-and-a-half inches long, was dug up at Lowscales, close to, and other relics are said to have been found at the same place. A Roman urn was also found on the Beck estate, not long ago. These relics are not without their significance, as it is historically true, that the Britons made their last stand against the Romans in the mountainous districts of Cumberland and Wales.

It may be noted that there is a great similarity between the antiquities of this district and those recorded in the Isle of Man. It has its kirks, its cairns, its giants' graves, and runic crosses. The most perfect stone circle in the Island, is Glen Darragh, which is nearly of the same dimensions as those on Lacra. It is an easy distance from the English coast, and might afford a place of refuge when troubles afflicted the mainland, or it might be a suitable place for an invader to sally from, when the coast was in a defenceless state. Such periods took place on the Roman and Saxon invasions of Britain, and when the Norsemen of Scandinavia made their settlements in the Western Islands. It is curious to note the recurrence of names in the two districts, as Kirksanton, Cleator, Fleswick, Crosby, Leece, Santon (in Gosforth), Kirkbride and Bridekirk, Kirkandreas, in the Island, and "Kirkanders," as the country people of Cumberland call it, or, properly speaking, Kirkandrews on Eden, and Kirkandrews on Esk. These names speak of colonisation.

There is a legend connected with Kirksanton, of some chronological interest. It is, that a chapel once stood here, on the situation of the tarn, that this chapel sank, and the place was called Kirksancktown; it is also said to have risen again at Kirksanton, in the Isle of Man. The tarn is not without its peculiarities. It has neither inlet nor outlet; it varies little between summer and winter, and it is surrounded by that most pervious of all material, sand and gravel. Though the first place of settlement is called Kirksanton, the township is called Chapel Sucken. If the legend be correct in data, we should be led to infer that Kirksanton in Cumberland is first, Kirksanton in the island, next, and the naming of the township Chapel Sucken a succeeding event. But as this is a matter which may be settled by appealing to another court, we leave the Cumbrians and Manxmen to settle this question of sacrilege in their own way.

ART. XXXIII.-The Charters* of the Borough of Egremont, translated by the Rev. Canon Knowles, M.A.

Read at St. Bees, August 29th, 1872.

BE it known to all men present and toed, given, and, by this

my present charter, have confirmed to my burgesses of Egre mont, and to their heirs, these underwritten laws, liberties, an customs, to hold of me and my heirs

To wit, that the said burgesses have not to go outside the gates of Egremont Borough, on summons of any; save only to the door of the castle, with the Lord or his Senescal, to seize stray beasts, or make distraint within Coupland.

And be it known, that, if war befall, the said my Burgesses shall for me and for my heirs find xii men, with their arms, for defence of my castle of Egremont, for xl days at their own proper cost. But in the remaining (days) they shall lend clothes, food, and other merchandize for xl days, and if withh that term, I pay not their due, they are not bound to lende other their merchandize until I shall have paid their due.

Also, they shall give me an aid for knighting one of my sons: another aid shall they give me likewise for marrying one of my daughters. Again, if need be, they shall give me an aid for ransom of my person or that of my heirs. Also, the shall give me an aid when the knights of my land shall gi me aid and this shall be done under oversight of xii Burgesses And they shall give me 'moult' for my mill-that is to sa each thirteenth measure of their own corn, but of boughte each sixteenth.

Also, if a man buy a Burgage, he shall give me fourpence his seisin. Also, if a Burgess be rightly summoned according to his laws to come to the Borough Court, and default; the if convict thereof, he shall pay vi. d. to me and to my heirs Also, my Burgesses shall be quit of pasnage within the bounds for their pigs; that is to say, from Crokerbec to the rivulet of Culderton (salvo ker meo [? oakwoods]). And b it known, that if their pigs stray beyond the bounds aforesaid, they shall for pasnage give-to wit, the twentieth pig: and if it hap that one of the Burgesses have less than xx pigs, he shall give me as pasnage for it one penny (?)

* See facsimiles among the illustrations to this volume.