PIDGIN OR PIGEON ENGLISH (10th S. v. 46, 90, 116, 174).-The "Fan Hwae" at Canton before Treaty Days, 1825-1844,' by an Old Resident (query, Dr. Hunter ?), has several paragraphs on this subject. At p. 60 of the 1882 edition (Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.) Occurs: 46 Pigeon English is the well-known name given to that unique language through the medium of which business was transacted and all intercourse exclusively carried on between the Ocean' foreigners and Canton Chinese." Western A little later it is referred to as "Devils' Talk." The date is indefinite, but the epithet "well known" carries force. Hwae" of course equals Foreign Devil. "Fan An Englishman whose memory of Hongkong goes back to 1857 tells me that the term was certainly current there then. DUн Ан Сoo. Hongkew. FEMALE VIOLINISTS (10th S. v. 229, 256).Ann Ford (1737-1824) married in 1762, as his third wife, Governor Philip Thicknesse : "The town frequented her Sunday concerts, where Dr. Arne, Tenducci, and other professors were heard, besides all the fashionable amateurs, the hostess playing the viol da gamba, and singing to the guitar.' The viol da gamba was of exquisite workmanship, supposed to have been made in 1612, and was her favourite instrument. R. J. FYNMORE. Sandgate. IN TOM THUMB'S FIRST APPEARANCE LONDON (10th S. v. 385). I certainly saw, when a boy, Tom Thumb exhibited at the Adelaide Gallery in the Strand in June or July, 1844, and remember the pink-covered pamphlets which were sold by him, and for which he gave "to ladies only metaphorically "a stamped receipt." Barnum a kiss, called was acting as his tutor, and carried on conversations with his pupil, and coached him up. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION, 1838 (10th S. v. 389).-The Polytechnic Institution, Regent Street, built on premises formerly belonging to Lord Bentinck, was opened to the public of the building and a column or two of on 6 August, 1838. An engraving of the front Mirror of 1 September, 1838. descriptive letterpress appeared in The bell, which formed such an interesting feature The divingof the institution, was the subject of an illustrated sketch in The Literary World of 11 May, 1839. In July, 1885, I saw this old carded and forlorn in the grounds of the friend of my boyhood's days standing disAlbert Palace, Battersea Park. I presume it has long since been sent to limbo. JOHN T. PAGE. Long Itchington, Warwickshire. GALLIE SURNAME (10th S. v. 309, 394).A respectable family named Galley was resident at Easington and Southwick, in this county, about a century ago. 1787, July 10, Ann, wife of James Galley, Southwick, Gentleman," buried (Monk wearmouth Registers). People,' states that Galley is simply the The author of 'The Norman Norman-French pronunciation of Galet, an (see his British Family Names,' where he opinion evidently shared by Canon Barber mentions that it occurs as a Huguenot name in London, 1687). H. R. LEIGHTON. East Boldon R.S.O., Durham. "ANON" (10th S. i. 246, 337 ; v. 274).—Is not MR. BAYNE a little hard on Thackeray over his elastic use of the word "anon"? The novelist might surely have claimed Milton as using the word with the significance of at other times. In the first book of Paradise Regained' we find Full forty days He passed-whether on hill Hampton-on-Thames. CHICHELE'S KIN (10th S. v. 286).—Mr. F. HITCHIN-KEMP's note on this subject made me apprehensive that my family might have been claiming kinship and privileges to which we were not entitled. But in my manuscript pedigree of the Chichele family, which is a descendants, are the only persons affected. very full one, I find that the Tyldens of Milstead, and their no doubt numerous Philippa, daughter and heiress of Sir Robert Chichele, knight and Lord Mayor of London, the archbishop's eldest brother, daughter Emeleyn Chichele who married Sir married Valentine Chichele, and it was their Thomas Kempe, Kt., said (it now appears erroneously) to have been of Rosteage, Kent. They had an only daughter, Cecilia Kempe, bury Tower if he will favour me with his who married John Toke, Esq., whose daughter JOHN T. PAGE. married a Tylden of Milstead. address. Long Itchington, Warwickshire. This is simply an abbreviation of Canonbury House. See Timbs's and Loftie's works. S. D. C. But it is from William Chichele, the archbishop's second brother, that most of the kinship is derived. In this line Sir John Chichele, Kt., of Wimpole, Cambs., married, about 1600, a daughter of Sir Thomas Kempe, REV. SAMUEL MARSDEN, CHAPLAIN OF of Rosteage, Kent, and their descendants N.S. W. (10th S. v. 389).-There are two carried on the family until it became extinct engraved portraits of this gentleman menin the male line at the death in 1738, without tioned in Evans's 'Catalogue of Portraits,' issue, of Richard Chichele, D.C.L., Master Nos. 6921 and 6922: the former is an octavo, of the Faculties and secretary to the Arch-engraved by Terry, and the latter a quarto, bishop of Canterbury. His sister and heiress engraved by Fittler. One or both would married James Plowden, of Ewhurst, so that almost certainly be found in the Print-Room, the Chichele-Plowdens, of whom the genial British Museum; or MR. HOCKEN might London magistrate is perhaps the best known, address a request to Mr. W. V. Darnell, are now the direct representatives of this Great Mortimer Street, W. W. ROBERTS. ancient family. It may not be without in47, Lansdowne Gardens, Clapham, S.W. terest to mention that two members of the J. RAMPINI (10th S. v. 410). Giacomo Chichele-Plowden family, who were in the H.E.I.C.'s service, are buried in Capetown. (Jacques) Rampini, author of several operas My own descent is from Elizabeth, daughter Padua about 1680, and was leader of the and composer of church music, was born at of Thomas Chichele, of Wimpole, Esq., High cathedral orchestra there. For further parSheriff of Cambridgeshire temp. Elizabeth and James I. (died 1616), through the Woods ticulars cf. F. J. Fétis's Biographie Universelle des Musiciens' and Rob. Eitner's of Fulbourne, Cambs., and others. My great-Quellen-Lexikon der Musiker' (vol. viii.); grandfather, who was of Christ Church, both of them works of reference which will Oxford, claimed - and "had his claim allowed" a Fellowship at All Souls, as Music' fails. often help where Grove's 'Dictionary of L. L. K. founder's kin. J. A. HEWITT, Canon. Cradock, S.A. [MR. R. A. POTTS, H. K. ST. J. S., and MR. L. R. M. STRACHAN also give the reference to Coleridge.] CANBURY HOUSE, MIDDLESEX (10th S.. V 409). The Canbury House concerning which your correspondent inquires is Canonbury House or Canonbury Tower, Islington, rendered famous as being at one time the residence of Goldsmith. I think it is Lysons who reproduces an advertisement, dated 11 April, 1780, in which it is described as 'Canbury [sic] Mansion House, near Islington." I will gladly supply A. T. M. with a copy of a paper I have published on Canon VANDECAR (10th S. v. 370). From the Venedi, Veneti, Winidæ, or Wends, says Robert Ferguson, may be derived names which, according to Grimm (Gesch. d. Deutsch. Spr.'), may be referred also to the Vandals, both "Wend" and "Vandal " being traceable to the German wenden, the English wend, wander, &c. Some of the instances given come very near-not only the name of Vandecar, but also those of Wintem(berg), Vent, Vandeleur, &c. ('The Teutonic Name System,' 1864, pp. 315-17). J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. THE BABINGTON CONSPIRACY (10th S. v. 190, 354, 395).-Surely there is some mistake here. My recollection of 'The House of the Wolf' is that it is a romance by Mr. Stanley of certain young noblemen of France during Weyman, the subject being the adventures the time of the massacre of St. Bartholomew. The scene is laid partly in an old town in the South of France, but chiefly in Paris. If I mistake not, it was one of the author's earliest efforts in that direction, and by no means the least successful. T. F. D. TRAVELLING IN ENGLAND, 1600-1700 (10th S. v. 348, 414, 433).-See a manuscript in the Lansdowne collection in the British Museum (No. 213, pp. 317-48), entitled " A Relation of a Short Survey of Twenty-Six Counties, briefly describing the Cities and their Scytuations, and the Corporate Townes and Castles therein observ'd in & Seven Weekes' Journey, begun at the City of Norwich, and from thence into the North, on Monday, August 11th, 1634, and ending at the same place. By a Captaine, a Lieutenant, and an Ancient, all three of the Military Company in Norwich." This interesting document commences thus: "Three Southerne Commanders, in their Places, and of themselves and their Passes-a Captaine, DOGS AT CONSTANTINOPLE (10th S. v. 170). a Lieutennt, and an Ancient [.e., an ensign], all-Since my query was inserted I have Voluntary members of the noble Military Com- found a reference to the dogs in a letter by pany in Norwich - agreed at an opportune and Henry Maundrell to Mr. Osborn, Fellow of vacant leysure, to take a view of the Cities, Castles Exeter College, under date 10 March, and chiefe Scytuations," &c. A reproduction of the diary in question will be found in Brayley's Graphic and Historical Illustrator,' published (1834) by J. Chidley, 151, Goswell Street, London. HARRY HEMS. 'CENTURY OF PERSIAN GHAZELS,' 1851 (10th S. v. 108). The author, or rather editor, of this book appears to have been Nathaniel Bland. It is not mentioned by Mr. Beveridge in the 'D.N.B.,' but it is attributed to Bland by the British Museum Catalogue, and by Ethé in the article Neupersische Litteratur,' in the 'Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie,' Bd. ii. pp. 284, 297, 301, 302, 304, 310, 314. It contains, according to Ethé, ten ghazels by each of the following nine poets-Sana'i, Kätibi, Qasimi-Anvar, Ahli, Shirāzi, Amir Hasan Sanjari of Delhi, Salmān, Sāvaji, Kamāl Khujandi, Fighāni, and Hatif; but Ethé does not appear to mention the author of the ten 1698: DUKE OF GUELDERLAND: DUKE OF LORRAINE (10th S. v. 249, 313).-The fullest account of the house of Lorraine, and of Charles Leopold V., Duke of Lorraine and Barr, is to be found in the now out-of-date, but still most interesting work Bohun's Historical Dictionary.' as continued and enlarged by the Rev. J. Barrow, and published at London in folio, 1694. It devotes six double columns to the career of Duke Charles V., who had then lately died. Deprived of his inheritance by the King of France in 1674, Charles achieved great distinction as generalissimo of the Imperial army. He was the son of Duke Francis, brother to Duke Charles IV., and married Eleanora Maria, sister of the Emperor and widow of Michael, King of Poland, by whom he left four children, Leopold the eldest, succeeding him in his title. He died near Vienna, 18 April, 1690. Cradock, S.A. J. A. HEWITT, Canon. RALPH, LORD HOPTON (10th S. v. 409).Since Prof. C. H. Firth wrote his account of the above in 'D.N.B.' (vol. xxvii. p. 347), Mr. C. E. H. Chadwyck Healey, K.C., F.S.A., has edited for the Somerset Record Society (vol. xviii.) 'Bellum Civile.' This volume that the correct state of things should be made clear once for all. includes Hopton's own narrative of his campaign in the West (1642-4), and other papers relating to the same from the Clarendon and With regard to Mr. W. Stevenson's remarks, Tanner MSS. The account begins with the quoted ante, p. 417, even he is wrong in outbreak of the war in Somerset, 1 August, stating that Newstead was a priory. The 1642, and ends with the Royalist defeat at Notts Abbeys were Newstead, Rufford, and Alresford of 29 March, 1644. On 11 May, Welbeck. Lenton, however, is correctly 1645, when Taunton was relieved the first called a priory, among which class it betime by Col. Welden, the Royalist com-longed to the Greater" category (200l. net mander was the notorious Lord Goring. or over at the Dissolution), Blythe and Lords Hopton, Wentworth, and Capel were Walling wells and a few others belonging to the Royalist commanders on 16 February, the "Lesser" category (under 2001. net at 1646, when Fairfax stormed Torrington. the Dissolution). Again on 14 March, 1646, Lords Hopton and Wentworth represented the defeated side at the Treaty of Truro (see Joshua Sprigge's Anglia Redivisa,' 1854, pp. 197, 229, &c.) A fine portrait of Hopton in his peer's robes is reproduced in Godwin's 'Civil War in Hampshire.' A. R. BAYLEY. ROPES USED AT EXECUTIONS (10th S. v. 266, 315, 375, 418).—On 23 May the Daily Mail reported a sale of "torture and punishment implements" as having taken place at Messrs. Stevens's Rooms in Covent Garden the day before. The account contained the following sentence : "There was but little competition for a rope that had been used by Berry, the public executioner, and eventually it was knocked down for 78." JOHN T. PAGE. Long Itchington, Warwickshire. When Mr. Calcraft retired from his office of executioner he said that relics of ropes were not to be relied on, because the same rope was used until worn out. The skeleton of William Corder, in West Suffolk Hospital at Bury St. Edmunds, is hung up in a wallcase with an old rope reported to be that with which he was executed. This is quite possible, as it was a very old rope, and he may have been the last person executed with it. Corder was hanged in 1828 at Bury St. Edmunds; and I saw the skeleton in 1840. WALTER SCARGILL. Colchester. ABBEY OR PRIORY (10th S. v. 327, 378, 417). -I am quite aware that the custom of misnaming abbeys and priories-sometimes both titles being used indiscriminately in one account of a monastic establishment-was general; but that is no reason why such mistakes should be perpetuated, and it is well I have, with a considerable amount of pains, prepared a classified list of the Abbeys and of the Greater and Lesser Priories of Great Britain, and, of course, the Isles of Wight, Man, and Scilly, and the Channel Islands, and am, therefore, in a position to speak authoritatively on the matter. I have also a list of the Scotch and Welsh Abbeys.* JOHN A. RANDOLPH. 128, Alexandra Road, Wimbledon, S. W. HAFIZ, PERSIAN POET (10th S. v. 68, 115).— According to Ethé (Grundr. der Iran. Phil.,' ii. 304) the edition by Brockhaus is "eine der meisterhaftesten Editionen persischer Texte." Ethé's bibliographical notes will no doubt be of service to MR. PLATT. They were written in 1896, but I have seen a considerable number of booksellers' catalogues lately, and none of them mentions any complete edition of Hafiz published since then. F. E. NUTTALL. Manchester. THE GUNNINGS OF CASTLE COOTE (10th S. v. 323, 374, 395, 436).-An elegy was written daughter of Barnaby and Anne Gunning, of on the death of Catherine Gunning, the Holywell, co. Roscommon. It will be found in the Brit. Mus. Cat., 1414 e. 4. 2, and the title-p -page runs as follows: "A Poem | On the Late Miss Catharine Gunning, | In the Small Pox, | At Carlinstown in the County of Westmeath, | the seat of her Uncle | James Nugent, Esqre; Inscribed to | Miss Hannah Nugent. By a Young Gentleman. | Ab miseram Eurydicen! Virg. Dublin: | Printed by S. Powell, in Crane Lane. | 1752." The interesting communication of COL. POLLARD-URQUHART, ante, p. 395, shows that Barnaby Gunning resided at Holywell in 1751. According to Burke, he had another daughter Anne, who married Charles Blakeney, of Holywell. HORACE BLEACKLEY. Abbeys, 17; "Greater" Priories, not including * County Abbeys, 224; Scotch Abbeys, 37; Welsh those in immediate vicinity of London, 58; "Lesser" Priories, about 500. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Hakluytus Posthumus; or, Purchas his Pilgrimes. By Samuel Purchas. Vols. XI. and XII. (Glasgow, MacLehose & Sons.) As frontispiece to vol. xi. of Messrs. MacLehose's noble reprint of Purchas his Pilgrims' appears a facsimile of the title-page to the third part of the original work. The instalment here supplied comprises matter of exceptional interest. A large portion of the eleventh volume consists of a translation of the travels of Marco Polo, apparently the work of Purchas himself. In an address to the reader, p. 306, he complains that "the translation which I had of Master Hakluyt's from the corrupted Latine, being less than nothing (nimirum damno auctus fui), did me no steed. but losse. whiles I would compare it with the Latine, and thought to amend it by the Italian; and was forced at last to reject both Latine and English, and after much vexation to present thee this, as it is, out of Ramusio." Ramusio or Rannusio was the Italian translator of Marco Polo and other travellers. A word-for-word translation was not attempted in English of what is called the worthiest Voyage that perhaps any one man hath written," but "the sense in all things substantiall, with longer Relations than I have admitted in others." Among other noteworthy contents the first place in order belongs to Friar William of Rubruck [Ruysbrook], a thirteenth-century explorer of Tartary. Roger Bacon is given in Latin, as is Sir John Mandeville. Al Hucen's Life of Timour brings in, of course, the life and adventures of Bajazet. Vol. xii. is occupied with China, of which a very interesting account is extracted from the Jesuit missionaries. It is curious, however, to find the Chinese credited with mercy in the infliction of the death penalty. Among the illustrations are maps of Tartary by Hondius and of China by Hondius and Purchas. The King's English. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.) THE authors of this manual have availed themselves of a close familiarity with the New English Dictionary,' so far as that priceless work has extended, to deal with common errors in writing English prose. With that end in view, they illustrate from respectable authorities, literary and journalistic. the errors in style and expression which are of most frequent occurrence. A task of the kind is interminable. While admitting, then, the justice of most of the complaints that are made, we feel that the task is inadequately discharged, and that, though certain offences are severely castigated, others no less common and flagrant escape all censure. Such was, indeed, bound to be the case in what is, after all, an initial and a tentative effort. An arraignment of the work likely to be more generally heard is that it errs in the direction of pedantry, and that a close observance of the rules it imposes would have a tendency to repress individuality and to cramp style. In the case of writers such as Carlyle, Emerson, and George Meredith the use of neologisms is to be expected. Such are of frequent occurrence, and we dare not censure their employment. Let us indicate some of the faults of omission of which we complain. When reference is made (p. 5) to the use in The Times of the phrase "These By manœuvres are by no means new, and their recru descence is hardly calculated to influence the development of events,' it is the latter portion of a phrase vile as a whole that is gibbeted by being printed in italics, while the first half, which is meaningless, is passed over without hostile comment. Why not write "These manoeuvres are not new"? and why substitute "by no means," which conveys in a passive sentence an uncalled-for idea of action?" Can I accomplish a thing?" no means." Here the use of the phrase is intelligible and justifiable. As used by The Times, and by many another periodical, it is wrong. Misquotations are, of course, to be avoided. These are not always to be escaped. Many instances of error are advanced, and innumerable others arrest attention. Recently we noticed a slip on the part of a ripe scholar, who, quoting, as he supposed, from Il Penseroso,' said : His daughter she-in Saturn's time [reign] Such mixture was not held a crime [stain]. Malapropisms are numerous. In some professional evidence in a noted murder case it was said that the body lay prone on the back. "She writes comprehensively enough" is used by Charlotte Brontë for comprehensibly. Perspicuity is commonly used for perspicacity; reverend is not seldom employed when reverent is intended. It is more remarkable to find in reputable journalism mistakes in number between substantive and verb. Such common errors as the ordinary use of Cui bono? are illustrated; the phrase is said to be a notorious trap for journalists. The "spirit of the staircase," employed by Mr. Morley, is almost as bad as to the foot of the letter. "Between you and I," though ordinarily a conversational error, is sometimes written. Reliable is condemned, but it is held to have established itself. Those who respect the language will not allow it to pass without protest. "Those sort" is a colloquialism, the use of which is illustrated from Trollope as well as Corelli. Some curious instances of tautology are cited. "From whence" is not included among them. Apart from the value (often great) of its suggestions, the book constitutes diverting and edifying reading. The Fool of Quality. By Henry Brooke.-Gulliver's Travels, and other Works by Jonathan Swift. (Routledge & Sons.) THESE works are the latest additions to "The Library of Early Novelists." edited for Messrs. Routledge by Mr. E. A. Baker, M.A. Wholly unlike the previous works of the same series is the pious and edifying book first mentioned, which is later in date than most, though not than all, of its predecessors in the list. With it is printed the biographical preface by Charles Kingslev, which did so much to popularize the work in Christian circles. From family sources, which had previously been tapped with no very remunerative result, Mr. Baker has drawn a life of the author more comprehensive and trustworthy than is elsewhere obtainable. During the lifetime of the author The Fool of Quality' was republished by John Wesley (with excisions) as The Life of Henry, Earl of Moreland,' by which name it was best known to us in our boyish days. Not the least part of its charm consists in its mystical piety, derived from Jacob Boehme, which Wesley banished. Among those whom this fine book appears to have impressed is Thackeray, whose Newcomes' seems to owe something to its inspiration. Its perusal is warmly to be commended |