JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. MR. WHEATLEY will find some curious particulars in a pamphlet privately printed about the year 1820: The Life of T. Coutts, Esq., Banker, with Entertaining Anecdotes of his Frst Wife, Betty Starkey, &c. Was not the name of the second wife Malone, and Mellon an assumed name? sigilli Angliæ custos, librum hunc bibliothecæ lished Memoirs of Sir Elijah Impey, Knt. (1846). Cantabrig: dicavit 1574." This specimen is His death was feelingly lamented in a copy of described by its owner as being a woodcut of elegiacs, spoken in the college hall at Westminster, the arms of Bacon quartering Quaplod. The and written by my old friend the Rev. Henry shield is surmounted by a helmet and mantling, Bull, M.A., which may be found in Lusus Alteri above which is the crest, a boar passant charged Westmonasterienses (1867, pars secunda, p. 247), with a crescent, the motto being "Mediocria and is entitled "In Obitum E. Barwell Impey." firma." The other plate is engraved, and represents a chevron vair between three eagles displayed. The crest is an eagle's head or between two wings expanded vair; above are the words, "Sydney Sussex Colledge," and below, "Ex dono Willielmi Willmer de Sywell in com: Northamtoniæ, Armigeri, quondam pentionarii in ista Domo, viz., in an° Dni 1613." The Bacon plate probably dates a little later than 1574, and the Willmer plate somewhat later than 1613. Unfortunately we are without means of ascertaining the exact date at which either was actually engraved, but there can be no doubt that they are by far the earliest dated English book-plates yet brought to light, the Bacon plate dating, in all likelihood, nearly a century before the earliest dated armorial plate heretofore known, MR. GRAY's book-plate of "Franciscus Frampton" being simply રી name ticket." TINY TIM. “BRED AND BORN" (6th S. iv. 68, 275; v. 77, 112). The position of these two words is quite correct. Any progeny must be bred before it is born. Bred is the passive participle of the verb to breed," which has no other meaning than "to generate." The objection to the position in question arises from a confounding of the participle bred with the entirely separate word breeding. This means education or "bringing up," no But the substantive breed (whence the verb "to breed ") means แ race." The common phrase "ill bred," though conventionally used as meaning "badly brought up," really means much more. We cannot dispense with the verb "to breed" or its participle "bred." And as regards the two separate meanings of the words "breed " and "breeding," let me give you both from the same author: doubt. WILLIAM JOHN HARDY. THOMAS COUTTS'S MARRIAGE (6th S. v. 108, 139). MR. PICKFORD and G. F. R. B. have shaken my unfortunate note so vigorously that it presents a somewhat dilapidated appearance. I must plead guilty to the sin of not verifying my references; but at the same time I appeal for mercy to the readers of "N. & Q." My interest in the point raised is caused by the fact that the masquerade took place in St. James's Square, and I lately found an old note to this effect. Unfortunately, when copying out this note I did not, as I ought to have done, look to see if the dates were correct. I do not wish to make light of the blunder; but I may be allowed to say that the question I asked as to where the lines are to be found remains unaffected by the wrong dates, and has not been answered. I hope that some one will be able to give the information I asked for. HENRY B. WHEATLY. There is little doubt of the lines written on this Occasion having owed their origin to the pen of Elijah Barwell Impey, son of the Chief Justice of Bengal. According to a little sketch of his life in Alumni Westmonasterienses (ed. 1852, p. 451), he was elected from Westminster to Christ Church in 1799, and retained his faculty studentship, being unmarried, until his death, which occurred on May 3, 1849. He was the author of a small volume or two of poems, and A Gratulatory Poem, suggested by the Commemoration at Oxford, June 30, 1813, when it may be worth noting that his father's old schoolfellow, Warren Hastings, was created an honorary D.C.L. He also pub "Yet every mother breeds not sons alike." Shakespeare. J. J. AUBERTIN. This order of words is as old as the Iliad, where we read (A. 251) of the two generations that natural order for one who goes back, step by step. τράφεν ἠδ ̓ ἐγένοντο with Nestor, and is the P. J. F. GANTILLON. SIR J. A. PICTON might have quoted— Or in the heart, or in the head," where bred certainly means generated or engendered, and not educatus. I use the Latin word to prevent equivocation. E. COBHAM BREWER. JOHN PARKINSON THE BOTANIST, OF LONDON (2nd S. viii. 495).—At this reference there were inquiries as to this person, especially as to his family. The following notes may be interesting, and may lead to further investigation. He was the author of two works on botany-(1) Paradisi in sole Paradisus Terrestris, published in 1629, and (2) Theatrum Botanicum, published in 1640. In the latter he is styled "John Parkinson, Apothecary of London, and King's Herbalist," These coincidences by no means prove that John Parkinson, the son of William Parkinson, of Eastburne, was the same person as John Parkinson the botanist, but they are very remarkable coincidences if he was not. The arms used by the botanist, and given along with the portrait in the Paradisi, &c. (Gules, on a chevron between three ostrich feathers argent as many mullets sable), are the same as those used by the whole clan of the name in North Lancashire and Craven. They are, however, "differenced" by the botanist by a martlet, indicating a fourth son. This John, the son of William of Eastburne, may have been, since in a meagre pedigree like that given by Dugdale it is by no means certain that all the children in any generation were inserted. The arms given by Dugdale are not those of the family, and were probably temporarily assumed by the member who supplied him with informa tion. PARADISUS IN SOLE. GHOSTS IN NEW ZEALAND: "TAIPO" (6th S. iv. 447).—MR. Waddington has, I think, been led into a slight misapprehension; taipo is the New Zealand term for the evil spirit. The spirits that leap from a promontory near the north Cape of New Zealand have no affinity to water kelpies. They are simply the spirits of the dead quitting this world and journeying into the next. Wairua "soul" would be the proper designation, not taipo="devil.” Turning far from New Zealand to a country whence the Maori doubtless drew his origin, the Malay Peninsula, I have been here assured that lakes exist in the northern inland part of Pahang much frequented by fairies, who sport and dive in the waters, and eat the fish. I should say an advanced type of water kelpies. Singapore. F. A. W. A PROTESTANT INDULGENCE OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (6th S. iv. 464, 514; v. 10).— Added to the previous notes on this subject the following may be of interest, as being recorded in the register book of the parish. On the fly-leaf of the first volume of the registers of Plympton St. Mary, Devon, is written : "Whereas I certainly know that the wife of Edmund Parker of Borington in P'ish of Plympton S. Mary is under such a distemper of bodie that she is not fitt to eat any salt flest or fish whatsoever, Wherefore I think fitt as a Minister of said p'ish, to licence hir to eat flesh during the time of hir sicknesse according to the lawes and statutes of the realme in that behalfe, Given under my hand March 4, 1600, Simon D.C." Also the next : "Memorand. That Mr. John Slanning beinge sicke had a licence, according to the statutes of the case provided, granted to him for eating flesh during the time of his sicknesse. The licence bearing date 5 Novem., 1632. Alexander Mosse." The next extracts are taken from the register book of Yealmpton. They are late instances of church highly educated, must be received with some discipline, and the cause in one case seems allowance? I have never heard the term busapparent : "Memdum, Mary Vicary of the parish of Yealmpton was declared excommunicate Sep. 3, 1727." "Memdum. Mary ye wife of Richard Chissul, her former name Vicary, was restored to ye com'union of y church Feb. 7, 1730." "Memdum. William Smith of the parish of Yealmpton was declared excommunicate November 29, 1739." ARTHUR J. JEWERS F.S.A. Will MR. DEES kindly give quotations from the Acts of Parliament prohibiting the eating of flesh in Lent, and state how long these Acts remained in force? May I also venture to ask what is the meaning of sect. 19, as quoted by Mr. DEES from the Act 5 Eliz. c. 5, in these words: "No licence is to extend to the eating of beef at any time of the year," &c.? Does this mean that beef might be eaten at any time without a licence, even on fish-days, or does it prohibit the eating of beef altogether? Also, is there anything in the Acts of Parliament to compel or authorize butchers to take out a licence to sell meat during Lent, and then only to such persons as should have licences to eat it? I have seen several applications for such butchers' licences, of seventeenth century date, signed by the clergy and other persons of authority in the town or village where the butcher was living. E. The following are taken from the churchwardens' accounts of St. Michael, Coventry : "Couent. Md. A license was granted by Mr. Samuel Bugge, Vicar of S. Michael's and Trinity in Coventry aforesaid, to Mrs. Christian Hales, of the parish of S. Michael aforesaid, to eat flesh (for the preservation and recouery of her health) for eight days after the date thereof, being dated Feb. 28, 1631." "February 3, 1636. Md. This day Rowland Wilson, gent., did put into the poore's box vj. viij. for his lycense to eat flesh on days by law prohibited. "The same day John Wightwicke, Esq., did likewise put into the poore's box vj". viijd. for his like lycense." JOHN ASTLEY. socking applied to the burrowing of fowls in the earth; but the word busking is by no means uncommon, and is recorded by Holloway as used in Norfolk and Suffolk. I have so often noticed gardeners leaving a syllable out or adding one in words of this sort, that I venture to ask is not bussocking only a modification of busking? EDWARD SOLLY. I am much obliged to PROF. SKEAT for his kind reminder of my omission. I have heard the word bussock used several times by my head gardener, who is a native of Suffolk, not far from Eye, but who has been in these parts for many years. EDMUND WATERTON. Deeping Waterton Hall, Market Deeping. THE "CATHOLICON ANGLICUM" (6th S. v. 24, 74).-In the churchwardens' accounts of Kirton-inLindsey, a transcript of which, made by myself, is now before me, the following passage occurs under the year 1630: "To a poore widow, vppon Trenitie sunday, that had a woulfe on her arme, xviijd." This "woulfe" was, I presume, a cancer. I have never heard the word used in that sense by the Lindsey people of the present day. Bottesford Manor, Brigg. EDWARD PEACOCK. DIDO (6th S. v. 88).—By a lapsus calami, which was, I feel sure, too obvious to bring upon me much castigation, in referring to Virgil's anachronism about Dido and Æneas, I inverted the right order, as, of course, the most probable date of the foundation of Carthage was two or three centuries after the most probable date of the Trojan war, so that if Æneas ever was really in Africa it was long before the birth of the hapless Elissa. I cannot help suspecting that the name Dido, like that of King David, is connected with the Hebrew 717 love. Indeed, if Lemprière's account of the Phoenicians giving her that name at her death, from her devotion to the memory of Sichæus, is The vestry records of the ancient church of St. founded upon a tradition with any truth in it, Helen's, Bishopsgate, inform us that Sir Thomas they were surely far more likely to call her Gresham paid the parish, for the poor's box, 6s. 8d." loving" or "loved" woman than "valiant." As for a licence to eat flesh in 1575. 14, Red Lion Passage, W.C. JAMES H. FENNELL. "BUSSOCK" (6th S. v. 86, 117).—In recording peculiar words, it is, I think, not only desirable always to state where they are heard, but also, if possible, from what county the person who uses them comes. It is not in these days of locomotion enough to say, "I heard it in Surrey," when perhaps a little more trouble might lead to the further words, "but the speaker came from Yorkshire." May I suggest that perhaps the spelling of such local words, as gathered from persons not to Stephens connecting it with a word signifying to wander (the Greek λavηris), the idea was new to me till recently, and I wrote to you in scholars have accepted it. the hope of ascertaining whether any Phoenician W. T. LYNN. Blackheath. A TUDOR APPARENTLY UNKNOWN TO GENEALOGISTS (6th S. v. 85).-Queen Catherine, the wife of Owen Tudor, died in 1437, so that her acknowledged son Jasper, Duke of Bedford, must have been at least nineteen years of age at the death of his brother in 1456. I would suggest that this Jasper was the individual referred to by Prof. Thorold Rogers in the Cambridge accounts of 1449; and that consequently the obit of 1456 was for his elder brother Edmund, Earl of Richmond, who died in 1456, the name being wrongly stated. There was also a third son, called Owen, a monk at Westminster. Stephen Gardiner was born in 1483, so that his mother could not have been Queen Catherine's own daughter; she, the supposed mother, was rather daughter to the aforesaid Jasper, Duke of Bedford, which would show this most celebrated bishop to have been great-grandson to Owen Tudor, and second cousin to King Henry VIII. A. HALL. SURREY FOLK-LORE: CANDLEMAS DAY (6th S. v. 106) is more correctly given in rhyme :"As far as the Sun shines in on Candlemas day, So far will the snow blow in afore old May." "DANOTHY HALL" (6th S. v. 8).-The following evidence of a contemporary of Busby, who actually saw his body suspended from the gibbet, will, I feel sure, interest MR. Joy: 66 Along the banks of Swale are the very pleasant gardens of Sir William Robinson, lately Lord Mayor of York, but a few miles after a more doleful object of Mr. Busby hanging in chains, for the murder of his father in-law, Daniel Anty, formerly a Leeds clothier, who, having too little honesty to balance his skill in engraving, &c., was generally suspected for coining, and other indirect ways of attaining that estate which was the occasion of his death, even within sight of his own house.' —Diary of Ralph Thoresby, May 17, 1703, vol. i. p. 425. The letter n in "Anty," as above, is no doubt a typographical error for u. The locale of "Busby Stoop" is near to Sand Hutton, and I have little doubt that if the exact spot where it stood could be ascertained, the remains of the part inserted in the ground would be discovered on digging. There is not a particle visible above the surface of the soil. MR. JOY might also, if he has not done so, refer to Grainge's Vale of Mowbray. F. W. J. Bolton Percy. CHRISTMAS CARDS (6th S. v. 10) were first published and issued from Summerly's Home Treasury Office, 12, Old Bond Street, in the year 1846. The design was drawn by J. C. Horsley, R.A., at the suggestion of Sir Henry Cole, K.C.B., and carried out by De La Rue & Co. WILLIAM PLATT. Callis Court, St. Peter's, Isle of Thanet. A MOTTO FOR A DRINKING CUP (6th S. v. F. G. 109).—" Drink deep or taste not." I beg to suggest to your correspondent the following Irish phrase, viz., "Gra-ma-chree ma cruiskin," "which means, "My heart's love is my little cup." Should he prefer a shorter one, perhaps the Irish word "Slainte," which means "Your health," would suit his taste and his cup. K. J. Ballinrobe. "Vreyheit dogh met Vrees (Flemish). I have two old glass goblets upon which this motto is engraved. I translate it," With freedom yet with moderation." HENRY GODEFROI. A SURREY PROVERB (6th S. iv. 535).—The proverb quoted by your correspondent is given in Ray's Collection of Proverbs in a slightly different form, "A light Christmas a heavy sheaf." He does not appropriate it to any special locality. Apropos of the subject of proverbs relating to Christmas there is a proverb about Christmas Days falling on a Sunday : "If Christmas Day on a Sunday fall, A troublous winter we shall have all." There are some more lines, I believe, but these are all I can remember. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. GUERNSEY FOLK-LORE (6th S. iv. 535).—Having from my earliest youth had my attention directed to the folk-lore of my native island, I can safely say that the early chapters of Victor Hugo's Travailleurs de la Mer are not in any way to be relied on as giving anything like a correct view of the popular superstitions of Guernsey. Many of the lower classes, like those of all other parts of Europe, still believe in ghosts, haunted houses, witchcraft, omens, charms, &c.; but I can venture to say, without fear of contradiction, that no fisherman on our coast knows anything of St. Maclou in connexion with the remarkable mass of rock known by the name of "Ortach," or has ever heard of "le Roi des Auxcriniers"; nor could any of our peasantry tell what is meant by the word marcou.' As to the assertion that the last execution for witchcraft by burning took place in 1747, it is totally devoid of truth, nothing of the kind having occurred since the reign of James I. Considering that the talented author's residence in Guernsey extended over ten years, it is surprising BESSELS OF BESSELSLEIGH, CO. BERKS (6th S. iv. 537).-Mention of Bessels is made in the Berks Visitation for 1566. (See at Brit. Mus. Harleian MS. 1139, fol. 110.) Richard Fetiplace married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of William Bessels, and thus came into the Bessels Leigh property in the reign of Henry VII. (See Clarke's Hundred of Wantage and the Visitation of Berks for 1566). The arms of Bessels are, argent, three torteaux 2 and 1. Lysons, in his History of Berks, p. 240, says :— this impost into Ireland was by the statutes 14 & 15 Car. II. c. 17, and 17 & 18 Car. 11. c. 18, by which a duty of 2s. for each fire-hearth, &c., yearly, was granted to the Crown in lieu of the Court of Wards; but when Mr. Howard made this remark, he was probably not aware that, so far back as the 10 Rich. II. a mandate was issued by the Lord Lieutenant to appoint collectors within the county of Kildare, &c., to levy the money called smoke-silver, namely, one halfpenny from every house wherefrom smoke arises for the wages of watchDublin, and John Fitzwilliam, junior, keepers of the men.' And in the same year Richard Talbot, sheriff of peace in that county, and Reginald Blakeburn, were directed to appoint watchmen (vigilatores) to make vigils as well by day as by night, wherever necessary, for the safety of the marches, and also to levy 'smokentries appearing in the same records show that this sylver' for the payment of their wages. Subsequent tax was levied up to the time of Hen. IV.” G. F. R. B. "WONDER" AS AN ADVERB (6th S. v. 9).— 'Besils-Legh, in the Hundred of Hormer and Deanery of Abingdon, lies about five miles to the south-west of Oxford on the road to Faringdon. The manor belonged anciently to the family of Legh, from whom it passed by Are not these lines in Chaucer's Dream? a female heir to that of Besils. On the death of William According to the Visitation and Clarke it was LISLE WHITAKER (6th S. iv. 538).-It may be as well to note that John Lisle never was Lord Chancellor of England. He was one of the joint Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal in the time of Cromwell's Protectorate, but was best known as Major Lisle. W. E. B. HERMENTRUDE. In the ballad of the "Battle of Babrinnes "They war not manie men of weir, Aberdeen. NORVAL CLYNE. The following are instances of wonder used as an adverb in the sixteenth century : "These tidings liketh me wonder well, Hyckescorner, Dodsley's Old E. Plays, vol. i. But, sirs, now I am nineteen winter old, I wis, I wax wonder bold." The World and the Child, 1522, ibid., p. 248. "Wonder wide walketh my fame." Ibid., p. 252. For still earlier instances consult Dr. Stratmann's Dict. of Old English. Is it not probable that woundy very may be a corruption of this word used as an adverb ? F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. Cardiff. by HEARTH MONEY AND SMOKE-SILVER (2nd S. v. 172; 3rd S. i. 367, 420; 4th S. vi. 114, 476, 568, 581; vii. 112)-A list of allowances craved for hearth money for the king's castles, forts, &c, the farmers of the Customs in the year 1676 is given in the third volume of the Topographer and Genealogist, p. 141. To this list, which is taken from one of the records of the Irish Exchequer, is added a very interesting note on the subject of "Hearth Money," by J. F. F. Part of this note I transcribe below, for the benefit of the readers of "N. & Q.": "So early as the Conquest mention is made in Domesday Book of Fumage (vulgarly called smoke-farthings), which was paid by custom to the King for every chimney in the house. It is stated by Mr. Howard, in his work on the Irish Exchequer, that the introduction of PUNISHMENT FOR HIGH TREASON, TEMP. OLIVER CROMWELL (6th S. v. ANON.'s attention to the following quotation from 9). I beg to draw Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, p. 73, vol. vi., Oxford, 1849, by which he will see that his supposition relative to Cromwell is not correct : "For besides the two before mentioned (Sir H. Slingsby and Dr. Hewett) to whom they granted the favour to be beheaded, there were three others, Colonel Ashton, Stacey, and Betheley, who were condemned by the same Court, who were treated with more severity, and were hanged, drawn, and quartered with the utmost rigour in several great streets in the City to make the deeper |