66 in MS. to "Smalridge"-perhaps Philip Smalridge, elected from Westminster to Christ Church in 1717, and a son of George Smalridge, Bishop of Bristol; or they might have been written by the bishop when a student of the house." A Latin note at p. 91 observes: "Clusius campana magna Ed. Christi, cujus pulsatione hora nona denuntiatur, et ad Collegia propria se recipere tenentur Academici." The other poem at p. 142 mentions that Great Tom, or "Clusius as he is styled, was dumb temporarily, owing to an accident, "Propter fractum campanæ malleum," and that revelry in taverns in the city was consequently indulged in, as he could not discharge his office. In Musc Anglicana, MDCCXLI., editio quinta, vol. i. pp. 261265, is a poem in Latin hexameters, "In Thomam Clusium," on the recasting of this bell, written by Tho. Spark," Ed. Christ. Alumnus." He was a scholar of considerable eminence in his day, was elected from Westminster to Christ Church in 1672, and in all probability was the author of "Passer" in vol. i. pp. 11-12 of the same book, as it is subscribed "T. S., Edis Christi Alumnus." It is worth noticing that on Thursday, May 11, 1882, "Great Paul," the bell cast at Loughborough by Messrs. Taylor for St. Paul's Cathedral, was removed to London on a trolly weighing two tons, drawn by two traction engines. The weight of the bell is said to be somewhat under seventeen JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. tons. mortuus," I became a dead man. The difference is striking, and full of teaching. Our Lord not only went through the act which we know as dying, but entered into all the conditions of a dead man-a corpse (corruption of course excepted), and was thus "in all points made like unto his brethren." This distinction between the act and the state, though expressed in the wording of our English Creed, is too often overlooked. It deserves notice that "mortuus" is not found in the earliest forms of the Apostles' Creed, which merely have "crucifixus sub Pontio Pilato, et sepultus." EDMUND VENABLES. Lincoln. THE "BRITISH AMAZON" (6th S. iii. 9, 113).— In my collection of portraits of women who personated men are the following soldiers and sailors: infested the West Indies and the Spanish Main Mary Read and Anne Bonney, pirates who towards the close of the seventeenth century. Yorkshire Nan (Prince George's Cupwoman), a had previously made five voyages as a sailor. servant in the household of Queen Anne, but who horseback), served in the Inniskilling Dragoons Christian Davis, otherwise Mother Ross (on and Scots Greys at Blenheim and Ramilies. Died July 9, 1739. frigate, 1740. She is represented holding a sword Ann Mills, who served on board the Maidstone in one hand and a Frenchman's head in the other. Hannah Snell, born at Worcester, 1723, mezzotint by J. Young, engraver to the Prince of Wales, published Dec. 12, 1789. Another picture represents "Hannah Snell's rencontre with the landlord." There is a portrait and memoir of this "British Amazon" in the Gentleman's Magazine for July, 1750: "Hannah in breeks behav'd so well That none her softer sex could tell." Mary Ann Talbot, "who served several years in his Majesty's service by sea and land in the name of John Taylor." Died Feb. 4, 1808, aged thirty years. Four different portraits, in one of which she is resisting a press-gang. In connexion with the subject it may be mentioned that, during the contest between Charles and the Parliament, Charlotte de la Trémouille, Countess of Derby, and Lady Arundell of Wardour fought on the king's side, i.e., they personally defended Lathom House and Wardour Castle against the Parliamentary forces. WILLIAM RAYNER. 133, Blenheim Crescent, Notting Hill. iii. 144, 297; iv. 90, 118, 151.] [See "Female Soldiers and Sailors," "N. & Q.," 6th S. SEAFIELD CASTLE (6th S. iv. 429, 538).—MR. CARMICHAEL'S reply to my query, though interesting, furnishes items already contained in a MS. in my possession, entitled "Genealogical Collection, family of Moutray." Seafield is indexed in the Sydney, N.S. Wales. SILHOUETTES, OR BLACK PROFILE PORTRAITS (6th S. v. 308, 393).-These were common enough fifty years ago, and formed one of the attractions of Madame Tussaud's Exhibition, as shown by the following: "J. P. Tussaud (son of Madame T.) respectfully informs the Nobility, Gentry, and the Public in general, that he has a Machine by which he takes Profile Likenesses. Price 28. to 7s., according to style."-Biographical and Descriptive Sketches of the Whole-Length Composition Figures and other Works of Art forming the "Unrivalled Collection of Madame Tussaud, &c., Birmingham, Printed by R. Wroghtson, New Street, 1823 (pp. 40). I re These pictures were not limited to portraits nor member, went to work in a more scientific manner: FUNERAL ARMOUR IN CHURCHES (5th S. ix. 429; x. 11, 73, 129, 152, 199, 276, 317; xi. 73, 178, 252, 375, 457; xii. 155; 6th S. i. 446; ii. 218, 477; iv. 38, 256, 314; v. 58, 177, 217, 358). In the church of Husborne-Crawley, Bedfordshire, is an elaborate tomb to the memory of John Thomson, Esq., who died in 1597; over, or attached to, this tomb were some pieces of funeral armour, which are now packed away in an ancient parish chest standing under the tower. THOMAS NORTH. RELIGIOUS NOVELS (6th S. v. 108, 195, 376).— Since my last note was written I have lighted upon a much earlier instance of the use of the term "religious novel," and by no less a person than the English proto-novelist Samuel Richardson. In a letter to Lady Braidshaigh (who corresponded with him under the assumed name of Belfour) Richardson writes, referring to his Clarissa, then in course of publication: "Religion never was at so low an ebb as at present. And if my work must be supposed of the novel kind, I was willing to try if a religious novel would do good." The date of this letter is October 6, 1748 (see The Correspondence of Samuel Richardson, selected from the Original MSS. bequeathed by him to his Family, with Observations on his Writings by Anna Lætitia Barbauld, in six volumes, London, 1804). The letter referred to above will be found in vol. iv., p. 187. W. R. TATE, Horsell, Woking. I remember very well the automaton that professed to draw silhouettes. Somewhere about 1826 the automaton was brought to Newcastle; it was a figure seated in flowing robes, with a style in the right hand, which by machinery scratched an outline of a profile on a card, which the exhibitor THE YARDLEYS OF ENGLAND (6th S. v. 27, 172, professed to fill up in black. The person whose 377).-Is J. LE B. quite sure that the dates should likeness was to be taken sat at one side of the not be 1623 and 1633? The church itself was defigure near a wall. One of our party detected an stroyed in the great fire and rebuilt by Sir Christoopening in the wall through which a man's eye pher Wren, so the original stone must be destroyed; was visible. This man, no doubt, drew the profile, but the style of epitaph is so like the Stuart period, and not the automaton. Ladies' heads were relieved and so thoroughly unlike the Tudor, that the date by pencillings of gold. Another performer, I re-given seems to need confirmation. P. P. "BEDWARDINE" (6th S. v. 208, 338).-Most of the river names of England are of Keltic origin, but Keltic compounds are principally confined to Wales and Cornwall. Wardine is probably from Med. Lat. guardianus. The word is found in other names, as Carwardine, Chiswardine, Shilwardine, Shrawardine. R. S. CHARNOCK. "MUCH" AND "GREAT" (6th S. v. 88,355). Bóca Chica does not signify great, but little, mouth. R. S. CHARNOCK. CHARLES LAMB AND CARLYLE (6th S. v. 382). -Carlyle is under a cloud just now; his candid friend has placed him under it, and evidently means to keep him there. But he will shine out again in due time; and meanwhile those who, like MR. T. WESTWOOD, are very naturally angry at what he says of Charles Lamb, will do well to see how justly and wisely the Rev. Alfred Ainger, in his new monograph on Lamb, has dealt with those words of Carlyle that have given such offence. A. J. M. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (6th S. v. 409). "Vidi ego, qui, lætis rerum successibus utens, Tollebat tumidum stultus ad astra caput," &c. This is from Jac. Billii Poëmata, pp. 525-6 (Delitt. Poelt. Gallorum, Off. J. Rosa, Francof. 1609), with the title, "Quam vana sit omnis impii prosperitas." The two following lines precede the line commencing "Vix ego transieram," &c.: "O sævas hominum mentes! o pectora cæca! Quam nihil est, magni, quicquid hic orbis habet!" Miscellaneous. ED. MARSHALL. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Michel Le Tellier, son Administration comme Intendant d'Armée en Piémont (1640-1643). Manuscrits Inédits de la Bibliothèque Nationale, Copies du Temps. Par N. L. Caron. (Paris, Pedone-Lauriel.) WE have to thank M. Caron for a very valuable contribution to the history of the French administration during the seventeenth century. It is a subject upon which much has already been written, but respecting which we still know little, except, however, in the department of finances, so thoroughly elucidated by the Îate M. Pierre Clément (Histoire de la Vie et de l'Administration de Colbert. Lettres et Mémoires de Colbert) and by M. Boislisle (Correspondance des Contrôleurs Généraux des Finances, Mémoire sur l'Etat de la Géné ralité de Paris). Michel Le Tellier, whose official letters are in part now given to the public, had already occupied several important posts under government when he was appointed intendant of the French army sent to Italy. Let us quote here a fragment from M. Caron's brilliant introduction:-"The Thirty Years' War was being actively carried on, France having for its adversaries Austria and Spain. Masters of the Netherlands, FrancheComté, and Roussillon, the Spaniards thus surrounded France on three sides, whilst their occupation of Naples and Milan virtually gave them possession of Italy. Victor Amadeus I., Duke of Savoy, who had married a sister of Louis XIII., was a clever prince, but a doubtful ally. By the Treaty of Cherasco, which Mazarin ne gotiated in 1629, France, whose intentions were by no means disinterested, had established its influence in Italy. Victor Amadeus had given over to his brotherin-law the fortress of Pignerol, together with free access through the passes of the Alps; but by his intrigues, as well as by his want of activity, he thwarted the plans of Louis XIII. His unforeseen death luckily put an end to this troublesome predicament. He expired on the 7th of October, 1637. His brothers, Cardinal Maurice of Savoy and Prince Thomas of Carignan, claimed the regency, aiming at supplanting the duchess-dowager, who had been left guardian of the young duke, only four years old; and with the view of strengthening their pretensions, they asked the support of the court of Madrid. The regent would have fain preserved a strict neutrality, according to the advice which her late husband had given her; but she was obliged to choose between the contending parties, and in order to get rid of the Spaniards, who had already invaded her dominions, she signed on the 3rd of June, 1638, an offensive and defensive Henri de Lorraine-Elbeuf, Count treaty with France. d'Harcourt, received the command of the French forces in Italy, in the stead of Cardinal de La Valette. He moved immediately to the relief of Casal, besieged by the Marquis de Leganez, governor of Milanese. The Spaniards lost their artillery, saw their lines forced, and were obliged to retire (April 29, 1640). Following up his success, the French general immediately marched upon Turin, but, pursued by Leganez, he found himself in a somewhat difficult position. His coolness and perseverance, however, intimidated the Spanish commander, who dared not attack him, and Turin capitulated on the 24th of September. It was then that Michel Le Tellier arrived in Italy as intendant (administrator) of the French forces." The scene being thus opened and the surrounding circumstances explained, M. Caron describes in his preliminary disquisition the whole character of Le Tellier's administration, and shows him winning the golden opinions of his employers, thanks to his undoubted capacity, the opportuneness of his reforms, and the unflinching determination he made of cutting down all abuses. It is a curious coincidence that whilst our author, having devoted all his attention to the history of what we may call the army commissariat in France, was studying Le Tellier from that point of view exclusively, another distinguished writer, Lieut.-Colonel Jung, was busily collecting materials for an exhaustive biography of the statesman, following him through the various offices he held and the various posts he occupied, till, in his quality as Chancellor of France, he signed the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. M. Caron's volume, therefore, treats only of one episode, and the briefest, perhaps, in Le Tellier's life. It can be read quite independently of Lieut.-Colonel Jung's opus magnum, when that is published. The correspondence edited and annotated by M. Caron extends over two years and five months, and comprises two hundred letters. It may be regarded as illustrating the historical introduction, which, from the variety of the topics brought under our notice, is certainly not open to the charge of being either dull or dry. One or two points may be adduced here by way of illustration. In the first place, although the military administration of the seventeenth century in France was very different from what it is now, yet they both have a common origin, and the perusal of Le Tellier's correspondence shows conclusively that the system adopted two centuries ago contained the germ of the present order of things. Napoleon improved, no doubt, to a prodigious extent the organization which he found at his disposal, but he worked, so to say, on the foundations laid in the days of Louis XIV. Another fact worth noticing is this: the appointment of civilians as army administrators is of a much earlier date than the reign of the grand monarque-it coincides with the Hundred Years' War, and we find it alluded to in an edict of King John bearing date 1355. M. Caron traces the progress of army administration up to our own day, showing that the substitution of the military for the civilian element in that branch of the service-a substitution introduced by the law of September 18, 1822-has been productive of unsatisfactory results. M. Caron gives us a long list of the duties which an intendant had to discharge. They required a man of extraordinary parts and of consummate judgment. Let us add that, the relative positions of the general on the one side and the administrator on the other not being then absolutely defined, everything was left to the tact and sagacity of the latter. In one document he is recommended to humour a little the superior officers, who are not the most tractable persons in the world; in another he is urged to "insinuate himself as gently as possible in the good graces of Count d'Harcourt." Cold, impassible, he must uniformly be satisfied with an apparently subordinate position, and never notice those contemptuous and offensive expressions which soldiers are apt to indulge in. Modesty and humility are his indispensable qualities, perfectly compatible with the most unflinching resolution and the most undaunted perseverance. Le Tellier's habitual correspondents were Mazarin, Sublet Des Noyers, and Bullion. It will be noticed that the greater part of the letters, instead of being exclusively reserved to the discussion of one point, introduce a number of topics, thus assuming often the character of gazettes rather than of dry official documents. The Visions of England. By Francis T. Palgrave. (Macmillan & Co.) MR. PALGRAVE's intention, as he tells us in his preface, has been to give "a series of lyrical pictures of such leading or typical characters and scenes in English history as have seemed to him amenable to a strictly poetical treatment." Looking to the richness and variety of the record, this is no small endeavour. Such a task would seem to need something more than the changes of one voice; it requires the natural diversities of a choir. Hardly could the greatest of our living poets have sufficed to the duty; and it is no wonder that Mr. Palgrave has not succeeded. We desire to speak with every respect of his attempt-an attempt not, as we gather, hurriedly or inconsiderately undertaken; we admire his courage, his learning, his industry; but, unhappily, we remain wholly unmoved before his recital of some of the most moving passages in our "island story." Where are the words volitare per ora virum! Where are the songs that should stir us "more than with a trumpet"? Remembering the grand passage in Evelyn's Diary, we look anxiously at "Whitehall Gallery," and Mr. Palgrave has nothing to give us on that theme but a few stiffly constructed stanzas that convey no "lyrical picture" at all; while we turn from "Wolfe at Quebec" with a kind of sadness that the author should for a moment think that the verse in which he has paraphrased the words of that "plain gallant man was worth printing by the side of them. According to Lord Mahon, Wolfe repeated Gray's Elegy in a low voice to the officers in the boat with him, and added at the close, "Now, gentlemen, I would rather be the author of that poem than take Quebec." According to Mr. Palgrave, he expressed himself thus: "O Fame, Fame of duty accomplish'd and pride of the fight, Who in music givest thy soul, a sweetness softer than JOSEPH LEMUEL CHESTER.-In continuation of your obituary notice of Col. Chester in last week's "N. & Q.," may I draw attention to one subject which you have and patient researches into the pedigree of George I mean his long omitted specially to mention? Washington. The scrupulous care with which he investigated it-taking nothing for granted, but exacting precise documentary proof of every detail-was beyond all praise. Latterly he began to despair of ever finding the one missing link, the actual emigrant. Working par voie d'exclusion, he had shown who was not the emigrant; had life been spared, even the missing link might have been discovered. Only those who were personally acquainted with Col. Chester could appreciate his nature, his willingness to help his friends in their geneafirm and lasting friendship, his kind and affectionate logical inquiries, and the readiness with which he communicated information on any points of historical interest. On both sides of the Atlantic he will be deeply mourned. J. DIXON. MR. CHARLES WELSH is preparing for publication (Griffith & Farran) A Bookseller of the last Century, being some account of the life of John Newbery, and of the books he published, with a chapter on the later Newberys. SIR JOHN MACLEAN, F.S. A., is about to edit The Annals of Chepstow Castle, from the MS. left by the late Mr. John Fitchett Marsh. The work will be sent to press as soon as a sufficient number of subscribers shall have been obtained. Applications are to be addressed to Sir John Maclean, Bicknor Court, Coleford, Gloucestershire. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notice: ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. P. Z. ROUND ("Could ye come back to me, Douglas, Douglas ").-See "N. & Q.," 6th S. i. 196, 227. The words have been set to music. 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