the gravity of a matron, and the sweetness of childhood, mingled with the bashfulness of youth.

Ab, how she hung upon her father's neck! With what affection and modesty she embraced us, his friends! How she delighted her nurses, teachers and preceptors in their various duties! How diligently and intelligently she studied; how little and how cautiously she played! With what cheerfulness, patience, and even courage, she bore her last sickness! She was thankful to her physicians, exhorted her sister and her father to keep courage, and supported her debilitated frame by the strength of her mind. This she retained till the last extremity-not being overcome either by the long continuance of her sickness, or by the fear of death, by which she has left us the greater reasons for regret and sorrow.

Oh, sad and mournful funeral, and day most untimely for dying! She was already be trothed to a noble youth, the nuptial day was appointed, and we had been invited. What joy was exchanged for what grief! I cannot describe, in words, what a wound I received in my soul, when I heard Fundanus himself give command, while overwhelmed by grief, that what was to have been expended for dresses, pearls and gems, should be sent to purchase incense, ointments, and perfumes.

JUVENILE DEPARTMENT.

Edward and his Friends.

Gold Mines." Boys, we have gold in our country," said Edward's teacher to him and James one day; "and in some places in Virginia and North Carolina, they have picked up large lumps now and then. But you must never be foolish enough to go there to look for it. Many a man set off from distant places, when the news was told that there were gold mines there. They would sell their houses or farms, their horses or cows, and pay the money for travelling, expecting to get enough gold to make up for it in a short time.

But they ought to have learned, before they set out, some of the things I am now going to tell you. First, they may dig a week or two, and not get any good gold ore or sand; and where are they to get food and lodging all that time? Then they must have quick

silver and troughs, and find a good supply of water all convenient; and they must find somebody to help them do the work. Now perhaps one man in a dozen may find so much gold that he can pay for all these things, and have enough left to pay his passage home, and even to lay up besides. But most of them have found, at the end of a month or year, that they might have made and kept more money, if they had staid at home, and worked in their fields and gardens, or attended to their

stores.

"The fact is, there are few places where gold lies in the ground abundantly enough to pay for getting it; and this is so true in South America, too, that the people there have a proverb, which says:

"He that digs for iron will make money; he that digs for silver may gain or lose; but he that digs for gold will surely die a beggar."

The boys were much interested with this conversation; and afterwards heard more about gold mines, and the manufacture of gold. Such stories the parents of many of our young readers probably can tell, if their children only inquire, with a desire to learn.

"Why, there goes old Jeffrey !" said Edward. "You know, James, he lives in that old hovel down here. If one of his children should be sick with the scarlet fever, and have it badly, he would want medicine, but he could not pay as much as the doctors ask for it, and he would hear that I sold cheap. He would come to me-he could afford to pay half a dollar, and I would give it to him, and so his child would be cured all for half a dollar."

This seemed so certain a way to make money, that Edward set off immediately to go down stairs and tell of it; for he thought it a very ingenious plan, and it seemed to him wonderful that he had not thought of it before. But, when his father heard it, he smiled, shook his head, and told him that men did not make such calculations. There were too many ways in which he might fail to get Jeffrey for a customer.

"But, father," said he, "if his child is sick, he must want calomin for it."

"Calomel, you mean," replied his father. "Yes, he will probably want some." But perhaps it will not be sick; or, if it is, Jeffrey may not know that you have any to sell."

"But somebody, I think, would tell him

of it," said the little boy; "at any rate, he must know it soon, for people find out who have things to sell cheaper than others."

The boys soon went up stairs again to their apothecary shop, and began to put things again in order, and make, weigh, and tie up mixtures, and write and put on new labels, amusing themselves all the while with conversation about what they knew and what they wanted to know; and so not only spent their time pleasantly, but added a little to their knowledge, and, what their parents thought very important, found themselves content without playing in the street, where they might have been exposed to companions, whose example might have done them an injury.

MINERALS-No. 9. Sulphur.

I have described some of the most common minerals, and might mention many more which are usually mentioned in books; but I think it will be best to tell you next about the combustibles or burning stones.

These are very important, not only for the uses made of them by men, but on account of their being mixed with other minerals and substances of different kinds. It may seem very strange, when I tell you that there is charcoal in the air we breathe, in water, in all the grass, flowers, bushes and trees, and in our flesh, as well as in many stones, particularly chalk and marble. Rice and flour have a great deal of charcoal in them. But they are white, you will say, and charcoal is black. Charcoal is black when pure; but, when mixed with other things, it often has different colors. You must not judge too much by colors. That is one of the things we first learn from chemistry. If you want to see whether there is charcoal in bread, all you have to do is to toast it black. Sulphur is in all flesh, and phosphorus in bones.

Sulphur.-This mineral is yellow, light, brittle, and gives a strong, disagreeable smell when warmed. It melts and burns easily. It is seldom found pure, except near volcanoes, where the heat has raised it in vapor, and it has cooled again. When thus condensed, it sometimes crystalizes beautifully.

When burned, it mixes with oxygen gas, and forms acids; and these easily join with lime, clay, metals, &c. and form stones and ores, called Sulphates or Sulphites of those

substances. Suphur is often found combined with iron, copper, zinc, lead, &c. and then makes the important and beautiful ores called Sulphurets.

Near Naples, in Italy, I saw an old house smoking at the windows and doors, as if on fire. I found it was built over a hole where sulphur vapors are driven out, by fire under ground. The sulphur is cooled, and sticks to the walls. It is then taken off, melted, and poured into moulds, and makes roll-brim

stone.

MISCELLANEOUS.

FOUNTAIN OF VICE.-Mothers, if you would train up your children to be useful members of society, keep them from runnng about the streets. The great school of juvenile vice is the street. There the urchin learns the vulgar oath, or the putrid obscenity. For one lesson at the fireside, he has a dozen in the kennel. Thus are scattered the seeds of falsehood, gambling, theft and violence. Mothers, as you love your own flesh and blood, make your children cling to the hearth-stone. Love home yourself; sink the roots deep among your domestic treasures; set an example in this, as in all things, which your offspring may follow. It is a great error, that children may be left to run wild in every sort of street temptation, for several years, and that it then will be time enough to break them in. This horrid mistake makes half our spendthrifts, gamblers, thieves and drunkards. No man would raise a colt or an ox on such a principle; no man would suffer the weeds to grow in his garden for any length of time, saying he could eradicate them at any time. Look to this matter, parents; see, more especially, that your children are not out at night, loitering around some coffee-house. Mothers, make your chil dren love home, and by all means encourage them to love you better than all other human beings.-Quincy Herald.

THE IRON DISTRICT.-The iron district, which spreads through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Western Virginia, traverses regions exuberant with coal, and abounding in water power; and, travelling further westward, we find in Ohio, Kentucky, and particularly in Missouri, immense stores of metaliferous wealth, adjacent to the most fertile agricultural districts. It is to Pennsylvania, however, we must chiefly direct our attention, where

two-fifths of all the iron in the United States contain 70,000 square miles of coal, which is about sixteen times as great as the coal measures of Europe. A single one of these gigantic masses runs from Pennsylvania to Alabama, and must embrace, itself, 50,000 square miles. Out of fifty counties of Pennsylvania, no less than thirty have coal and iron; while all of Great Britain and Ireland have only 2000. Pennsylvania alone has an area of coal and iron five times as great as that of Great Britain, and they have the advantage of lying near the water level; while those of the latter country are more than one thousand feet below the surface, and are excavated through subterranean passages.

Hunt's Magazine.

MAMMOTH LEAD CAVE.-From the Republican we learn that the proprietors of the Lead Cave, in Jefferson County, Mo., who resided in this city, gave about $25,000 for it. The cave is 75 feet in length; the ceiling is lead mineral, and several hundred thousand pounds of mineral are in sight. Under disadvantageous circumstances, ten hands have raised 320 to 400,000 pounds of mineral in the last three months. One furnace has been erected and another is in progress. The appearances indicate abundance of mineral in every direction. Every day continues to develope the great mineral wealth of Missouri.

St. Louis New Era.

The Locust.

Messrs. Gales & Seaton:-The seventeenyear locusts will appear this year in the northern part of South Carolina, bordering upon that State-say in Spartanburg district, South Carolina, and Rutherford county, North Carolina. The district of country in which they will appear is probably very large, embracing several counties in each State. The object of this note is to request the newspapers, in that part of the country, to notice their ap pearance and the extent of country occupied by them, and send me a copy of their papers containing such notices. All postmasters will also oblige me much by giving me such information. It is most likely that other portions of our extended country may be visited by the locusts this year. I wish to make my history of this insect as perfect as possible, and have no other means of obtaining the information required than those now resorted to. I have already twenty-six distinct districts, all separate, and have proof that in each they appear every seventeenth year. All other particulars of their natural history have been completed.

Editors friendly to the development of this

It appears from the above, the average weight of these eleven distinguished revolutionary officers was 214 pounds, the heavi est weight having been General Knox, who who weighed 280 pounds. It is somewhat singular that the biographers of eminent men never, unless under circumstances of a peculiar character, record the weight or dimensions of the clay tenements which were the abodes of their immortal spirits.

The St. Louis Republican states that a bed of lead ore has recently been discovered in Hardin county, Illinois, on the Ohio, about 90 miles above the mouth, which promises to be equal, if not superior to any vein yet discovered in this country; probably greater than any before discovered in the world. The vein as it presents itself, is of usual width, and extends for a considerable distance, and terminates in a range of hills.

Increased Speed on English Railroads.--A late London paper announces that trains will shortly be started to accomplish the distance between Liverpool and London, 201 miles, in six hours, being at the rate of 34 miles an hour. The Great Westen already makes the distance between London and Bristol, 113 miles, in four hours. The Brighton also runs at an accelerated pace; and in short the London and Birmingham cars will travel be tween London and Birmingham in three hours.

It is proposed also to reduce the rates of fare at the time when the intended acceleration of speed commences.

THE APRIL FREEZE.-The "cold snap" of the last month, which fell upon our fruitage and vegetation like a plague-spot, was attended with some singular phenomena, which, we confess, we cannot explain. It is evident that the frost did not congeal in the usual manner, but ascended from the earth, as is proved to demonstration by the fact that, in

hundreds of instances, the bottom limbs of fruit-trees were entirely blighted and despoiled of their foliage, while the topmost brauches were uninjured. A gentleman informs us that, in the upper counties, where the hills rise almost to the dignity of mountains, there is to be seen a complete line of demarcation, indicating the height to which the effects of the frost extended-the upper part of them exhibiting no evidence at all of the freeze. Can anybody explain the rationale of this? Raleigh Register.

CHICKENS-The following item on raising chickens we find in the Southern Planter, which we consider not out of place at the present time, as spring has come and so have chickens. "We are fond of the article,' particularly when fried; if any one doubts it let him try us-say with two dozen for a subscription to our paper.

6

"Have a lot of sufficient size enclosed, so as to keep your chickens in it, and keep it regularly plouged up, to prevent any grass at all from growing in the yard; set some little forks in the ground, about one foot high; lay some poles across them, upon which lay some brush; it makes a fine harbor for the chickens; they run under from the hawks, and go under them frequently to enjoy the shade. By keeping the ground ploughed up, the chickens never have the disease called the gapes, which I have seen thousands die with. They should be fed upon dough which is made up with buttermilk, and sometimes grease may be put in with advantage. I have no doubt but the same plan would be equally as good for turkeys when young. Ducks

and young geese require grass to feed on; it is said that there is a very fine worm, not larger than a thread, in the grass, which the young fowls get in their throats, and which is the cause of the gapes; in other cases, it is said to be occasioned by the dew or wet grass after rains."

Sour Springs.

There have recently been discovered, about two miles from Alabama Centre, Genesee co., several springs, the waters of which are acidulous to the degree of ordinary lemonade.

The manner of their discovery is somewhat singular. Ever since the first settlement of the country, a small circular mound, about four rods in diameter, had been well known by hunters and trappers as the resort of bears, and a great many had been trapped upon the mound. It is situated in low, blackash land, near the Oak Orchard Creek, and is raised about four feet above the surrounding land. The mound had been a fruitful cource of speculation as to the cause of its forma

tion some supposed it to be the work of the Indians; others supposed it might contain treasures. It was perfectly dry, and no appearance of any water in it. Two years ago, some of the inhabitants had the curiosity to dig into the centre of it, and after penetrating some three freet, the water gushed up, and has remained ever since. The general opinion now is, that this large mound has been thrown up by the action of the water in the spring. Since the main spring was discovered, several others have been found in the vicinity, in smaller mounds, besides a gas and a white sulphur spring. The waters are, upon the whole, palatable-and particularly the one which has recently been discovered. Prof. Hadley, of Geneva College, it is said, has made a slight analysis of the water, and found it to contain free sulphuric acid. It also contains sulphur, and probably iron, combined with many other properties.

The waters are said to be used with great success by dyspeptics and for affections of the skin; indeed, it has been known to cure saltrheum, of long standing, by only washing in the water a few times; it is also said to cure inflamed sore eyes. In short, if they possess half the curative properties which are attributed to them by persons residing in the neighborhood, they are invaluable.

Niagara Courier.

FOREIGN MISCELLANY.

Queen Victoria, on a visit to the Great Britain steam-ship just previous to its departure, addressed Captain Hosken, and said: "I am very much gratified with the sight of your magnificent ship, and I wish you every possible success in your voyages across the Atlantic."

A most dreadful accident has occurred at Yarmouth. Mr. Nelson, the clown belonging to Mr. Cook's Circus, announced the performance of being drawn by four geese in the North River. The suspension bridge crosses this river, and over 500 people were on the bridge, when, horrible to relate, between five and six o'clock, the bridge fell in. It is reported that 100 to 150 persons perished.

Revenue of English Railways —The aggregate receipts from traffic since the 1st of January last, on the principal public railways, amounts, in round numbers, to £1,210,000, whilst last year it only reached £1,054,000 at the same period-being an increase of £156,000 on the quarter.

The following paragraph, relative to the Oregon dispute, appears in Galignani's Messenger: "Those who have not yet visited General Tom Thumb, are advised to take the earliest possible opportunity, as we learn, not without some alarm as well as regret, that the new President of the United States has signified to the General that his services will be required at home, in case of a rupture with England!"

A sad accident occurred on the Ashton branch of the Sheffield and Manchester Railway on the 19th. Nine of the great arches fell in, and buried a number of persons in the mines. From 18 to 20 persons were killed. The arches formed the viaduct over the river Thames, and the span of each was 30 feet.

The Allegemeine Zeitung states that Julie, Countess de Survilliers, widow of Joseph Bonaparte and formerly Queen of Spain, died at Florence on the 7th ult. of a fit of apoplexy.

A gentleman who was proceeding from London to Bristol by the Great Western Railway, on Saturday last, discovered, just before the train had reached Slough, that he had lost his purse, containing £900. On arriving at Slough, he had the electric telegraph put in action; and in five minutes afterwards he received the happy intelligence that the purse had been found at the Paddington bookingoffice by a policeman, who had searched for it on the news of its loss being received.

Experiments have been made, at glassworks at Bishopwearmouth, to test the prac ticability of making pipes of glass for the conveyance of gas, water, &c.; and the experiments have confirmed the statement of the Premier, that pipes stronger than those now made of metal for such purposes can be formed of glass.

by Lea & Blanchard of Philadelphia, and are sold at a price so low as to give all opportunity of purchasing them. We noticed the first volume some time since. The second is now before us, and the whole five volumes will be out in the course of a few weeks. The narrative of the second volume begins at Tahiti, and the incidents of this place, with a political and geographical history of the same, covers the first three chapters. An interesting account of the voyage, and particularly among the Somoan Group, follows. The visit to New South Wales occupies three chapters; then follows the Antarctic Cruise, and finally the visit to New Zealand, which closes the Expedition.-N. Y. Express.

NEW BOOKS.

"Memoirs of the two Bandieras, brothers, and their fellow-victims, who were killed at Cosenza, on the 25th of July, 1844, accompanied with their correspondence. By Giuseppe Mazzini. Paris, 1845."

This is a pamphlet in the Italian language, which gives the tragical history of two sons of a rear admiral in the Austrian navy, noble-hearted young patriots, who were treacherously drawn into a snare laid for their lives by the enemies of liberty in Italy and some accomplices in other countries, shamefully combined for their destruction. The author is one of the distinguished writers and intelligent and virtuous patriots of the age, and, as an almost necessary consequence, is in exile. The story which he here gives us is replete with affecting circumstances and expressions of sympathy for the sufferers, which deeply affect the reader.

"Life of a Spanish Monk, written by himself."

This is a small volume (price 37 cents) just published, from the pen of the interesting converted Spanish monk, Ramon Montselvatge, now in this city. It is alike interesting and instructive to old and young. It contains many facts important to us all, from a person of the highest character, and who has had the best opportunities of knowing them. We know the author personally, and entertain a high admiration of his character, a warm affection for him, and a redoubled interest in the welfare of his countrymenthe people of Spain-since we have learned more fully the nature of that spiritual and political oppression under which they have suffered for ages. We wish a million copies of this little book might be bought and read, for the benefit of our own country and of Spain.