and for adorning everything they make.Its tongue, and the marrow of its bones are their greatest delicacies; and lovers carry these parts to their mistresses as the most valuable presents, which are usually accompanied by the flesh of the bear and the castor. They have no other thread than that which they draw from the nerves of the animal, and which they extract from its cheeks; they use the finest to sew their clothes with ; and the coarsest to join the planks of their barks. But not only does the Reindeer furnish the Laplanders with food and clothing, it also affords them drink: the milk of the Reindeer is the only beverage they possess ; and because it is extremely fat, and quite thick, they are obliged to mix it with nearly an equal quantity of water; they only draw a gallon of milk daily from the best Reindeer-they make very nutritious cheese from it, and the poor inhabitants, who cannot af ford to kill a deer for its flesh, live on nothing else than its cheese.

The most ordinary food of the Reindeer consists of a little white moss, extremely fine, which grows in abundance throughout Lapland, and when the earth is wholly covered with snow, nature has imparted to these animals an instinct which enables them to know the place where it is to be found under the snow; and whenever they discover it they make a large opening in the snow with their forefeet, which they do with a surprising swiftness; but when the cold has so hardened the snow, that it becomes ice itself, the deer then eat a certain moss, like a spider's web, which hangs from the pine-tree, and which the Laplanders call luat.

THE REGICIDE JUDGES. GOFFE AND WHALLEY. SELECTED FROM PREST. DWIGHT'S TRAvels.

(For the Amer. Penny Magazine.)

In Hadley, (Mass.) resided for fifteen years the celebrated regicides, Goffe and Whalley. They came hither in the year 1654; lived in the house of the Rev. Mr. Russell, the Minister. Whalley died in his house. Many years afterwards, the house was taken down by Mr. Gaylord, the proprietor; and the bones of Whalley were

found buried just without the cellar wall, in a kind of a tomb, formed of mason work, and covered with flags of hewn stone. After his decease, Goffe quitted Hadley, went into Connecticut, and afterwards, according to tradition, to the neighborhood of New York. Here he is said to have lived some time, and the better to disguise himself, to have carried vegetables at times to market. It is said, that, having been discovered there, he retired secretly to the colony of Rhode Island, and there lived with a son of Whalley the remainder of his life.

The following story has been traditionally conveyed down among the inhabitants of Hadley.

In the course of Phillip's war, which involved almost all the Indian tribes in New England, and among others those in the neighborhood of this town; the inhabtants thought it proper to observe the 1st of September, 1675, as a day of fasting and prayer. While they were in the church, and employed in their worship, they were surprised by a band of savages. The people instantly betook themselves to their arms, which, according to the custom of the times, they carried with them to the church; and rushing out of the house, attacked their invaders. The panic, under which they began the conflict, was however so great, and their number was so disproportioned to that of their enemies, that they fought doubtfully at first, and in a short time began evidently to give way. At this moment, an ancient man with hoary locks, of a most venerable and dignified aspect, and in a dress widely different from that of the inhabitants, appeared suddenly at their head; and with a firm voice, and an example of undaunted resolution, reanimated their spirits, led them again to the conflict, and totally routed the savages. When the battle was ended the stranger disappeared, and no person knew whence he had come, or whither he had gone. The relief was so timely, so sudden, so unexpected, and so providential; the appearance, and the retreat of him who furnished it, were so unaccountable; his person was so dignified and commanding, his resolution so superior, his interference so decisive; that the inhabitants, without any uncommon exercise of credulity, readily believed him to be an angel sent by Heaven, for their preservation. Nor was this question seriously controverted, until it was discovered that Goffe and Whalley had been lodged in the house of Mr. Russell. Then it was known that their deliverer was Goffe.

Americans and Italians.

Here are two names which, we sincerely hope, and strongly believe, are hereafter to be often coupled together. They belong to two nations whose mutual interests most imperatively demand a close, hearty, speedy and inseparable union. With feelings of a somewhat peculiar description we have written them together at the head of this paper; and now survey then with interest in their juxtaposition. Oh, may we see our own people soon waken to a just sense of the relative character and position, the wants and the capacities of the Italians, rising to extend to them that right hand of fellowship which has been too long withheld, and entering upon that course of co-operation in which they may accomplish so much.

A hearty, warm and active combination between us, how many objects and inducements recommend and even require it! What nation on the face of the earth has been more distinguished in ancient times, by its supremacy in power and intellectual superiority, by the remnants of its literature in our hands, or by its severe and prolonged sufferings? For centuries the mistress of the world, with a long list of sons distinguished for learning; and the diffusion of civilization as some amends for the cruel and oppressive acts too often perpetrated by her rulers, she has since passed through an appalling series of sufferings, almost unin terrupted in fifteen hundred years. If there be any people who have a strong claim on the sympathy of a generous heart, if oppression and cruel tyranny, mental as well as physical, has any appeal to make, that appeal must be made, that claim must be presented by Italy.

Lost their Way.-A company of the Ore-" gon emigrants, consisting of twenty-two wagons, have entirely missed their way, and have got near the mouth of the Yellow Stone. The company was from Iowa, and crossed at the Council Bluffs. They left the settlement without a pilot, with the hope of following in the trail of the main companies which left that place. The traders report them without provisions sufficient to prosecute their journey, and barely enough to re

turn.

JUVENILE DEPARTMENT.

The Catskill Mountains.
A little Girl's Composition.

As the traveller proceeds, he decries the Cattskill Mountains rising in the distance, and bounding the view on the north and west, for a number of miles. They approach the river no nearer than 8 miles; at some places receding 15 or 20. The excursion to the mountain may be performed in one day; though two or three may be very pleasantly spent in exploring the surrounding scenery. There is a very large and neat hotel built at the Pine Orchard, some distance below one of the peaks, which is about 3000 feet above the level of the river. It may be ascended in private carriages or in a stage coach, which goes and returns regularly every day. The traveler takes the coach at Catskill, and proceeds to the Pine Orchard, passing a small inn. At the distance of 7 miles begins the ascent, surmounted by a road which affords much wild scenery, with an occasional glimpse of the surrounding country. Five miles of such traveling will bring you to the Pine Orchard. This is an elevated plain, scattered over with forest trees, and furnished with a large and commodious house for the accommodation of travelers. The Hudson is seen winding through its verdant valley, its banks scattered with little cottages and hamlets. Immediately below is a ridge of uncultivated mountains, forming a striking contrast with the high cultivation of the surrounding country.

METALS--No. 6.

MERCURY OR QUICKSILVER.

This is a metal the children all know.They will surely get acquainted with it, if you will only let them. They think it curious and pretty, and will play with it, and ask questions about it, and never forget it as long as they live.

Quicksilver is heavy, and has a bright me tallic lustre; and those are the only external properties it has like other metals. It is the only one which will run, that is, the only one that is fluid at the common temperature of the atmosphere. It can be made hard, by being made very cold indeed; and then it is malleable

I hardly need tell children how to play with it. They know that when they press a little of it in their hand with one finger, it separates into many little bright balls, like silver beads, which will roll about, and when they come together, join again as before.They know too, that if they let it run out and

fall on the floor, it is almost impossible to get it up or find it all. But I should tell young people never to put quicksilver into their mouths, nor to drop it into food, nor to hold it long in their hands, and to clean them well after handling it, because it is poison.

It is used in several ways for medicine, and is mixed, or amalgated with tin, as I have said before, to cover looking-glasses.

It is used also in getting gold from the ore. Gold ore is pounded to dust, sometimes with steam engines, and then put into a wooden tray or trough. Several trays are placed in a row, on the side of a hill, so that water, poured into the first, will slowly run down into the next. Some mercury is put into each of the trays, and they are all kept rocking like a cradle, to bring the gold into contact with the quicksilver, with which it forms a soft mass like paste or pudding.

Allegorical Picture of Winter.-The painter Grandville represented it under the figure of an old man on skates, with a leafless sapling for a staff, followed by a man and his wife wrapped in warm garments, and accompanied by a bear and wolf.

Pens.-The Russian Emperor Alexander, it is said, had an officer with him during his numerous journies, whose only business it was to make his pens, at a salary of 8,500 francs, nearly $1,300. He went provided with numerous knives, and bunches of quills, and was always expected to have at least one hundred well made pens on hand, for the Emperor never used the same one a

second time.

and the last at night. Remember that the duties of a mother are untransferable, therefore, except in cases of unavoidable necessity, never suffer the devotional exercise of your children to be superintended by another.

See that y ur daughters rise early, and that they employ themselves about such domestic affairs as are suited to their years and capacities.

Never suffer your children to require services from others which they can perform for themselves. A strict observance of this rule will be of incalculable advantage to them through every period of life.

Let all the young members of your family be regularly washed and combed before breakfast. Never permit them to treat you with so much disrespeet as to appear at your table in a slovenly condition. It should ever be remembered that the highest respect which a child can pay is due to its parents. This respect may be insured by forming correct habits in youth.-Bible Monitor.

Many mothers need but the knowledge of one very simple fact, to induce them to adopt a plan in their families, which will contribute more than almost any other, to the benefit of their children and their own present and future enjoyment. This is the superintendence and even the direction of their instruction, either in part or in whole, from day to day. That one fact is, that they have the ability to perform the task. Some, it is true, will need information on the manner of beginning and proceeding; some will feel at a loss in the choice of books, the rules to be established; the methods to be adopted or the discipline to be exercised; how to incite to study, how to reward diligence and success. But all these may be learned and put into practice with good results, if the one great obstacle be not in the way that distrust of one's own abilities, to which we have alluded above.

And here it may be a proper place to invite the parent's attention to one particular point. You cannot expect to obtain a perfect teacher for your children; and you must admit that one of the most indispensable qualifications of a good one is deep and untiring interest in their good. A teacher with a heart filled with genuine love for the child would exert every faculty for its benefit. But where ought such an affec

tion be looked for if not in the mother? You begin then, with the mainspring of a good instructor already provided. Next, as to the intellectual qualifications. How few professed teachers can you find very thoroughly qualified for their duties, if you fix your standard high? If you fix a low one, of course you can yourself more easily reach it.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Dress of the Mind.-On Sunday morning before going to Church, what a dressing there is among all classes, and what a stir to be gay and pleasing. It is quite sufficient for the great purpose of our existence, to wash the outside of the platter. Curls may be arranged, fine tortoise shell combs fixed, sparkling ear-rings hung, splendid garments displayed. And yet, perhaps the gay fair one's mind may be poisoned with deceit, troubled with rivalry, and kept on the torture by ignorance and vanity. Windsor

soap

does not wash out the stain of the heart. Colonge water cannot throw a fragrance over an impure mind, nor will all the rubies of Golconda dazzle the recording angel into forgetfulness of filling up the leaves of retribution.-[Selected.

A very valuable oil, it is said, may be extracted from the seed of the pumpkin. When combined with tar it is excellent for the axle trees of carriages. In all the qualities of an oil for painting, it is represented to be superior to linseed. It penetrates the pores of wood, or any other substance to which it is applied better than linseed, and for this reason is preferred as an ingredient in the composition of paint. The oil is excellent for the lamp, giving a brilliant flame without the offensive smell of the spermaceti. The product is at the rate of six gallons of oil to nine bushels of seed.-N. O. Bulletin.

"They build our houses, they adorn them with furniture, and supply them with every comfort and convenience of which we have ever conjectured. They educate our children, and cover our nakedness from head to foot, with hats and shoes, coats and shirts-we eat their flour, cheese, butter, apples, codfish, potatoes, pickles, pork and onions-we feed our cattle with their hay, drive their horses in their harness to their carriages, with their whips-we walk with their sticks, ride on their saddles, write on their paper, wash with their soap, scrub with their brushes, sweep with their brooms, milk in their pails, cook in their pots, strike with their hammers, blow with their bellows, cut with their axes, sow with their seed, reap with their hooks, pull with their leather, whitewash with their lime, paint with their paint, march by their tunes, read by their light, drink their Congress water and rum, smoke their segars-and last and best of all these blessings, we marry their pretty girls, who make the best of wives."

This is a heavy account of dependence, but it is mostly true. What a field then lies all around us for domestic industry, and what an independent and wealthy country might this be if only this field for enterprise were fitted up simply to supply our own wants!-Mobile Her. & Trib.

A Republic of Crows.

FROM ALI BEY'S TRAVELS IN MOROCCO. In a wood of palm trees between Semalalia and Morocco, there is a kind of republic of crows, whose manners are very curious. Every morning at break of day, rhey separ ate on all sides, in order to fetch provisions from a great distance, and not one of them remains on the trees, or in the neighborhood. Towards evening they all return, and assemble in thousands in the wood, when they sit together on the boughs of the palm trees, making such a noise as if they were relating to each other the expeditions of the day. This I have observed during winter and summer; but notwithstanding every attention, I have not been able to observe any crows with red legs, which some travellers and naturalists pretend to have seen.

If a man be lazy, he must be poor; yet the greatest grumblers about the hard times are a set of lazy loungers who are fed by the industry of their wives, and clothed by the provisions of the insolvent laws. There should be a tax levied upon this class, and they should be work it out upon the highways with free negroes for their overseers.-South. Paper.

416

Edited by Theodore Dwight, Jr.

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