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we believe our western dew rotted by hackling, allowing the tow and inferior hemp to find a market at home, for the manufacture of bale rope and bagging.-Visiter.

MISCELLANEOUS.

EXTENT OF THE OREGON TERRITORY.-On the east it skirts 800 miles along the Rocky Mountains, on the south 300 miles along the Snowy Mountains, on the west 700 miles along the Pacific Ocean, on the north 250 miles along the North American possessions of Russia and England. This area or immense valley contains 360,000 square milescapable undoubtedly of forming seven states as large as New York, or forty states of the dimensions of Massachusetts. Some of the islands on the coast are very large-sufficient to form a state by themselves. These are situate north of the parrallel of 48. Vancouver's Island, 260 miles in length and 50 in breadth, contains 12,000 square miles-an area larger than Massachusetts and Connecticut. Queen Charlotte's or rather Washing. ton Island, too, 150 miles in length and 30 in breadth, contains 4,000 square miles. On both of these immense islands, though they lie between the high parallels of 48 and 54 degrees, the soil is said to be well adapted to agriculture. The straits and circumjacent waters abound in fish of the finest quality. Coal of good quality, and other veins of minerals, have been found.-Globe.

FROM EUROPE.-By the steamer Caledonia, which arrived at Boston, we have advices from Liverpool to the 19th of August, and later advices from all parts of the world.

The prospect of a good harvest had improved.

The amount of specie in the Bank of England is no less than £16,000,000, an unusually large quantity.

Mr. McLane has delivered his credentials to the Queen, and Mr. Everett his letters of recall.

Parliament was prorogued on the 9th of August by the Queen in person.

The London Gazette of the 12th inst., contains an order of council-agreeably to the act of 1844, for admitting sugar the growth of free labor at a reduced rate of duty.

SYRIA. A letter from Beyrout of July 12 says: "Although an armistice has been concluded, the Druses and the Christians still remain with arms in their hands, and occupy all the fortified points."

THE PILGRIMAGE AT MECCA.-From Africa the news is of the usual character-crops have been destroyed, flocks seized, tribes put to flight; but Abd-el Kader is as far from being taken, and Algiers as far from being tranquillised, as they were fifteen years ago. A recent letter describes the return of a troop of pilgrims from Mecca. All the people of

the district turned out to meet them in procession, with banners, presents, &c.

As they approached the pilgrims, they all chaunted, "O pilgrims to the chamber of God! Have you seen the prophet of God?" To which the pilgrims chaunted, in reply, "We have seen him, and we have left him at Mecca. He prays, fasts, makes his ablutions, and reads the holy book of God!" The pilgrims were then embraced by their countrymen, and presents and hospitality were pressed upon them. The pilgrimage to Mecca occupies fifteen months, and is peculiarly dangerous from the great number of robbers on the route.

CHINESE RANSOM MONEY.-A fresh instalment of the Chinese Ransom money, which was brought to England by the Cambrian, arrived in London on the 4th of August.

The Emperor of Russia has given permission for the importation of corn, free of duty, during the whole of this year, in the ports of Riga, Pernau and Revel, in the Baltic.

RATHER LENGTHY.-It has been estimated that a quantity of spider's web, weighing a quarter of an ounce, would reach from London to Edinburgh, a distance of four hundred miles.

Attraction. If a dozen small pieces of cork be placed in a vessel of water, near the centre but a little distance apart, they will be seen to approach each other with constantly increased motion, until they meet, after which the whole will move towards the nearest side of the vessel.

It

IMMENSE LOCOMOTIVE ESTABLISHMENT.-The London Mining Journal gives a brief description of the gigantic locomotive establishment at St. Petersburgh, Russia, organized and directed by Messrs. Harrison & Eastwick, formerly of Philadelphia, in conjunction, we believe, with Mr Winans of Baltimore. characterizes it as "the most extraordinary, as well as gigantic establishment." It was called into operation to supply the large number of locomotives required for the great chain of railroads which the Emperor of Russia has directed to be constructed, (Major Whistler, a Bostonian, being chief engineer,) and it is so huge in dimensions that 3,500 operatives are employed in it. To keep order in this mixed mass of Americans, English, Scotch, Irish, Germans, and Russians, a company of soldiers is kept on duty in conjunction with a police force, whose duties are confined to the works. If the operatives are refractory they are discharged, unless there happen to be Russians among them, and when any of these offend against the discipline of the place they are immmediately tied up to the triangles, soundly flogged, and sent to work again.-Philadelphia paper

POETRY.

THE HAPPY FARMER.

BY MRS. L. II. SIGOURNEY.

Saw ye the farmer at his plough
As you were riding by?

Or wearied 'neath his noon-day toil,

When summer suns were high?
And thought you that his lot was hard?
And did you thank your God,

That you, and yours, were not condemned
Thus like a slave to plod?

Come see him at his harvest home,

When garden, field, and tree
Conspire, with flowing stores to fill
His barn, and granary.
His healthful children gaily sport,
Amid the new-mown hay,
Or proudly aid, with vigorous arm,
His task as best they may.

The dog partakes his master's joy,
And guards the loaded wain;
The feathery people clap their wings,
And lead their youngling train.
Perchance, the hoary grandsire's eye
The glowing scene surveys,
And breathes a blessing on his race,
Or guides their evening praise.

The Harvest-Giver is their friend,

The Maker of the soil,

And earth, the mother, gives them bread,
And cheers their patient toil.
Come, join them round their wintry hearth,
Their heartfelt pleasures see,
And you can better judge how blest
The farmer's life may be.

RELIGIOUS DISTURBANCES IN GERMANY.

At Posen, one of the leaders of the new Anti-Romish party, was to preach, and the Romanists held a grand procession. Serious disturbances occurred, and the military were called out. At Magdebur h, a church has been consecrated for the Reformers; and at Leipsic, they are so numerous, that they are obliged to meet in the open air.

At Halberstadt, on the 9th of August, a riot occurred after public service, and John Ronge, the leader of the new Reformation, addressed the populace from a balcony, concluding with these words: "Rome and her supremacy must fall-Amen." A man replied: "Not so soon as you," when he was assaulted, as well as his house. A band of cuirassiers cut down the populace, but some of them were dragged from their horses and wounded.

At Leipsic, on the 15th, Prince John of

Saxony, having rendered himself odious by his proceedings against certain Reformed villages, the people having assembled at his palace, and sung Luther's favorite Psalm.

"Ein fester burg ist unser Gott,"

to the old Reformer's air, they were fired upon by the soldiers, and nine persons were killed, including two students of the University. The students took arms, and the Duke fled.

In Prussia, the government have forbid. den the publication of anything relating to this whole subject.

A SNAKE STORY.-The Clermont (Ohio) Courier gives an account of a very large snake in Hartman's mill-pond, on the east fork of the Little Miami, a short distance above Williamsburg. It has been frequently seen on rocks and in the water, and is 15 or 20 feet long, and as large round as a common sized man. Jacob Sarber makes affidavit that he was fishing in the pond and heard dogs bark on the opposite side, and immediately after saw something swimming towards him, and when within twenty-five feet of him, it stopped and raised up two and a half feet out of water, the belly towards him. He then saw it was a snake, of gray appearance, ten or twelve inches through. It soon drew down its head, and in its motions exhibited about sixteen feet of its body from the head back! The Courier says that, with the evidence before it, it does not feel at liberty to regard this as any other than a well-established fact.

THE AMERICAN PENNY MAGAZINE

AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, Edited by Theodore Dwight, Jr. Is published weekly, at the office of the New York Express, No. 112 Broadway, at 3 cents a number, (16 pages large octavo,) or, to subscribers receiving it by mail, and paying in advance, $1 a year. The postage is now Free for this city, Brooklyn, Harlem, Newark, and all other places within 30 miles; only one cent a copy for other parts of the State, and other places within 100 miles; and 1 1-2 cents for other parts of the Union. Persons forwarding the money for live copies, will receive a sixth gratis. The first half-yearly volume, of 416 pages, will soon be ready, bound in muslin price $1-to regular subscribers, 75 cents The work will form a volume of 832 pages annually. Postmasters are authorized to remit money. Enclose a One Dollar Bil', without payment of postage, and the work will be sent for the year.

We particularly request the public to remember that no person is authorized to receive money in advance for this paper, except those who show a certificate, signed by the Editor.

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Preparing the Warp for a Power-Loom

[See the Cut on the preceding page.] There is abundance of evidence to prove that the art of weaving has been carried on from very early times. It is connected with many interesting periods, scenes, and personages in history, but in its simpler forms Modern inventions have introduced wonderful changes.

Before the actual weaving there are several preparatory processes, (says the Pictorial History of the Arts,) one of which is the warping, the nature and object of which may be very readily understood. As the hanks of spun material, whether cotton or any other, are wrapped up closely, the yarn requires to be stretched out and laid parallel before it is fitted to act as warp for the woven cloth; and this process of arranging it is called warping. There have been, at different periods in the history of weaving, four different modes of performing this process: by the aid of the warping-field, the warping-frame, the warping-mill, and the warping-machine.

In the warping-machine connected with loom-weaving the warping and other processes are conducted pretty much at the same time. The bobbins containing the yarn are ranged with their axes horizontal and parallel. The yarns are drawn from the bobbins, made to pass under some rollers, and over others, and are at length brought into a parallel layer, with a comb or grating of five wires so employed as to separate the yarns in an equidistant manner. After having so passed, the yarns are made to coil round a roller or beam, and are in that state removed from the machine.

Cotton warp has yet to be dressed or sized to keep the threads smooth. The sizing is put on liquid, with a brush, and then dried by stirring the air with a fan.

The Present War Spirit.

Whoever overlooks the war-spirit of a portion of our countrymen, will be forgetful of a very considerable, and a very dangerous inSgredient of our national character. We see it now displaying itself, in an unusual degree, because an opportunity is afforded by some prospects of a war with Mexico. We have long had vaporing enough; and, in our opinion, some good, philanthropic, and even pacific men have unconsciously been heaping up fuel for a military combustion for several

years past, by giving currency to the doctrine which has become so popular, of the natural superiority of the "Anglo-Saxon race!" Our ancestors and our relatives, to the most remote and almost inconceivable degrees of relationship, have been over and over declared to be a wonderful, a transcendent race of men. This would not be harmless, even if it had stopped at the flattery of national vanity: but what reflecting man would ever have expected that? We are so practical in all our habits, that doctrines are soon brought to use; and hence, we have long since seen intimations, tnat rights grew out of our might, phyrical and intellectual; and now we find thousands around thirsting to see the overrated territories of Mexico and California in the possession of our government, chiefly on the plea that they would be better managed by Anglo-Saxon hands. Not only so, but we have accounts in the newspapers, of American army-officers and cadets, overwhelming the war department with letters soliciting commands in Texas: and of militia companies placing themselves at the orders of any generals, to march anywhere, to spread the conquest of Anglo-Saxon principles. At all this, the good sense of the country laughs; we wish the prudence of the country, her justice and christianity, might do something to counteract so dangerous, so discreditable, yet so paltry and cowardly a spirit.

Hence we are looking in the face, a people of about one-third or one quarter of our own numbers, and, according to some of the "patriotic" Anglo-Saxon writers, three quarters Indians, &c., having about one Mexican to twenty or thirty of us; and suddenly the bravery of certain persons is aroused, two thousand miles off, against that poor, ignorant, uneducated people, hardly alive after thirty years of revolutions, and three centuries of Spanish and Romish oppression. There is a training day in some village, the drums beat, the fifes squeel, the chicken's feathers stick high up on the felt hats and leather caps, the AngloSaxon spirit is roused, and nothing but blood can quiet it! New-England rum and Western whiskey combine to push on the mighty result. Temperance pledges luckily are not universal, or the last sparks of patriotic fire would have been extinguished irrecoverably. Cider-brandy, rye-gin, and boiled cider come to the rescue, and old “Pupperlo” is clamorous for "glory."

In all this, there is nothing mean, paltry nor cowardly. Ten men, even of the most vagabond character, would hardly think of falling upon one helpless, friendless, feeble victim. Certainly they would never hold meetings and pass resolutions beforehand, (any where out of Lexington,) proclaiming the wonderful glories of their enterprize. But when thousands applaud, and the matter is on a larger scale, some are found who will not blush. The Mexicans are fit objects for our compassion and philanthropic attention. Our superior blessings, social and political, have laid us under quite as many duties, as reasons for vaunting; and oh, that our AngloSaxon blood might not display itself wholly in the latter !

THUNDER SHOWER.-In a thunder shower at New Haven, Connecticut, a few days ago, several houses were struck. The Tontine Hotel was considerably damaged. The fluid descended by the flag-staff, rending it nearly the whole distance, into splinters, and entering the observatory, tearing that in a terrific manner. It then escaped to the ridge, where it divided and ran down to the eaves, tearing up the shingles and seriously injuring one of the rafters in its course. It was attracted each way from the observatory, without doubt, by the streams of water which ran from it to the metallic trough on the edge of the roof. From thence it followed, probably, to the chimneys on each side, and may have escaped to the earth by the rods attached to them. In the attic, where much of the damage was done, was the sleeping apartment of the help; and in this room, at the time, was a colored man, who received a severe shock, but escaped with only a temporary prostration of his senses. One or two others felt the shock, but were not injured.

This is the second time that the Tontine has been struck by lightning, owing, proba bly, to its elevation above the surrounding buildings.

The lightning also struck the house of Mr. John Walton, entered by way of a chimney which led to a kitchen in the rear, at the fire-place of which Miss Walton was employed with tongs in hand, removing coals from the hearth to a tin baker standing near. She thinks she saw the flash descend, and dropped the tongs out of her hands. Feeling the shock, she immediately rushed into the adjoining room exclaiming, "my foot is on fire, my foot! my foot!!" Upon examining her shoe, she found that the lightning had passed through it entirely, and tearing the upper leather near the ball of the foot. Passing between the foot and the sole of the shoe it burnt her stocking in several places, and passed through the shoe on the side almost directly opposite where it entered, and proba

bly passed through the hall and out at the No front door, standing open at the time. injury was sustained by Miss W. beyond a shock which caused a sensation of numbness in the limb most exposed. Her foot was not even burned by the lightning. Mr. W. stood in the door-way a few feet from the fire-place, and felt the shock sensibly, but received no injury, although the lightning in its course, to all appearance, must have passed by him while standing in the door-way.

THE MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH through New Jersey, it is expected, will be completed by the 1st of December; also from Baltimore to Philadelphia in November; to form a continuous line of Telegraph from Washington to New York by the time Congress assembles. The important business of the next session will be reported in New York, by this arrangement, in fewer hours than it has heretofore taken days for it to reach us by Mail or Express.

THE WHALING FLEET OF NEW LONDON, CONN., is again all absent from home. Twenty seven ships and barks, and two schooners, (the latter for the sealing business) have been fitted out there the present season. Of these, six ships and both the schooners, were newly purchased.

The tonnage of these ships added the present season, is 2865-averaging nearly 487 tons each. The tonnage of the whole number of vessels fitted out this season, including the two schooners, is 10,755 tons-showing that an usually large amount of business has been transacted here, although the season has closed somewhat earlier than usual.

AMERICAN MECHANICS IN RUSSIA.-Estwick & Evans, formerly extensive manufacturers of rail road engines in Philadelphia, at the solicitation of the Emperor of Russia, transferred their machinery as well as skill to St. Petersburg. A vast system of rail roads, joining the extremities of that nation, is to be made. The establishment of Estwick & Evans is said to be vast; and the rail roads in process are under the immediate management of Americans, as well as the locomotive power.

Maj. Whistler, a Bostonian, is chief engi neer, and three thousand five hundred operatives are employed in it. To keep order in this mixed mass of Americans, English, Scotch, Irish, Germans and Russians, a company of soldiers is kept on duty, in conjunction with a police force whose duties are confined to the works. If the operatives are refractory they are discharged, unless there happen to be Russians among them; and when any of these offend against the discipline of the place, they are immediately tied up to the triangles, soundly flogged and sent to work again. And this practice is continued, notwithstanding Messrs. Harrison and Estwick have strongly appealed against it.

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