He'll steale the Hen out of the pen,
Keepe, keepe, keepe, keepe, keepe!
He'll steale the Hen out of the pen,
O keepe you all well there.

I must desire, etc.

He'll steale the Duck out of the brook, Keepe, keepe, keepe, keepe, keepe; He'll steale the Duck out of the brook, O keepe you all well there.

I must desire, etc.

He'll steale the Lamb e'en from his dam,
Keepe, keepe, keepe, keepe, keepe;
He'll steale the Lamb e'en from his dam,
O keepe you all well there.

I must desire you neighbours all,
To hollo the Fox out of the hall,
And cry as loud as you can call,
O keep you all well there.

In 1557-8, the first year of the Registers of the Stationers' Company, it is recorded John Wallye and Mrs. Toye had licence to print a ballad, called—

Who lyve so merry and make such sporte, As thay that be of the poorest sort? The following appears to have been the ballad there

noticed.

Who liveth so merry in all this land

As doth the poor widow that selleth the sand?
Chorus. And ever she singeth as I can guess,

Will you buy any sand, any sand, Mistris?
The broome-man maketh his living most sweet,
With carrying of broomes from street to street;
Chorus. Who would desire a pleasanter thing,

Than all the day long to do nothing but sing?

The chimney-sweeper all the long day
He singeth and sweepeth the soote away;
Chorus. And when he comes home although he be weary,
With his sweet wife he maketh full merry,

The cobler he sits cobbling till noone,

And cobbleth the shoes till they be done;

Chorus. Yet doth he not feare and so doth say:
For he knows his work will soon decay.

The marchant-man doth saile on the seas,
And lye on the ship-board with little ease;
Chorus. Alwayes in doubt the rocke is neare,

How can he be merry and make good cheare?

The husband-man all day goeth to plow,
And when he comes home he serveth his sow;
Chorus. He moyleth and toyleth all the long yeare,
How can he be merry and make good cheare?

The serving-man waiteth frō street to street,
With blowing his nailes and beating his feet;
Chorus. And serveth for forty shillings a yeare,

That 'tis impossible to make good cheare.
Who liveth so merry and maketh such sport
As those that be of the poorer sort?
Chorus. The poorest sort, wheresoever they be,

They gather together by one, two and three;
And every man will spend his penny:
What makes such a shot among a great many?
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

INSCRIBED WALL RHYMES.

On the wall of what has long been termed "Queen Mary's Room," in Edinburgh Castle, were the following lines:

Lord Jesus Christ, that crounit was with thorne,
Preserve the birth quheus Badgie heir is borne,
And send hir sonne successione to reigne still,
Lang in this realme, if that it be thy will!
Als grant O Lord, quhae euer of hir proseed,
Be to thy glorie, honor, and prais, so beid.

19 Junii, 1566.

James the Sixth of Scotland was born in that room, on the day noted at the foot of these rhymes. They were extant there in 1772, are they so now?

On a wall in the Abbey Church at Edinburgh were the following lines :—

Ah me! I grauel am, and dust,

And to the grave, return I must:
O painted piece of living clay,

Man, be not proud of thy short day.

1646. The words in italic are anagrammatical of William J. F. Grahame.

BROOMES, NEW BROOMES!

In the old drama entitled the Three Ladies of London, printed in 1584, 4to., is the following poetical cry of a vender of heath brooms in the happy days of Good Queen Bess.

Enter Conscience with broomes at her back, singing as followeth.

New broomes, green broomes, will ye buy any?
Come Maidens, come quickly, let me take a peny.
My broomes are not steeped
But very well bound:
My broomes be not crooked,
But smooth cut and round.
I wish it would please ye,
To buy of my broome;
Then would it well ease me,
If market were done.
Have you any olde bootes,
Or any old shoone:
Powch-ringes or buskins,
To cope for new broome?
If so ye haue Maydens

I pray you bring hether,
That you and I frendly

May bargen together.

New broomes, greene broomes, will ye buy any? Come Maidens, come quickly, let me take a peny. The broom-seller of the reigns of Charles the Second and James the Second, is one of the illustrations of Marcellus Lauron's London's Cries, engraved and published by Pierce Tempest in 1688.

"Conscience was not a Broome-man in Kent Street." Harl. Miscell., Vol. V. p. 379.

UNICORN AS BORNE IN HERALDRY.

In Robson's Glossary of Heraldry, the Unicorn as used in armorial bearings is described as an imaginary animal, represented as having the head, neck and body of a horse, the legs of a buck, the tail of a lion, and a long horn growing out of the middle of the forehead.

The Rev. Sloane Evans in his excellent Grammar of Heraldry, speaking of the Unicorn, says it is the symbol of strength of body and virtue of mind. It also denotes extreme courage and well befits the Warrior who had rather die than fall into the hand of the enemy.

The Rhinoceros, it may be remarked, has been frequently supposed to be an equally proper translation for the Hebrew word translated Unicorn' in the Scriptures, F. R. N. H.

INVOCATION OF THE VIRGIN ON TOMBS.

The reason why so few monumental inscriptions in which the prayers of the Virgin were asked, are now extant is easily understood. The first Protestants evinced a more violent antipathy to the reverence paid by the Catholic Church to the Saints, than to any other article of the faith. Before the Reformation they were without doubt very common: no one can have read any of the literature of England of a date anterior to the change of religion, without having observed the great reverence Englishmen then showed to the Mother of God, and how ecclesiastic and layman, bishop and priest, noble and peasant, vied with each other in giving her honour. The popular devotions, the dedication of churches, the formularies of wills, and the songs of the poets are all evidence of this love for

Oure blessed Lady Christes Mother dere.

Those who are curious in this matter, will find much to interest them in Dr. Rock's Church of our Fathers

vol. iii. pp. 241-346; from which work the following

are extracted.

Man is a little world, and beares the face
And picture of the universitie:

All but resembleth God, all but his glasse,
All but the picture of his Majestie.

Man is the little world (so we him call)
The world the little god-GoD, the great all!
Falstaff, in Shakespeare's King Henry IV. part II. act

iv. sc. 3. says of good sherris sack-It illumineth the face,

which as a beacon gives warning to all the rest of this little kingdom, man, to arm.

John Davies of Hereford, in his poem entitled, Microcosmos; or Discovery of the Little World, 1603, 4to., observes:

So in our little world, this soul of our's,

In whom we do this world's abridgement see. John Earle, successively bishop of Winchester and Salisbury, wrote a moral work that has passed through many editions entitled, Microcosmography; a piece of the World discovered, in Essays and Characters, first printed in 1628.

Sir Thomas Browne, in his well known Religio Medici, says For the world, I count it not an Inn, but an Hospital; a place not to live, but to die in. The world that I regard is myself; it is the 'microcosm' of my own frame that I cast my eye on. I study to find out how I am a 'microcosm,' a little world.

Later, Nathaniel Wanley compiled a volume, of which the title as Wanley's Wonders' is a household word to thousands; entitled, Wonders of the Little World, or a General History of Man, it was first printed in 1678, folio.

In the Gentleman's Magazine, 1794, p. 599, is the following poetical version of this inscription.

May He whose Cross for man has glory won,
Far from this Church all harm remove;
And may Her prayers who calls that Saviour son,
A refuge to the wretched prove!

The Rev. John Edward Jackson, now rector of Leigh Delamere, co. Wilts, in his Guide to FarleighHungerford, has this prose translation—

May He who by the Cross glorifies man, protect this Church, and may the mother of Christ become an asylum to the wretched, by her prayer for them.

The first line of the Latin verses alludes to the Saviour, The prayer contained in the former of the verses seems to be a reference to the words of St. Paul.

the second to the Virgin Mary.

But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honour; that He, by the grace of God, should taste death for every man. For it became Him from whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons into glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings.-Hebr. ch. ii., v. 9, 10.

The allusion to the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, expressed in the latter hexameter will be accounted for by bearing in mind, that at the time when this stone was placed here, the national religion was that of Rome.

UNIVERSALITY OF THE NEWSPAPER.

Compare the Orator with the Newspaper, and a faint glimpse of the pre-eminently ubiquitous power of the latter may be obtained. The Orator addresses himself to and may be heard by a few hundreds, possibly thousands, but the newspaper may be and is perused by millions. Evanescently the words of the Orator pass into the air and are no more heard-the language of the Newspaper stamped on the widely spread tablet remains almost imperishable. The arguments of the Orator may follow in such rapid succession, that by the majority of the audients they are not comprehended, and reasoning of the Newspaper, without fear of perplexity their convincing or persuasive tendencies are lost; the reader's determinative faculties are arrested in full may be scanned at leisure, each point tells, and the force. The passion of the Orator may excite an assembly, but the feeling imparted by the newspaper electrifies a continent, nay the globe itself. The Orator is for an edifice, the Newspaper is for the world-the one has existence for an hour, the other lives for all time. The which flashes for a moment, but again on the instant Orator may be compared to the lightning, the vividity of sun, diffusing its light over the whole earth, brightening leaves all in darkness; while the Newspaper is like the the wide expanse, and fixing on the basis of its own eternity. Printing has been happily defined the art which preserves all arts;' printing makes the Orator himself more than an Orator! it seizes and embodies his dying words, breathes into them the breath of vitality, and they live when even the corporeal reality of the speaker has ceased to be. The Newspaper is the speaking gallery through which the Orator peals diffusely his thunder in the ear of ages, and thus though silent in the tomb, becomes the Mentor over the cradle of rising generations.

CHARLES THE FIRST AND HENRIETTA MARIA.

Carolus Henrietta nuper sociata Mariæ

Quæ mare disjungit littora junxit Amor.

Where is this confused distich to be found? It seems to be an inscription under the portraits of the King and Queen.

Hawkshead, Sept. 7.

D. B. H.

SCOTTISH IRON YETS' OR GATES. The licence to Ogilvy of Inverquharity, to strengthen his house with ane Irne yet,' noticed at p. 62, of Current Notes, has a priority of date than there stated. Alexander Ogilvy named in the document, was living from 1434 to 1482, the licence has therefore reference to the seventh year of either king James the II. or III. if of the former, the year would be 1444, or of the latter, with greater probability 1467.

These iron gates, which superseded the portecoulisse of an earlier period were evidently from the tone of the licence, the usual security attached to the castles and mansions in Scotland in the fifteenth century.

W. E.

ABERDEENSHIRE BENEFACTIONS.

Affixed to the kirk-yard wall of Foot Dee or Futtee, in Aberdeen, is the following record of the liberality of a descendant of the heroic Sir Robert Davidson, "provost of braif Aberdeen," who fell at the battle of Harlaw in

1411.

GEORGE DAVIDSONE ELDER BVRGES OF ABD.

BIGIT THIS DYK ON HIS OVIN EXPENSES, 1650. Below are the arms of Davidson, a fess, three peons in chief, a stag lodged in base, and the initials G. D.

In Monteith's Theater of Mortality, and in all subsequent works in which this inscription has been noticed, the reading is erroneously rendered thus:

George Davidsone elder civis aberdonensis,

biggit thir church-yard dyke upon his own expenses. George Davidson, proprietor of the lands of Pettens and Bogfairlie in Belhelvy, distinguished himself by other acts of munificence for the public good. Besides building the kirk-yard wall of Futtee, he erected and endowed the church of Newhills, built the bridge of Bruxburn, and endowed several schools, these benefactions being wholly in Aberdeenshire. bachelor in 1663.

Brechin, Sept. 3.

CROFT'S MUSICA SACRA.

He died a A. J.

Lowndes in his Bibliographer's Manual, p. 511, to the notice of Dr. Croft's Musica Sacra, or Select Anthems in score, 1724, folio, appends this remark :—

A splendid edition published by subscription. The first work that was stamped on pewter plates, and in score. This work published anonymously, contains the words of Select Anthems used in the Chapel Royal, Westminster Abbey, St. Paul's, etc., with a Preface containing a short Account of our Church Music, and an Encomium on Tallis and Bird. The bibliographer is here wholly in error. The work is engraved not stamped on pewter plates, the claim is only that of its being the first collection of Church music so produced-types having been previously used for that purpose. The Musica Sacra consists of Anthems, with the music in score, wholly composed by Dr. Croft; the reference therefore to the anonymously published words of Select Anthems, without the Music, attributed

as editor to Dr. Croft, is wholly to a different work,

thus entitled :

Divine Harmony; or a New Collection of Select Anthems used at Her Majesty's Chappels Royal, Westminster Abbey, St. Pauls, Windsor, both Universities, Eaton, and most Cathedrals in Her Majesty's Dominions. Designed for the use of such as attend Choir Service, etc. Printed and sold by S. Keble, at the Turk's Head in Fleet Street, 1712, 8vo.

The Preface noticed by Lowndes, and the Encomium on Tallis and Bird, are prefixed to this volume, not to the Musica Sacra, 1724. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

SPES ET FORTUNA VALETE.

The following monumental inscriptions are based upon the sentiments embodied in the old Greek epigram, recently noticed in Current Notes. The first is in the chancel of Mickleham church, Surrey.

Here lyeth buried under this stone the Body of John
Stydolf, Esq. which deceased the 8th day of May, in the
Yere of our Lord, a thousand five hundred seventy-six.
Inveni portum, spes et fortuna valete,
Nil mihi vobiscum, ludite nunc alios.
Quocumque ingrederitur, sequitur mors
Corporis umbram.

The other, is at Kingston-upon-Thames.
Lata locus mihi porta necis sic porta valeto:
Lata per angustam non placet ire viam.
Intravi angustam (si fas sit dicere) portam,
Porta vale, (fas sit dicere,) lata vale.
Inveni portum letum, dum lata per orbem
Non via nec firmum porta decere locum.
foregoing are copied literatim.
Hawkshead, Sept. 5.

The

FREDERICK THE GREAT.

D. B. H.

No. LVIII.]

[OCTOBER, 1855.

NUREMBERG MASK FOR PUNISHMENT.

HAVING in previous numbers of Current Notes given several illustrations of the former uses of implements of punishment and torture, as applied to females under the appellation of Branks or Scold's-bridles; the following may possibly afford some interest, from its having been in the olden time chiefly employed for the correction of minor offences committed by men, by exciting ridicule against the wearer; and for such purpose was frequently placed on the heads of soldiers for breaches of discipline.

It is formed of bands of iron, which fold over the head and are fastened behind by a padlock. A pair of asses ears are placed on the sides, and spectacles attached to the face; a double plate closes over the mouth, and a whistle passes up the nostril, which, should the wearer attempt to speak, produces a loud sound. The mask is painted in flesh colour, the eyebrows and ears are shaded with dark grey, and a mouth is delineated upon the plate covering the lower part of the face.

During the last year it was obtained from the old castle at Nuremberg by Mr. Fairholt, and from him has passed to Lord Londesborough. It is engraved in the recently published sixth part of the Miscellanea Graphica, an admirably conducted work, devoted to the illustration of Lord Londesborough's Collection of Antiquities, and which the Editor would unequivocally yet respectfully commend to the reader's notice.

VOL. V.

SCHOLA SALERNITANA.

Current Notes on the question to whom the Schola Much interested with the various contributions to Salernitana was really dedicated, I have been greatly pleased to find the subject, though medical, has been for a mere trifle an old edition of the Aphorisms of one of general interest. Some years since, I purchased Fuchsius, having bound in the same volume, an early Hippocrates, with comments on Galen, Heurnius, and which, on examination are some verses, which do not manuscript translation of the Schola Salernitana, in appear in any printed copy to which I have had access. I have the translation by the famous Dr. Philemon Holland, 1617, and a similar one dated 1609. I have also referred to Sir Alexander Croke's and to other editions. At this moment, the most interesting portion are the introductory lines, which in my opinion settles the question as to the "England's King," noticed immediately after, in the leading verse of the poem :

This worke yclept the flowre of Medicine,
Compilde at first in verses Leonine,

By Iohn of Millaine, Doctor of Salerne;

But by th' whole colledge as y great concerne
Was dedicate to Robert heire o' the crowne

Of England, (thogh Henry helde it as his own ;)
On his return from conquerde Palestine,
Th' eleven hundredth yeare of Xt divine.

Dr. Friend, in his History of Medicine, states this work was compiled about the year 1100, and made so great a noise in that and succeeding ages as to be thought worthy the comments of Arnoldus de Villa Nova. After all, the ancients like the moderns worshipped the rising characters of the age, and it is therefore not at all improbable, that it was at first dedicated to EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, as he had the repute of admiring foreign in preference to native talent, and on every opportunity proved that partiality; but that after his death, when Robert the son of William the Conqueror, on his way from Palestine sought refuge in Salerno, it is natural to suppose that the eldest son of a powerful monarch, and one who had honoured their college by consulting the professors on the subject of his own ailments, would afford occasion for the dedicatory lines to him. This conjecture is further confirmed by the additional verses on Fistula, to which complaint it is said Duke Robert was then subject.

An imitation of this poem was written by Egidius, archiater to Philip Augustus, at the close of the Twelfth century. This Ægidius was a Benedictine monk, and his subject, the Virtues of Medicines, and on Urines and Pulse, in hexameter verses without regard to syllables;

L