A History of Indian Philosophy: Volume 1

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Cambridge University Press, 1922 - Philosophy - 528 pages
In this benchmark five-volume study, originally published between 1922 and 1955, Surendranath Dasgupta examines the principal schools of thought that define Indian philosophy. A unifying force greater than art, literature, religion, or science, Professor Dasgupta describes philosophy as the most important achievement of Indian thought, arguing that an understanding of its history is necessary to appreciate the significance and potentialities of India's complex culture. Volume I offers an examination of the Vedas and the Brahmanas, the earlier Upanisads, and the six systems of Indian philosophy.

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Contents

THE VEDAS BRAHMANAS AND THEIR PHILOSOPHY J The Vedas and their antiquity
10
Classification of the Vedic literature
11
The Samhitas
13
The Aranyakas
14
The Vedic gods
16
Polytheism Henotheism and Monotheism
17
Growth of a Monotheistic tendency Prajapati Visvakarma
19
Brahma
20
Samkhya and Yoga Literature
212
An Early School of Samkhya
213
Samkhya karika Samkhya sutra Vacaspati Misra and Vijnana Bhiksu
222
Yoga and Patafijali
232
The Samkhya and the Yoga doctrine of Soul or Purusa
238
Thought and Matter
241
Feelings the Ultimate Substances
243
The Gunas
245

Sacrifice the First Rudiments of the Law of Karma
21
CosmogonyMythological and_ Philosophical
23
Eschatology the Doctrine of Atman
25
Conclusion
26
CHAPTER III
28
The names of the Upanisads NonBrahmanic influence
30
Brahmanas and the Early Upanisads
31
The meaning of the word Upanisad
38
Revival of Upanisad studies in modern times
39
The Upanisads and their interpretations
41
the struggle and the failures
42
Unknowability of Brahman and the Negative Method
44
The Atman doctrine
45
Place of Brahman in the Upanisads
48
The World
51
The WorldSoul
52
Doctrine of Transmigration
53
Emancipation
58
CHAPTER IV
62
Growth of the Philosophic Literature
65
The Indian systems of Philosophy
67
Some fundamental points of agreement
71
The Doctrine of Mukti
74
The Doctrine of Soul
75
Unity in Indian Sadhana philosophical religious and ethical endeavours
77
CHAPTER V
78
his Life
81
Early Buddhist Literature
82
The Doctrine of Causal Connection of early Buddhism
84
The Khandhas
93
Avijja and Asava
99
Slla and Samadhi
100
Kamma
106
Upanisads and Buddhism
109
The Schools of Theravada Buddhism
112
Mahayanism
125
The Tathata Philosophy of Asvaghosa 80 a d
129
The Madhyamika or the Sunyavada schoolNihilism
138
Uncompromising Idealism or the School of Vijnanavada Buddhism
145
Sautrantika theory of Perception
151
Sautrantika theory of Inference
155
The Doctrine of Momentariness
158
The Doctrine of Momentariness and the Doctrine of Causal Efficiency Arthakriyakaritva
163
Some Ontological Problems on which the Different Indian Systems diverged
164
Brief Survey of the Evolution of Buddhist Thought
166
CHAPTER VI
169
Two Sects of Jainism 17
170
The Canonical and other Literature of the Jains
171
Some General Characteristics of the Jains
172
Life of Mahavlra
173
The Doctrine of Relative Pluralism Anekantavada
175
The Doctrine of Nayas
176
THE KAPILA AND THE PATANJALA SAMKHYA YOGA PAGE
177
The Doctrine of Syadvada
179
Knowledge its value for us
181
Theory of Perception
183
NonPerceptual knowledge
185
Knowledge as Revelation
186
The Jlvas
189
Karma Theory 19
190
Karma Asrava and Nirjara
192
Pudgala
195
Dharma Adharma Akasa
197
Kala and Samaya
198
Jaina Cosmography
199
Jaina Atheism
203
Moksa emancipation
207
A Review
208
The Germs of Samkhya in the Upanisads
211
Pralaya and the disturbance of the Prakrti Equilibrium
247
Mahat and Ahamkara
248
The Tanmatras and the Paramanus
251
Principle of Causation and Conservation of Energy
254
Change as the formation of new collocations
255
Causation as Satkaryavada the theory that the effect potentially exists before it is generated by the movement of the cause 257
257
Samkhya Atheism and Yoga Theism
258
Buddhi and Purusa
259
The Cognitive Process and some characteristics of Citta
261
Sorrow and its Dissolution
265
Citta
268
Yoga Purificatory Practices Parikarma
270
The Yoga Meditation
271
CHAPTER VIII
274
Nyaya and Vaisesika sutras
276
Does Vaisesika represent an old school of Mimamsa?
280
Philosophy in the Vaisesika sutras
285
Philosophy in the Nyaya sutras
295
Philosophy of Nyaya sutras and Vaisesika sutras
301
The Vaisesika and Nyaya Literature
305
The main doctrine of the NyayaVaisesika Philosophy
310
Dravya Guna Karma Samanya Visesa Sama
313
The Theory of Causation
319
Dissolution Pralaya and Creation Srsti
323
Proof of the Existence of IsVara
325
The NyayaVaisesika Physics
326
The Origin of Knowledge Pramana
330
The four Pramanas of Nyaya
332
Perception Pratyaksa
333
Inference
343
Upamana and Sabda
355
The necessity of the Acquirement of debating devices for the seeker of Salvation
360
The Doctrine of Soul
362
vara and Salvation
363
A Comparative Review
367
The Mimamsa Literature
369
The Paratahpramanya doctrine of Nyaya and the Svatahpramanya doctrine of Mimamsa
372
The place of Senseorgans in Perception
375
Indeterminate and Determinate Perception
378
Some Ontological Problems connected with the Doctrine of Per ception
379
The Nature of Knowledge
382
The Psychology of Illusion
384
Inference
387
Upamana Arthapatti
391
Sabdapramana
394
The Pramana of Nonperception anupalabdhi
397
Self Salvation and God
399
Mimamsa as Philosophy and Mimamsa as Ritualism
403
CHAPTER X
406
a Review
408
Vedanta Literature
418
Vedanta in Gaudapada
420
Vedanta and Safikara 788820 A D
429
The main idea of the Vedanta philosophy
439
In what sense is the worldappearance false?
443
The nature of the worldappearance phenomena
445
The Definition of Ajnana nescience
452
Ajnana established by Perception and Inference
454
Locus and Object of Ajnana Ahamkara and Antahkarana 457
457
Anirvacyavada and the Vedanta dialectic
461
The Theory of Causation
465
Vedanta theory of Perception and Inference
470
Atman Jlva IsVara Ekajlvavada and Drstisrstivada
474
Vedanta theory of Illusion
485
Vedanta Ethics and Vedanta Emancipation
489
Vedanta and other Indian systems
492
INDEX
496
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