Contract Verbs.

§ 98. Verbs in aw, ew, and ow are contracted in the present and imperfect. These tenses of τιμάω (τιμα-), honour, φιλέω (φιλε-), love, and δηλόω (δηλο-), manifest, are thus inflected :

(φιλέετε) φιλεῖτε (δηλόετε) δηλοῦτε

Ρ. 3. (τιμαέτωσαν τιμάτωσαν (φιλεέτωσαν φιλείτωσαν (δηλοέτωσαν δηλούτωσαν

13. (ετιμάτον) ετιμάτον (φιλέτον, ἐφιλείτην ἐδηλότην ἐδηλούτον

PASSIVE AND MIDDLE.

το

1. (τιμάομαι) τιμῶμαι 2. (τιμάῃ,τιμάει)τιμᾷ .3. (τιμάεται) τιμᾶται

[ 2.

Present Indicative.

(φιλέομαι) φιλοῦμαι (δηλόομαι)

δηλοῦμαι

(φιλέῃ, φιλέει)φιλῇ, φιλεῖ (δηλόῃ, δηλόει)δηλοί

(φιλέεται) φιλεῖται (δηλόεται) δηλοῦται

D. 3. (τιμάεσθον) τιμάσθον (φιλέεσθον, φιλεῖστον (δηλώεσθον, δηλοῦσθον

1. (τιμαόμεθα) τιμώμεθα (φιλεόμεθα) φιλούμεθα (δηλούμεθα) δηλούμεθα

Ρ. 2. (τιμάεσθε) τιμᾶσθε (φιλέεσθε) .3. (τιμάονται) τιμώνται

φιλεῖσθε (δηλύεσθε) δηλοῦσθε (φιλέονται) φιλοῦνται (δηλύονται)

δηλοῦνται

Present Subjunctive.

1. (τιμάωμαι) τιμῶμαι

(δηλόωμαι)

δηλῶμαι

δηλοῖ

S.

D.

1. (τιμαοίμην) τιμώμην

2. (τιμάοιο)

3. (τιμάοιτο)

(δηλόηται) δηλῶται

(φιλέωμαι) φιλῶμαι
(φιλέῃ) φιλῇ (δηλόῃ)
(φιλέηται) φιλῆται
(φιλέησθον) φιλῆσθον (δηλόησθον) δηλώσθον
(φιλέησθον) φιλῆσθον (δηλόησθον) δηλώσθον
(φιλεώμεθα) φιλώμεθα (δηλοώμεθα) δηλώμεθα
(φιλέησθε) φιλῆσθε (δηλόησθε) δηλώσθε
(φιλέωνται) φιλώνται (δηλόωνται) δηλῶνται
Present Optative.

(φιλεοίμην) φιλοίμην (δηλοοίμην) δηλοίμην

τιμῷο (φιλέσιο)
τιμῷτο (φιλέοιτο) φιλοῖτο (δηλόοιτο) δηλοῖτο

13. (τιμάοισθον τιμώσιον (φιλέοισθον, φιλοῖστον (δηλόοισθον δηλοῖσθον

[ 2. (τιμάοισθον) τιμῷσθον (φιλέοισθον) ̇ φιλοῖσθον (δηλόοισθον) δηλοῖσθον

3. (τιμαοίσθην) τιμῴσθην (φιλεοίσθην) φιλοίσθην (δηλοοίσθην) δηλοίσθην

1. (τιμαοίμεθα) τιμώμεθα (φιλεοίμεθα) φιλοίμεθα (δηλοοίμεθα) δηλοίμεθα Ρ. 2. (τιμάοισθε) τιμῷσθε (φιλέοισθε) φιλοῖσθε (δηλόοισθε) δηλοῖσθε (3. (τιμάοιντο) τιμώντο (φιλέοιντο) φιλοῖντο (δηλύοιντο) δηλοῖντο

3. (τιμαέσθω- τιμάσθωσαν (φιλεέσθω- φιλείσθωσαν(δηλοέσθω- δηλούσθωσαν

τιμπέσθων) τιμάσθων φιλεέσθων) φιλείσθων δηλοέσθων) δηλούσθων

σαν οι

or

Present Infinitive.

(τιμάεσθαι) τιμᾶσθαι (φιλέεσθαι) φιλεῖσθαι (δηλόεσθαι) δηλοῦσθαι
Present Participle.

(τιμαόμενος) τιμώμενος (φιλεόμενος) φιλούμενος (δηλούμενος) δηλούμενος

1. (ἐτιμαόμην) ἐτιμώμην

S. 2. (ἐτιμάου) 3. (ἐτιμάετο)

ἐτιμῶ

ἐτιμᾶτο

1. 2. (ἐτιμάεσθον) ἐτιμᾶσθον

D.

Imperfect.

ἐφιλεόμην) φιλούμην (ἐδηλοόμην) δηλούμην (ἐφιλέου) ἐφιλοῦ (ἐδηλόου) ἐδηλοῦ (ἐφιλέετο) ἐφιλεῖτο

[3 ἐφιλεῖστον

3. (ἐτιμαέσθην) ἐτιμάσθην

1. (ἐτιμαόμεθα) ἐτιμώμεθα Γ. 2. (ἐτιμάεσθε) ετιμᾶσθε [3. (ἐτιμάοντο) ετιμώντο

(ἐδηλύετο) δηλοῦτο

ἐφιλέεσθον) ἐφιλεῖσθον ἐδηλύεσθον) ἐδηλοῦσθον ἐφιλεέσθην ἐφιλείσθην (ἐδηλοέσθην ἐδηλούσθην

ἐφιλεόμεθα) ἐφιλούμεθα ἐδηλοόμεθα) ἐδηλούμεθα (ἐφιλέεσθε) ἐφιλεῖσθε ἐδηλύεσθε ἐδηλοῦσθε (ἐφιλέοντο) ἐφιλοῦντο (ἐδηλόοντο) δηλοῦντο

REMARK. The uncontracted forms of these tenses are never used in Attic Greek. Those of verbs in aw sometimes occur in Homer; those of verbs in ew are common in Homer and Herodotus; but those of verbs in ow are never used. For dialectic forms of these verbs, see § 120.

NOTE 1. Dissyllabic verbs in ew contract only ee and eet. Thus πλέω, sail, has pres. πλέω, πλεῖς, πλεῖ, πλεῖτον, πλέομεν, πλεῖτε, πλέουσι ; imperf. ἔπλεον, ἔπλεις, ἔπλει, &c. ; infin. πλεῖν; partic. πλέων. Δέω, bind, is the only exception, and is contracted in most forms ; as δοῦσι, δοῦμαι, δοῦνται, ἔδουν, partic. δῶν, δοῦν. Δέω, want, is contracted like πλέω.

NOTE 2. A few verbs in a haven for a in the contracted forms; as διψάω, διψώ, thirst, διψῇς, διψῇ, διψῆτε ; imperf. ἐδίψων, ἐδίψης, ἐδίψη; infin, διψήν. Το ζάω, live, κνάω, scrape, πεινάω, hunger, σμάω, smear, χράω, give oracles, with χράομαι, and ψάω, rub.

NOTE 3. Ριγόω, shiver, has infinitive ῥιγῶν (for ῥιγοῦν), and other similar forms in @. Ιδρύω, sweat, has ἱδρῶσι, ίδρῴη, ἱδρῶντι, &c.

NOTE 4. The third person singular of the imperfect active does not take v movable in the contracted form; thus ἐφίλε or ἐφίλεεν gives ἐφίλει (never ἐφίλειν). Except ἐχρῆν οι χρῆν (for έχραεν, see Note 2), and a very few poetic forms.

NOTE 5. The present infinitive active of verbs in aw and ow (in âv and ovv, not av and oîv) is probably contracted from forms in aev and oev. The infinitive in ev is Doric (§ 119, 14, c). See § 9, 4, Ν. 2.

NOTE 6. The optative active in onoav is very rare, and perhaps was never used except (contracted) in verbs in ew. (See § 115, 4.)

AUGMENT.

§ 99. 1. In the secondary tenses of the indicative, and in the perfect and future perfect of all the moods and the participle, the stem of the verb receives an augment (i.e. increase) at the beginning.

2. There are three kinds of augment, syllabic augment, temporal augment, and reduplication,

(a) The syllabic augment prefixes e to verbs beginning with a consonant; as λύω, ἔλυον.

(b) The temporal augment lengthens the first syllable of verbs beginning with a vowel or a diphthong; as ayw, lead, ἦγον ; οἰκέω, οἰκῶ, dwell, ᾤκησα.

(c) The reduplication prefixes the initial consonant followed by e in forming the perfect stem of verbs beginning with a consonant; as λύω, λέ-λυκα ; γράφω, write, yé-ypapa. For Attic reduplication see § 102.

REMARK. There is an important distinction between the augment of the imperfect and aorist, which does not belong to the tense stem and never appears except in the indicative, and the reduplication or other augment of the perfect and future perfect, which belongs to the perfect stem and is therefore retained in all the moods and the participle.

Imperfect and Aorist Indicative.

§ 100. 1. The imperfect and aorist indicative of verbs beginning with a consonant have the syllabic augment e. E.g.

Λύω, έλυον, ἔλυσα, ἐλυόμην, ἐλυσάμην, ἐλύθην ; γράφω, write, ἔγραφον, ἔγραψα, ἐγράφην ; ῥίπτω, throw, ἔρριπτον, ἐρρίφην (for pp see § 15, 2). For the pluperfect of these verbs see § 101, 4.

2. The imperfect and aorist indicative of verbs beginning with a short vowel have the temporal augment, ' which lengthens the initial vowel; ǎ and e become ŋ, and i, o, i become i, w, v. E.g.