Γίγνομαι (γεν-, γα-), become, 2 pf. γέγονα, am; (Hom. 2 pf. γεγάασι, inf. γεγάμεν, γεγαώς), Att. γεγώς (poetic).

Θνήσκω (θαν-, θνα-), die; 2 pf. τέθνατον, τέθναμεν, τέθνατε, τεθνᾶσι, opt. τεθναίην, imper. τέθναθι, τεθνάτω, inf. τεθνάναι (Hom. τεθνάμεναι or -νάμεν), part. τεθνεώς (Hom. τεθνηώς), 2 plup. ἐτέθνασαν.

Δείδω (δι-), Epic in pres., fear, Attic 2 pf. δέδια (Hom. δείδια), 2 plup. ἐδεδίειν, both regular in indic., also 2 pf. δέδιμεν, δέδιτε, 2 plup. ἐδέδισαν; subj. δεδίῃ, δεδίωσι, opt. δεδιείη, imper. δέδιθι, inf. δεδιέναι, part. δεδιώς (Hom. 2 pf. δείδιμεν, imper. δείδιθι, δείδιτε, inf. δειδίμεν, part. δειδιώς, plup. ἐδείδιμεν, ἐδείδισαν.)

[Εἴκω] (ἰκ-, εἰκ-), 2 pf. ἔοικα, seem ; also 2 pf. ἔοιγμεν, εἴξᾶσι (for ἐοίκασι), part. εἰκώς (Hom. 2 pf. ἔικτον, 2 plup. ἐίκτην), used with the regular forms of ἔοικα, ἐῴκειν (see Catalogue),

Οἶδα (ἰδ-), know ; see § 127 (paradigm).

See also poetic, chiefly Homeric, forms under the following verbs in the Catalogue : ἀνώγω, βιβρώσκω, ἐγείρω, ἔρχομαι, (καφ-), κράζω, μαίομαι, πάσχω, πείθω, πίπτω [τλάω], φύω.

5. Verbs in νυμι, with ru (after a vowel, vvv) added to the verb stem in the present. These are all infected like δείκνυμι (§ 123), and with the exception of σβέννυμι, quench (§ 122, Ν. 6), have no μι- forms except in the present and imperfect. The following belong to this class :

(Stems in a), κεράννυμι, κρεμάννυμι, πετάννυμι, σκεδάννυμι ; (stems in e), -ννυμι, κορε-ννυμι, σβέννυμι, στορέννυμι ; (stems in ω) ζώννυμι, ῥώ-ννυμι, στρώννυμι, (consonant stems), ἄγνυμι, ἄρ-νυμαι, δείκνυμι (§ 123), εἵργνυμι, ζεύγνυμι, ἀπο-κτίννυμι (υ. κτείνω), μίγνυμι, οἴγνυμι, όλ-λυμι (§ 108, V. 4, Ν. 2), ὄμ-νυμι, ὀμόργνυμι, ὅρ-νυμι, πήγνυμι (παγ-), πτάρ-νυμαι, ῥήγνυμι (ῥαγ-) στόρνυμι, φράγνυμι. See these in the Catalogue, and also Ionic or poetic (chiefly Homeric) forms under αἴνυμαι, ἄχνυμαι, γάνυμαι, δαίνυμι, καίνυμαι, κίνυμαι, ὀρέγνυμι, τάνυμαι (υ. τείνω), τίνυμαι (υ. τίνω).

Dialectic Forms of Verbs in MI.

§ 126. 1. Homer and Herodotus have many forms (some doubtful) in which verbs in nu (with stems in e) and wu have the inflection of verbs in ew and ow ; as τιθεῖ, διδοῖς, διδοῖ. So in compounds of ἵημι, as ἀνίεις (or ἀνεῖς), μεθίει (or -ιεϊ) in pres., and προΐειν, προΐεις, ἀνίει, in impf. Hom. has imperat. καθ-ίστα (Attic -η). Herod. has ἱστᾷ (for ἵστησι), ὑπερ-ετίθεα and προ-ετίθεε in impf., and προσ-θέοιτο (for -θεῖτο) &c. in opt. For ἐδίδουν, &c. and ἐτίθεις, ἐτίθει (also Attic), see § 122, 2, N. 1.

2. In the Aeolic dialect most verbs in αω, εω, and ow take the form in μι ; as φίλημι (with φίλεισθα, φίλει), in Sappho, for φιλέω, &c. ; ὅρημι, κάλημι, αἴνημι.

3. A few verbs in Hom. and Hdt. drop o in oa and σo of the second person after a vowel; as imperat. παρίστας (for -aro) and impf. ἐμάρνας (Hom.) ; ἐξεπίσται (for -ασαι), with change of a to e (Hdt.). So θέο, imperat. for θεσο (Att. θοῦ), and ἔνθεο (Hom.)

4. The Doric has τι, ντι for σι, νσι. Homer sometimes has σ0a for σ in 2 pers. sing., as δίδωσθα (δίδοισθα οι διδοῖσθα), τίθησθα ; v for σαν (with preceding vowel short) in 3 pers. plur., as ἔσταν (for ἔστησαν), ἵεν (for ἵεσαν), προτιθεν (for προετίθεσαν) ; see § 119, 9. He sometimes has it in the pres. imperat. act., as δίδωθι, ὄρνυθι (§ 121, 2, 6).

5. Herod. sometimes has ἅται, ἅτο for νται, ντo in the present and imperfect of verbs in μι, with a preceding a changed to e; as προτιθέαται (for -ενται), ἐδυνέατο (for -αντο). For the iterative endings σκον, σκομην, see § 119, 10 ; these are added directly to the stem of verbs in μι, as ἵστα-σκον, δό-σκον, ζωννύ-σκετο, ἔ-σκον (εἰμί, be).

6. Some verbs with consonant stems have a 2 aor. mid. of the μι- form in Homer ; as ἆλετο, ἄλ-μενος, from ἅλλομαι, leap; ἆρ-το, with imperat. ὄρσεο, ὄρσευ, ὄρσο, from ὄρνυμι, rouse. So πήγνυμι (ἔπηκτο). See § 125, 3.

7. (α) Herodotus sometimes leaves ew uncontracted in the subjunctive of verbs in ημι; as θέωμεν (Att. θῷμεν), διαθέωνται (-θῶνται), ἀπ-ιέωσι (Att. ἀφ-ιωσι, from ἀφίημι). He forms the subj. with εω in the plural also from stems in a ; as ἀπο-στέ-ωσι (-στῶσι), ἐπιστέωνται (for ἐπιστα-ονται, Αtt. ἐπίστωνται). Homer sometimes has these forms with εω ; as θέωμεν, στέωμεν.

(6) Generally, when the 2 aor. subj. act. is uncontracted in Homer, the final vowel of the stem is lengthened, € (or a) to eɩ or ŋ, o to w, while the connecting vowels and w are shortened to e and o in the dual and plural, except before σι (for νσι). Thus we find in Homer:

(c) A few cases of the middle inflected as in (3) occur in Homer; as βλή-εται (ν. βάλλω), ἅλεται (άλλομαι), ἀπο-θείομαι, καταθείομαι ; so κατα-θῆαι (Hesiod) for καταθε-ηαι (Att. καταθῇ).

8. For Homeric optatives of δαίνυμι, δύω, λύω, and φθίνω,—δαινῦτο, δύη, and δῦμεν, λελυτο or λελῦντο, φθίμην (for φθι-ιμην),—see those verbs in the Catalogue, and § 118, 1, Note.

9. Homer has μεναι or μεν (the latter only after a short vowel) for val in the infinitive. The final vowel of the stem is rarely lengthened in the present ; as τιθέμεναι, rarely τιθήμεναι. In the 2 aor. act. the vowel is regularly long (§ 121, 1), as στήμεναι, γνώ-μεναι ; but τίθημι and δίδωμι (§ 125, 3, Ν. 2) have θέ-μεναι and δό-μεναι. For η-μεναι in the aor. pass. infin. see § 119, 14. In the perfect of the μι- form (§ 125, 4), we have ἑστά-μεναι, ἑστά-μεν, τεθνάμεναι, τεθνάμεν.

10. Homer rarely has ημενος for εμενος in the participle. For perf. part. in ws (ews, nws), see § 110, IV. (d), N. 3.

Irregular Verbs of the MI-Form.

§ 127. The verbs εἰμί, be, είμι, go, ἵημι, send, φημί, say, ἡμαι, sit, κείμαι, lie, and the second perfect οἶδα, know, are thus inflected.

Fut. Opt. ἐσοίμην, ἔσοιο, ἔσοιτο, &c. regular.

Fut. Infin. ἔσεσθαι.

Verb. Adj. ἐστέον (συν-εστέον).

Fut. Partic. ἐσόμενος.

An imperfect middle ἤμην, was, rarely occurs.

NOTE 1. In compounds of εἰμί (as in those of εἶμι) the participle keeps the accent of the simple form ; as παρών, παροῦσα, παρόν, συνόντες, συνοῦσι, συνόντων. So in the subjunctive, where ὦ is contracted from Ionic ἔω; as παρῶ, παρῇς, &c. So παρέσται (for παρέσεται).

NOTE 2. DIALECTS. Pres. Indic. Aeolic ἐμμί, the most primitive form, nearest to έσ-μι (see foot-note on p. 143). Ionic eis, Hom. ἐσσί (for el) ; Ionic εἰμέν (for ἐσμέν); Ionic Χάσι, Doric ἐντί (for εἰσί).

Imperf. Hom. ἦα, ἔα, ἔον (in 1 pers. sing.); ἔησθα (2 pers.); ήεν, την, την (3 pers.) ; ἔσαν (for ἦσαν). Hdt. ἔα, ἔας, ἔατε. Later ἦs for ἦσθα. Ionic (iterative) ἔσκον.

Future. Hom. ἔσσομαι, &c., with ἐσσεῖται ; Dor. ἐσσῆ, ἐσσοῦνται ; Hom. ἔσεται.

Subj. Ionic ἔω, &c., ἔωσι ; Hom. also εἴω.

Opt. Ionic ἔοις, ἔοι.

Imper. Hom. ἔσ-σο (the regular form, § 116, 1).

Infin. Hom. έμμεναι, ἔμεναι, ἔμεν; Dor. ἦμεν οι εἶμεν ; Lyric ἔμμεν.

Partic. Ionic ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν.

Future εἴσομαι and aorist εἰσάμην (or ἐεισάμην) are Homeric.

NOTE 1. In compounds the participle has the accent of the simple form ; as παριών, παριοῦσα, παριόντος, παριοῦσι. (See I. Note 1).

NOTE 2. The present eu generally has a future sense, shall go, taking the place of a future of ἔρχομαι, whose future ἐλεύσομαι is not often used in Attic prose.

NOTE 3. DIALECTS. Pres. Ind. Hom. εἶσθα for eἶ.* Imperf. Hom. ἤϊα, ήϊον (in 1 pers. sing.); ἤϊε, ᾖε, ἴε (in 3 pers. ) ; ἴτην (in dual); ᾔομεν, ἤϊον, ἤϊσαν (ᾖσαν), ἴσαν (in plural). Hdt. ἤϊα, ήϊε, ἤϊσαν.

Subj. Hom. ἴησθα, ἴησι. opt. Hom. ἰείη (for ἴοι). ΐμεναι οι ΐ-μεν (for i-έναι), rarely ἴμμεναι.

* in Hegioa eis.

Infin. Hom.