PUBLISHERS' NOTE.

The unusual number of Errata is accounted for by the fact that the author being in America and the printer in London, and it being important that the book should come out in time for the Michaelmas School Term, some sheets had to be printed off without the author's final revision. All these mistakes will be corrected in the plates before the next Edition.

ERRATA.

Page 16, line 8, § 17, 2, Note, add, "Here the initial

172,

ever the second aspirate is lost."

reappears when

5 of Note, for "§ 56, 1, Note," read "§ 56, 2, Note."
3 of Note 3, for "$ 59, 4," read "§ 59, 3."
12, for σε δεικνύσαν” read “ δεικνυσαν.”

66

9, for “ φιλοῦντοιν” read “ φιλούντοιν.”

66

7, for "§ 95, N." read "§ 95, 1, Note."

7 from bottom, for "paveis" read" pavels.'

66

6 of Note 4, insert Epic" before" ἄλαλκον,” and add

"See also viπTW."

7 of § 101, for "(§ 113, N. 2)" read "(§ 109, 6, N.)."
5, for είμαρτα” read “ εἵμαρται.”

3 of Note 2, for "ýкηкoveι," read “ǹкŋków," and for
“ ἀπόλωλα” read “ ἀπ-όλωλα.”
66

4 of Note 1, add "See аo-aрíσкw (§ 108, VI. N. 1.)”
11, for “ εἴωθα (ἔθω-)” read “ εἴωθα (ἐθ-, ὠθ- or ἐωθ-),”
7 from bottom, for "(§ 16, 6)," read "(§ 16, 5)," and
add συγκέχυκα after συν-έχεον.

21, add, "But see ¿doπoléw."

66

2, insert “úxw (4x-)” after “ppúyw (Opŭy-).”
4, insert before "

Τρώγω, "See also elkw (ik-).”
6 of Note, for "xéw," read "most tenses of xéw."
3 from bottom, insert "enter" after "dów."

4 from bottom, for "N. 2," read "N. 3."
8 from bottom, for "πpotew" read “πpotew.”
10, for “ ἑστά-μεν” read “ ἑστάμεν.”

66

175, 13 from bottom, for elka, eÎkas, eÎke, &c." read

66

Page 209, line 12 from bottom, insert “Távтa 8 TI Boúλovтaι, everything, whatsoever they want," after "antecedent; as." 242,,, 4 of § 192, 1, insert "μerati" before “eveкa.” 243, 6, for "nμpieσμévn" read ". · ἠμφιεσμένη.” 18 of Note 2, for

244,

247,

248,

object accusative" read "accusative or

8 from bottom, for "The verbal in," &c., read "The personal verbal in -Téos takes the dative, the impersonal in -Téov the dative or accusative, of the agent (§ 188, 4).” 11 of § 199, after "ȧTETÉμπетo" add "abrous, he dismissed them."

66

7 of Note 6, for "(§ 130, 2)" read "(§ 127).”

4 of Note 2, for "(§ 203) " read "(§ 244, N. 1)."
2, for "See § 95, Note " read "See § 95, 1, Note."
2 of Note, for "(§ 98, 3)" read "(§ 118, 6)."

252, 6 of Note 2, for "(See § 279, 2) "read" (See § 279, 4).”
9 of Note 2, for "(§ 227)" read " (§ 277)."

258,

267

268,

9 of § 206, for "(§ 226, N. 2)" read (§ 226, 2, N. 2)." 11 of § 226, for "(See § 122, 2) " read " (See § 119, 10)." 14, for "(§ 224) " read " (§ 226, 2)."

7 of Remark, for "λoito" read "EXOLTO."

4, for "(§ 222, N. 1)" read "(§ 223, N. 1.)"
5, dele comma after "uerpia."

268, 7, for “ φῆς, οὐκ ἂν” read “ φῂς, οὐκ ἄν.”
12, for (§ 122, 2)" read "(§ 113, 2, N. 4)."
269, 2 of Note 2, for "vñ," read “vñ3."

66

270, 1, for "be great senselessness" read "be a great absurdity.” ,, 270,,, 10 of § 225, for "Tâ" read “Tà.”

270, 4 of Note 1, § 225, dele comma after “Tλéovs."
2, for "See § 223, N. 1," read "See § 233, N. 1."
4, insert "in poetry" before "for."

271,,,

271,,,

278, 5, for “ μέλη” read “ μέλη.”

286,,,

15, for "elv," read “¿eiv."

287, 9, for "(§ 226, N. 1)," read "(§ 226, 4, N. 1)."
4 from bottom, for "-kéкuka," read "-κéxiкa."

359,

PART I.

LETTERS, SYLLABLES, AND ACCENTS.

THE ALPHABET.

§ 1. THE Greek Alphabet has twenty-four letters :

REMARK. The Greek u was represented by the Latin y, and was probably pronounced somewhat like the French or the German ü. For remarks on Pronunciation see the Preface.

NOTE 1. At the end of a word the form s is used, elsewhere the forn σ ; thus σύστασις.

NOTE 2. Two obsolete letters-Vau or Digamma (F or 5), equivalent to For W, and Koppa (9), equivalent to Q-and also the character San (7), a form of Sigma, are used as numerals (§ 76). The first of these had not entirely disappeared in pronunciation when the Homeric poems were composed, and the metre of many verses in these is explained only by admitting its presence. Many forms also which seem irregular are explained only on the supposition that F has been omitted: see § 53, 3, N. 1; § 54, N.; § 108, II., 2.

VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS.

§ 2. The vowels are a, e, n, i, o, w, and v.

Of these, e and o are always short; 7 and w are always long; a, ɩ, and are sometimes short and sometimes long, whence they are called doubtful vowels.

NOTE. A, 6, 7, o, and a from their pronunciation are called open vowels; and v are called close vowels.

§ 3. The diphthongs (Sí-p0oyyou, double sounds) are ai, av, El, Eu, ol, ov, nu, vi, a, n, w. These are formed by the union of an open vowel with a close one; except vi, which is formed of the two close vowels. The union of a long vowel (ā, n, w) with forms the (so called) improper diphthongs a, 7, w. The Ionic dialect has also a diphthong wv.

NOTE. In a, 7, q, the is now written below the first vowel, and is called iota subscript. But with capitals it is written in the line; as in THI ΚΩΜΩΙΔΙΑΙ, τῇ κωμῳδίᾳ, and in "Ωιχετο, ᾤχετο. This was written as an ordinary letter as long as it was pronounced, that is, until the first century B.C.

BREATHINGS.

§ 4. 1. Every vowel or diphthong at the beginning of a word has either the rough breathing () or the smooth breathing ('). The rough breathing shows that the vowel is aspirated, i.e. that it is preceded by the sound of h; the