Singular.

Ν. (φιλέων) φιλών (φιλέουσα) φιλοῦσα (φιλέον)

G. (φιλέοντος) φιλοῦντος
D. (φιλέοντι) φιλοῦντι
Α. (φιλέοντα) φιλοῦντα
V. (φιλέων) φιλῶν

φιλοῦν

(φιλεούσης) φιλούσης (φιλέοντος) φιλοῦντος
(φιλεούσῃ) φιλούσῃ (φιλέοντι) φιλοῦντι
(φιλέουσαν) φιλοῦσαν (φιλέον) φιλοῦν
(φιλέουσα) φιλοῦσα (φιλέον) φιλοῦν

Dual.

Ν. (φιλέοντε) φιλοῦντε (φιλεούσα) φιλούσα (φιλέοντε) φιλοῦντε
G. (φιλεόντοιν)φιλούντοιν (φιλεούσαιν) φιλούσαιν(φιλεόντοιν φιλούντοιν

Plural.

Ν. (φιλέοντες) φιλοῦντες (φιλέουσαι) φιλοῦσαι (φιλέοντα) φιλοῦντα
G. (φιλεόντων)φιλούντων (φιλεουσῶν) φιλουσῶν (φιλεόντων)φιλούντων
D. (φιλέουσι) φιλούσι (φιλεούσαις) φιλούσαις(φιλέουσι) φιλοῦσι
Α. (φιλέοντας) φιλοῦντας (φιλεούσας) φιλούσας (φιλέοντα) φιλοῦντα
V. (φιλέοντες) φιλοῦντες (φιλέουσαι) φιλοῦσαι (φιλέοντα) φιλοῦντα

The present participles of verbs in ów (contracted ) are declined like φιλῶν, the contracted form of φιλέων. Thus δηλῶν, δηλοῦσα, δηλοῦν, manifesting ; gen. δηλοῦντος, δηλούσης ; dat. δηλοῦντι, δηλούσῃ, &c. The uncontracted form of verbs in ów is not used.

NOTE. A few second perfect participles in aws of the - form (§ 124) have ώσα in the feminine, and retain @ in the oblique cases. They are contracted in Attic; as (ἑσταώς, ἑσταῶσα, ἑσταός), contr. ἑστώς, ἑστῶσα, ἑστός (irregular for ἑστώς), standing ; gen. ἑστῶτος, ἑστώσης, ἑστῶτος, &c. But τεθνεώς, τεθνεῶσα, τεθνεός, dead, fron θνήσκω, always remains uncontracted. See § 110, iv. (d), Ν. 3.

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES.

§ 70. The irregular adjectives, μέγας, great, πολύς, much, and pâos, mild, are thus declined :

NOTE 1. Most of the forms of μέγας and πολύς are derived from stems in o, μεγαλο- and πολλο·. Πολλός, ή, όν, is found in Homer and Herodotus, declined regularly throughout. In Homer, πολύς has forms πολέος, πολέες, πολέων, &c., which must not be confounded with Epic forms of πόλις (§ 53, 1, Ν. 3).

NOTE 2. Προs has two stems, one πράο- (written also πρᾳ0-) from which the masculine and neuter are generally formed; and one pa❞ (never πραϋ-) from which the feminine and some other forms come (§ 67, 2). There is an Epic form πρηύς (Lyric πραύς) coming from the latter stem. The forms belonging to the two stems differ in accent.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.

I. Comparison by -τερος -τατος.

§ 71. Most adjectives add τερος to the stem to form the comparative, and τατος to form the superlative. Stems in o with a short penult change o to w before repos and τατος. E.g.

Κούφος (κουφο-), light, κουφότερος, lighter, κουφότατος, lightest.
Σοφός (σοφο-), wise, σοφώτερος, wiser, σοφώτατος, wisest.

Σεμνός (σεμνο-), august, σεμνότερος, σεμνότατος.

Πικρός (πικρο-), bitter, πικρότερος, πικρότατος.

Οξύς (οξυ-), sharp, ὀξύτερος, ὀξύτατος.

Μέλας (μελαν-), black, μελάντερος, μελάντατος.

̓Αληθής (ἀληθεσ-), true, ἀληθέστερος, ἀληθέστατος. (§ 52, 1).

NOTE 1. Stems in o do not lengthen o to w if the penultimate vowel is followed by a mute and a liquid (19, 3). See πικρός above.

ΝΟΤΕ 2. Μέσος, middle, and a few others drop os and add αίτερος and αίτατος ; as μέσος, μεσαίτερος, μεσαίτατος.

NOTE 3. Adjectives in oos drop os and add έστερος and έστατος, which are contracted with o to ούστερος and ούστατος ; as (εὔνοος) εὔνους, well-disposed, ευνούστερος, εὐνούστατος.

NOTE 4. Adjectives in or add έστερος and έστατος to the stem ; as σώφρων (σωφρον-), prudent, σωφρονέστερος, σωφρονέστατος.

NOTE 5. Adjectives in eis change fnal εντ- of the stem to εσ-, and add τερος and τατος ; as χαρίεις (χαριεντ-), graceful, χαριέστερος, χαριέ

στατος.

II. Comparison by -ιων, -ιστος.

§ 72. 1. Some adjectives in us and pos are compared by changing these endings to wr and ιστος. E.g.

Ηδύς, sweet, ἡδίων, ἥδιστος.

Ταχύς, swift, ταχίων (commonly θάσσων, § 12, 2, Ν.), τάχιστος,
Αἰσχρός, base, αἰσχίων, αἴσχιστος.

Εχθρός, hostile, ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος.

Κυδρός (poet.), glorious, κυδίων, κύδιστος.

NOTE. Some adjectives have both ιων, ιστος and τερος, τατος.

2. Comparatives in iwv, neuter iov, are thus declined :—

ΝΟΤΕ 1. The terminations -ova, -oves, -ovas may drop v, and be contracted into -w and -ous. (§ 47, Ν. 1.) The vocative singular of these comparatives seems not to occur.

the neuter singular see § 25, 1, Note.

For the recessive accent in

NOTE 2. The irregular comparatives in wv (§ 73) are declined like ἡδίων.

III. Irregular Comparison.

§ 73. 1. The following are the most important cases of irregular comparison :—

μικρότατος,

5. μικρός, small, μικρότερος,

(Hom. ἐλάχεια,

fem. of ἐλαχύς), ἐλάσσων οι ἐλάττων (§ 16, 7), ἐλάχιστος,

NOTE. Irregularities in the comparison of the following words will be found in the Lexicon :

αἰσχρός, ἀλγεινός, ἅρπαξ, ἄφθονος, ἄχαρις, βαθύς, βλάξ, βραδύς, γεραιός, γλυκύς, ἐπιλήσμων, ἐπίχαρις, ἥσυχος, ἴδιος, ἴσος, λάλος, μάκαρ, μακρός, νέος, παλαιός, παχύς, πέπων, πίων, πλησίος, πρέσβυς, προύργου, πρώτος, σπουδαῖος, σχολαῖος, ψευδής, ὠκύς.

2. Some comparatives and superlatives have no positive, but their stem generally appears in an adverb or preposition. E.g.

̓Ανώτερος, upper, ἀνώτατος, uppermost, from ἄνω, up; πρότερος, former, πρῶτος or πρώτιστος, first, from πρό, before ; κατώτερος, lower, κατώτατος, lowest, from κάτω, downward.

See in the Lexicon ἀγχότερος, ἀφάρτερος, κερδίων, ὁπλότερος, προσώτερος, ῥίγιον (neuter), ὑπέρτερος, ὕστερος, ὑψίων, φαάντερος, with their regular superlatives ; also ἔσχατος aud κήδιστος.

3. Comparatives and superlatives may be formed from nouns, and even from pronouns. E.g.

Βασιλεύς, ling, βασιλεύτερος, a greater king, βασιλεύτατος, the greatest ling ; κλέπτης, thief, κλεπτίστερος, κλεπτίστατος ; κύων, dog, κύντερος, more impudent, κύντατοs, most impudent. Το αὐτός, self, αὐτότατος, his very self, ipsissimus.