There are two irregular Adjectives in vs and ας, πολὺς many, and péyas great, which are declined, for the most part, as if they were πολλὸς and μέγαλος ; thus § 31. Adjectives of two terminations in the Nom. and mostly in the Accus. (but in Gen. and Dat. of only one), are of eight kinds. (1) Almost all compound Adjectives ending in os, and some others (especially those ending in quos) which form their Neuter in ov, as ὁ and ἡ ἀθάνατος immortal, τὸ ἀθάνατον, ὁ and ἡ δόκιμος approved, τὸ δόκιμον. These are declined all through like καλός, except that they have no distinct feminine forms. (2) Adjectives ending in ns, which form their Neuter in es, as ἀληθὴς true. Dual, N.V.A. τώ, τὰ, τὼ ἀληθές G.D. τοῖν, ταῖν, τοῖν ἀληθέοιν τοῖν Plural. N.V. οἱ and αἱ ἀληθέες -εῖς, τὰ ἀληθέα -ἢ Α. τοὺς and τὰς ἀληθέας -εῖς, τὰ ἀληθέα -ἢ G. τῶν ἀληθέων -ὧν D. τοῖς, ταῖς, τοῖς ἀληθέσι. (3) Adjectives ending in us, which form their Neuter in ι, as εὔχαρις gracious. Sing. N. ὁ and ἡ εὔχαρις, τὸ εὔχαρι Α. τον and τὴν εὔχαριν, τὸ εὔχαρι G. τοῦ, τῆς, τοῦ εὐχάριτος D. τῷ, τῇ, τῷ εὐχάριτι. Almost all Adjectives of this kind are compounds, and are declined like the Substantives from which they are derived, except that the Masculine and Feminine of the Accusative always end in ιν. (4) Adjectives ending in ηr, which form their Neuter in ε», as ἄρσην masculine. Sing. N. ὁ and ἡ ἄρσην, τὸ ἄρσεν Α. τὸν and τὴν ἄρσενα, τὸ ἄρσεν G. τοῦ, τῆς, τοῦ ἄρσενος D. τῷ, τῇ, τῷ ἄρσενι. (5) Adjectives ending in wr, which form their Neuter in ov, as σώφρων temperate. Sing. N. ὁ and ἡ σώφρων, τὸ σῶφρον Α. τὸν and τὴν σώφρονα, τὸ σῶφρον G. τοῦ, τῆς, τοῦ σώφρονος D. τῷ, τῇ, τῷ σώφρονι. (6) Adjectives ending in ous, which form their Neuter in ουν, as εὔνους benevolent. Sing. N. ὁ and ἡ εὔνους, τὸ εὔνουν Α. τὸν, τὴν, τὸ εὔνουν G. τοῦ, τῆς, τοῦ εὔνου D. τῷ, τῇ, τῷ εὔνῳ. (7) Compound Adjectives ending in us, which form their Neuter in v, as δίπηχυς fuo cubits long. Sing. N. ὁ and ἡ δίπηχυς, τὸ δίπηχυ Α. τον and τὴν δίπηχυν, τὸ δίπηχυ G. τοῦ, τῆς, τοῦ διπήχεος D. τῷ, τῇ, τῷ διπηχέει. (8) Attic Adjectives ending in ws, which form their Neuter in wv, as news propitious. Sing. N. ὁ and ἡ ἵλεως, τὸ ἔλεων Α. τὸν, τὴν, τὸ ἵλεων G. τοῦ, τῆς, τοῦ ἵλεω D. τῷ, τῇ, τῷ ἵλεω. § 32. Adjectives of one termination (but in the Accusative, of two) have many endings. The following may be taken as an example: Ν. ὁ, ἡ, τὸ, πένης poor, G. πένητος, D. πένητι. But in A. τὸν, τὴν πένητα, τὸ πένης. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES § 33. ADJECTIVES in forming their Degrees of Comparison generally add repos for the Comparative, and raros for the Superlative; as μάκαρ happy, μακάρ -τερος, μακάρ -τατος. But further than this, (α) Adjectives ending in os, throw away s, as ἔνδοξος famous, ἐνδοξό -τερος, ἐνδοξό -τατος. Moreover, those which have a short penultima change o into @, as φρόνιμος prudent, -ώτερος, -ώτατος. (b) Adjectives ending in eus omit the of the diphthong, as χαρίεις gracious, χαριέσ -τερος, χαριέσ -τατος. (c) Adjectives ending in as and ηs, and some of those ending in us (comp. below, § 34) take their Neuter forms, av, es, and v, instead of the Masculine, as (d) Adjectives ending in wv, besides using the form of the Neuter, insert the syllable es, as εὐδαίμων happy, Neut. -or, εὔδαιμον -έστερος, -έστατος. (e) Adjectives ending in §, resolve the έ into its original letters, and insert between them either e or, as § 34. Certain Adjectives, especially those ending in us, more commonly form their Comparatives and Superlatives in ίων, ιστος, as ἡδὺς sweet, -ίων, -ιστος ; κακὸς bad, -ίων, -ιστος. Some ending in pos drop the p before -ίων and - στος, as ρ § 35. Comparatives in wr, as ἥσσων less, are contracted in For Comparison of Adverbs, see below, § 97. |