Euening and morning makes first day:
Wicked and godly make first age:

Some Sathans lore, some God obay,

And mutuall warres with other wage.

But in Iehouahs day of doome,

Darknesse, of day is ouercome.

On the last page is a woodcut device of a marigold with the letters G S., and a few Errata.

Baron Bolland's sale, No. 651, 1. 11s. It is not in the Bibl. Ang. Poet. Collation: Sig. A to D 3, in fours.

In Calf extra.

CLEVELAND, (JOHN.)

The Character of a Loudon Diurnall: With severall select Poems. By the same Author.

Printed in the Yeere clo loc xlvii. (1647.) 4to. pp. 52.

The prose tract at the beginning, "The Character of a London Diurnall,” was first printed by itself in 1644, but the present is the first collected edition of Cleveland's poems, which afterwards ran through so many impressions, and were so much praised and admired by the followers of the Royal party. It contains sixteen pieces, exclusive of a Latin epitaph on the Earl of Strafford, and among them is "The Hermaphrodite," which, although printed in Randolph's Works, was the undoubted production of Cleveland; and also the celebrated satire on the Scottish Covenanters, called "The Rebel Scot," which first appeared in this edition. It is quoted at length in an article on Cleveland's Works in the Retrosp. Rev., vol. xii. p. 123, and therefore not necessary to be repeated here. These poems are chiefly noted for their wit and satire, and being for the most part directed against the Puritanical party, and relating to the political events and characters of those times, they have lost much of their interest, and cause us to regret that the author did not pursue the purer and more simple paths of the Muses, instead of the turbid and muddy stream of politics and party spirit. The following passage forms a portion of one of the very few poems which are not connected with politics:

Upon Phillis walking in a morning before Sun-rising.

The sluggish morne, as yet undrest,

My Phillis brake from out her East,

As if shee'd made a match to run
With Venus, Usher to the sun.

The Trees, like yeomen of her guard,
Serving more for pomp then ward,
Rank't on each side with loyall duty,
Weave branches to enclose her beauty.
The Plants whose luxury was lopt,
Or age with crutches underpropt;
Whose wooden carkases are growne
To be but coffins of their owne;
Revive, and at her generall dole
Each receives his ancient soule.
The winged Choristers began

To chirpe their Mattins:-and the Fan
Of whistling winds like Organs plai'd
Untill their Voluntaries made
The wakened earth in Odours rise
To be her morning Sacrifice.
The flowers, call'd out of their beds,
Start, and raise up their drowsie heads:
And he that for thher colour seekes,
May find it vaulting in her cheekes,
Where Roses mixe: No Civil War
Between her Yorke and Lancaster.

John Cleveland or Cleiveland was born in 1613 at Loughborough in Leicestershire, where his father was then curate, and was the eldest son of the Rev. Thomas Cleveland, M.A., afterwards Vicar of Hinckley and Rector of Stoke in the same county. He was educated at Hinckley under the Rev. Richard Vynes, the schoolmaster there, a man of talent and learning, afterwards a distinguished and well-known member of the Presbyterian party, by whom he was well grounded in Greek and Latin. He removed from thence to Cambridge in his fifteenth year, and entered at Christ's College in Sept. 1627, and took his degree of B.A. in 1631, and of M.A. in 1635. In 1634 he was elected a fellow of St. John's College in the same University, and resided there for about nine years, the delight and ornament of that society, and was the tutor of several distinguished and learned men, Dr. Turner, Bishop of Rochester and Ely; Dr. John Lake, Bishop of Chichester; Dr. Drake, Vicar of Pontefract, and others. Not having taken orders, as was necessary within six years, to enable him to retain his fellowship, he went out in Law in 1640, and afterwards in Physic in 1642; became rhetoric reader, and being in repute for the purity of his Latin style, was employed by his college in composing their specches and epistles to

eminent persons. Cleveland was strongly and personally opposed to the election of Oliver Cromwell for Cambridge, who however succeeded in being returned by a single vote, which Cleveland declared had “ruined both Church and kingdom." On the breaking out of the Civil War, having been deprived of his fellowship at St. John's along with several others in 1644 by the Earl of Manchester, for refusing to take the Covenant, he joined the Royal army at the head quarters at Oxford, and gained much praise and admiration for his satirical poems against the Scotch Presbyterians, one of the earliest of which was "The Rebel Scot," and followed by some others of a similar kind, such as "The Mixt Assembly," "The Character of a London Diurnall," and "The Committee Man."

From Oxford he went to the siege of Newark, where he acted as Judge Advocate under Sir Richard Willis the Governor, until it surrendered in 1646. From that time, being deprived of all means of support except what he derived from the kindness of his friends, he followed the fortunes of suffering and distressed loyalty, heightened by the malice and hatred of his enemies, which ended in his being seized at Norwich in 1655 as a dangerous person and disaffected to the reigning government, and imprisoned for a long time at Yarmouth, from whence he forwarded a petition to the Protector remarkable for its boldness and address, which obtained him his liberty. He then retired to London, and settled in chambers at Grays Inn, where being much admired among all those of his own party, he became a member of a club of wits and loyalists, frequented also by the author of Hudibras; but being seized with an intermittent fever, he died there on the 29th April 1658, and was interred with a splendid funeral, followed by a large attendance of friends, at St. Michael's on College Hill, his funeral sermon being preached by Dr. John Pearson, afterwards Bishop of Chester. Numerous poems and elegies were composed to his memory, and his verses were for some time in great request. But although so popular at that time his poems have since fallen into disregard, and are almost forgotten. Full of metaphysical thoughts, of extravagant conceits, and coarse vulgarities, they want that beautiful simplicity and refinement in language and feeling which satisfy every mind, and are delightful in every age. There is a full account of Cleveland in Nichols's Hist. of Leicestershire, vol. iii. p. 913, and vol. iv. pt. ii. p. 727, the author of which was a descendant of this family; and from the same source we learn that Dr. Thomas Percy, Bishop of Dromore, by whom the poet's life was written in the last edition of the Biogr.

Britann., vol. iii. p. 628, was also descended from the same family, his grandmother being the youngest daughter of the Rev. William Cleveland, Rector of All Saints', Worcester, great-grandson of a brother of the poet. See also Nash's Hist. of Worcestershire, vol. i. p. 331, and vol. ii. p. 93; Lloyd's Memoirs, p. 168; Fuller's Worthies, p. 135; Phillips's Theat. Poet., vol. ii. p. 26, edit. 1824; Winstanley's Lives, p. 172; Granger's Biog. Hist., vol. iii. p. 126, edit. 1824; Chalmers's Biog. Dict., vol. ix. p. 468; Retrosp. Rev., vol. xii. p. 123; and Bibl. Ang. Poet., p. 156.

Cleveland is not noticed by either Ellis or Campbell in their selections. Collation Sig. A to G 2, in fours.

Half-bound in Calf.

CLEVELAND, (JOHN.)

J. Cleaveland Revived: Poems, Orations, Epistles, and other of his Genuine Incomparable Pieces, never before publisht. With some other Exquisite Remains of the most eminent Wits of both the Universities that were his Contemporaries.

Non norunt hæc Monumenta mori.

London, Printed for Nathaniel Brook, at the Angel in Corn-hill, (1659.) Sm. 8vo. pp. 168.

Prefixed to this posthumous edition is an engraved portrait of the author: a bust crowned with laurel (no engraver's name) inscribed "Vera Effigies J. Cleaulandi," and underneath:

For weighty Numbers, sense, misterious wayes

Of happie Wit, Great Cleauland claimes his Baies.

Sepultus Colleg. Whitintonij. 1. May. Ano. 1658.

These poems and other remains of Cleveland were collected together by E. Williamson, who in an address "To the Discerning Reader," dated from Newark, November 21st, 1658, says:

It was my fortune to be in Newark when it was besieged, where I saw a few Manuscripts of Mr. Cleavelands. They were offered to the judicious consideration of one of the most accomplisht persons of our age: He refusing to have them in any further examination, as he did not conceive that they could be published without some injury to Mr. Cleaveland; from which time they have remained sealed and lockt up; neither can I wonder at this obstruction, when I consider the disturbances our Authour met with in the time of the Siege; how scarce and bad the paper was, VOL. II. PART II. 3 G

the ink hardly to be discerned on it. The intimacie I had with Mr. Cleaveland, before and since these civill wars, gained most of these papers from him: it being not the least of his misfortunes, out of the love he had to pleasure his friends, to be unfurnisht with his own manuscripts, as I have heard him say often, he was not so happy, as to have any considerable collection of his own papers, they being dispersed amongst his friends: some whereof, when he writ for them, he had no other answer, but that they were lost, or through the often reading, transcribing or folding of them, worn to pieces; so that though he knew where he formerly bestowed some of them, yet they were not to be regained: for which reason the Poems he had left in his hands, being so few, he could not (though he was often sollicited with honour to himself) give his consent to the publishing of them, though indeed most of his former printed Poems were truly his own, except such as have been lately added to make up the Volume. At the first some few of his Verses were printed with the Character of the London Diurnal, a stitcht pamphlet in quarto. Afterwards, as I have heard M. Cleaveland say, the copies of verses that he communicated to his friends-the Bookseller by chance meeting with them, being added to his book, they sold him another Impression: In like manner such small additions (though but a paper or two of his incomparable Verses or Prose) posted off other Editions. I acknowledge some few of these papers I received from one of Mr. Cleaveland's neere acquaintance, which, when I sent to his ever to be honoured friend of Grayes Inne, he had not at that time the leasure to peruse them: but for what he had read of them, he told the person I had intrusted, That he did beleeve them to be Mr. Cleavelands, he having formerly spoken of such papers of his, that were abroad in the hands of his friends, whom he could not remember. My intention was to reserve the collection of these manuscripts for my own private use; but finding many of these, I had in my hands, already publisht in the former Poems, not knowing what further proceedings might attend the forwardnesse of the Presse, I thought myself concerned, not out of any worldly ends of profit, but out of a true affection to my deceased friend, to publish these his never before extant pieces in Latine and English, and to make this to be somewhat like a volume for the study. Some other Poems are intermixed, such as the Reader shall find to be of such persons as were for the most part Mr. Cleavelands contemporaries; some of them no lesse eminently known to the three Nations. I hope the world cannot be so far mistaken in his Genuine Muse, as not to discern his pieces from any of the other Poems; neither can I beleeve there are any persons so unkinde, as not candidly to entertain the heroick fancies of the other Gentlemen that are worthily placed to live in this Volume; some of their Poems, contrary to my expectation, I being at such a distance, I have since heard, were before in print: but as they are so excellently good, and so few, the Reader (I hope) will the more freely accept them.

After this long address are eight "Verses that came too late, intended for Mr. J. Cleaveland pictured with his Laurell," signed "E. W." i.e. E. Williamson. The poems are chiefly similar to what had appeared before.