Atlas, Mount, description of, i. 31, note.

Attacotti, a Caledonian tribe of cannibals, account of, ii. 567, note M.
Attalus, præfect of Rome, is chosen emperor by the senate, under the in-
fluence of Alaric, iii. 278. Is publicly degraded, 280. His future for
tune, 306.

Attalus, a noble youth of Auvergne, his adventures, iii. 606.
Attila, the Hun, iii. 388. Description of his person and character, 389.
His conquests, 391, 392. His treatment of his captives, 399. Imposes
terms of peace on Theodosius the Younger, 401, 402. Oppresses Theo-
dosius by his ambassadors, 403, 404. Description of his royal residence,
409. Supposed to have been at Buda, 409, note M. His reception of
the ambassadors of Theodosius, 411, 415. His behavior on discovering
the scheme of Theodosius to get him assassinated, 417. His haughty
messages to the emperors of the East and West, 420. His invasion of
Gaul, 433. His oration to his troops on the approach of Etius and
Theodoric, 439. Battle of Chalons, 439. His invasion of Italy, 443.
His retreat purchased by Valentinian, 450. His death, 451.
Atys and Cybele, the fable of, allegorized by the pen of Julian, ii. 415.
Augurs, Roman, their number and peculiar office, iii. 132.

Augustin, his account of the miracles wrought by the body of St. Stephen,
iii. 159. Celebrates the piety of the Goths in the sacking of Rome, 283.
Approves the persecution of the Donatists of Africa, 373. His death,
character, and writings, 376. History of his relics, iv. 133, note.
Augustulus, son of the patrician Orestes, is chosen emperor of the West,
iii. 501. Is deposed by Odoacer, 510, 512. His banishment to the Lu-
cullan villa in Campania, 513.

Augustus, emperor, his moderate exercise of power, i. 2. Is imitated by
his successors, 3. His naval regulations, 21. His division of Gaul, 22.
His situation after the battle of Actium, 73. He reforms the senate, 74.
Procures a senatorial grant of the Imperial dignity, 75. Division of the
provinces between him and the senate, 78. Is allowed his military com-
mand and guards in the city of Rome, 78. Obtains the consular and

tribunitian offices for life, 79. His character and policy, 86. Adopts
Tiberius, 90. Formed an accurate register of the revenues and expenses
of the empire, 187. Taxes instituted by him, 189. His naval establish-
ments at Ravenna, iii. 211.

Augustus and Cæsar, those titles explained and discriminated, i. 85.
Aurelian, emperor, his birth and services, i. 339. His expedition against
Palmyra, 353. His triumph, 358. His cruelty and death, 363, 364.
Aurengzebe, account of his immense camp, i. 241, note.

Aureolus is invested with the purple on the Upper Danube, i. 330.
Ausonius, tutor of the emperor Gratian, his promotions, iii. 73, note.

Autharis, king of the Lombards in Italy, his wars with the Franks, iv.
407. His adventurous gallantry, 413.

Autun, the city of, stormed and plundered by the legions in Gaul, i. 349.
Auvergne, province and city of, in Gaul, revolutions of, iii. 604.

Auxiliaries, Barbarian, fatal consequences of their admission into the Ro-
man armies, ii. 130.

Avars are discomfited by the Turks, iv. 203. Their embassy to the em-
peror Justinian, 204. Their conquests in Poland and Germany, 206.
Their embassy to Justin II., 388. They join the Lombards against the
Gepidæ, 389. Pride, policy, and power, of their chagan Baian, 442.
Their conquests, 445. Invest Constantinople, 465. Reduction of their
country, Pannonia, by Charlemagne, v. 51.

Averroes, his religious infidelity, how far justifiable, v. 307, note.

Aversa, a town near Naples, built as a settlement for the Normans, v. 449.
Avienus, his character and embassy from Valentinian III. to Attila, king
of the Huns, iii. 449.

Avignon, the holy see how transferred from Rome to that city, vi. 454.
Return of Pope Urban V. to Rome, 495.

Avitus, his embassy from Etius to Theodoric, king of the Visigoths, iii.
436. Assumes the empire, 465. His deposition and death, 471, 472.
Axuch, a Turkish slave, his generous friendship to the princess Anna
Comnena, iv. 621, and to Manuel Comnenus, 622, 623.

Azimuntium, the citizens of, defend their privileges against Peter, brother
of the Eastern emperor Maurice, iv. 447.

Azimus, remarkable spirit shown by the citizens of, against Attila and his
Huns, iii. 403.

B.

Baalbec, description of the ruins of, v. 204, 205.

Babylas, St., bishop of Antioch, his posthumous history, ii. 449.

Bagaudæ, the, peasants of Gaul, revolt of, its occasion, and suppression
by Maximian, i. 407. Derivation of this name, 407, note M.

Bagdad becomes the royal residence of the Abassides, v. 297. Derivation
of the name, 298, note. The fallen state of the caliphs of, 328, 334.
The city of, stormed and sacked by the Moguls, vi. 216.

Bahram, the Persian general, his character and exploits, iv. 433, note M.
Is provoked to rebellion, 435. Dethrones Chosroes, 437. His death,
439. Embassy sent by him to meet the emperor Carus, i. 391. Saying
of, 390, note. Anecdote of, 390, note M.

Baian, chagan of the Avars, his pride, policy, and power, iv. 442. His
perfidious seizure of Sirmium and Singidunum, 444. His conquests,
445. His treacherous attempt to seize the emperor Heraclius, 465. In-
vests Constantinople in conjunction with the Persians, 475. Retires.
476.
Bajazet I., sultan of the Turks, his reign, vi. 236. His correspondence
with Tamerlane, 258. Is defeated and captured by Tamerlane, 265, 266.
Inquiry into the story of the iron cage, 267. His sons, 266, 278.
Balbinus elected joint emperor with Maximus, by the senate, on the
deaths of the two Gordians, i. 209.

Baldwin, count of Flanders, engages in the fourth crusade, vi. 63. Is
chosen emperor of Constantinople, 99. Is taken prisoner by Calo-
John, king of the Bulgarians, 109. His death, 110, note M.

Baldwin II., emperor of Constantinople, vi. 118. His distresses and expe-
dients, 120. His expulsion from that city, 125, 172.

Baldwin, brother of Godfrey of Bouillon, accompanies him on the first
crusade, v. 558. Founds the principality of Edessa, 579.
Baltic Sea, progressive subsidence of the water of, i. 252, notes.

The Ro-

mans acquired their knowledge of the naval powers of, during their land
journeys in search of amber, ii. 560, note.

Baptism, theory and practice of, among the primitive Christians, ii. 271,
272, note M.

Barbary, the name of that country whence derived, v. 246, note. The
Moors of, converted to the Mahometan faith, 248.

Barbatio, general of infantry in Gaul under Julian, his misconduct, ii. 236.
Barcochebas, his rebellion against the emperor Hadrian, ii. 4.

Bards, Celtic, their power of exciting a martial enthusiasm in the people,
i. 271, 272, notes G. and M. British, iii. 622, note M. Their peculiar of
fice and duties, 628.

Bari is taken from the Saracens, by the joint efforts of the Latin and
Greek empires, v. 441. Government of the city, 442.

Barlaam, a Calabrian monk, his dispute with the Greek theologians about
the light of Mount Thabor, vi. 194. His embassy to Rome, from An-
dronicus the Younger, 291. His literary character, 328.

Basil I., the Macedonian, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 597. Reduces
the Paulicians, v. 392, 393.

Basil II., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 609. His great wealth, v. 349.
His inhuman treatment of the Bulgarians, 410.

Basil, archbishop of Caesarea, no evidence of his having been persecuted

by the emperor Valens, ii. 547. Insults his friend Gregory Nazianzen,
nder the appearance of promotion, iii. 83. The father of the monks of
Pontus, 524.

asiliscus, brother of the empress Verina, is intrusted with the command
of the armament sent against the Vandals in Africa, iii. 495, 496. His
fleet destroyed by Genseric, 497. His promotion to the empire, and
death, v. 4, 5.

Bassianus, high priest of the sun, his parentage, i. 167. Is proclaimed
emperor at Emessa, 167. See Elagabalus.

Bassianus, brother-in-law to Constantine, revolts against him, i. 490.
Bassora, its foundation and situation, v. 179.

Baths, public, of Rome, described, iii. 262.

Batnæ, reception of the emperor Julian there, ii. 471. Etymology of this
name, 471, note M.

Beasts, wild, the variety of, introduced in the circus, for the public games
at Rome, i. 395.

Beausobre, M. de, character of his Histoire Critique du Manichéisme, iv.
487, note.

Beder, battle of, between Mahomet and the Koreish of Mecca, v. 131.
Bedoweens of Arabia, their mode of life, v. 77.

Bees, remarks on the structure of their combs and cells, v. 301, note.
Belgrade, or the White City, iv. 445.

Belisarius, his birth and military promotion, iv. 117. "The Life of," by
Lord Mahon, 117, note M. Is appointed by Justinian to conduct the
African war, 119. Embarkation of his troops, 119. Lands in Africa,
123. Defeats Gelimer, 126. Is received into Carthage, 127. Final de-
feat of Gelimer, 130. Conquest of Africa, 133. His triumphant return
to Constantinople, 138. Is declared sole consul, 139. Menaces the Os-
trogoths of Italy, 145. Seizes Sicily, 151. Invades Italy, 152. Besieges
Naples, 155, 156. Enters Rome, 159. Is besieged in Rome by the Goths,
160. The siege again raised, 172. Causes Constantine, one of his gen-
erals, to be killed, 174. Siege of Ravenna, 178. Takes Ravenna by
stratagem, 180. Returns to Constantinople, 181. His character and
behavior, 182. Scandalous life of his wife Antonina, 184, 185. His dis-
grace and submission, 188. Is sent into the East to oppose Chosroes,
king of Persia, 222. His politic reception of the Persian ambassadors,
223. His second campaign in Italy, 253. His ineffectual attempt to
raise the siege of Rome, 257. Dissuades Totila from destroying Rome,
259. Recovers the city, 260. His final recall from Italy, 261. Rescues
Constantinople from the Bulgarians, 283. His disgrace and death, 284.
Benacus, the Lake, iii. 450, note M.

Benedict XII., embassy from Andronicus the Younger to, proposing a
union of the Latin and Greek churches, and soliciting aid against the
Turks, vi. 291, 292. His character, 293.

Benefice, in feudal language, explained, iii. 600. Resumption of, by the
sovereign, 600, note M.

Benevento, battle of, between Charles of Anjou and Mainfroy the Sicilian
usurper, vi. 161.

Beneventum, anecdotes relating to the siege of, v. 444.

Benjamin of Tudela, his account of the riches of Constantinople, v. 348.
Berea, or Aleppo, reception of the emperor Julian there, ii. 470.

Bernard, St., his character and influence in promoting the second crusade,
vi. 12, vide note M. His character of the Romans, vi. 429.
Bernier, his account of the camp of Aurengzebe, i. 241, note.

Berytus, account of the law school established there, ii. 122. Is destroyed
by an earthquake, iv. 293.

Bessarion, Cardinal, his character, vi. 334, note.

Bessas, governor of Rome for Justinian, his rapacity during the siege of
that city by Totila the Goth, iv. 256. Occasions the loss of Rome, 257,

Bezabde is taken and garrisoned by Sapor, king of Persia, ii. 229. Is in-
effectually besieged by Constantius, 231.

Bindoes, a Sassanian prince, deposes Hormouz, king of Persia, iv. 435.
Birthright, the least invidious of all human distinctions, i. 197.
Bishops, among the primitive Christians, the office of, explained, i. 556.
Progress of episcopal authority, 559. Assumed dignity of episcopal
government, 569. Number of, at the time of Constantine the Great, ii.
279. Mode of their election, 279, 280, note M. Their power of ordina-
tion, 282. The ecclesiastical revenue of each diocese, how divided, 284.
Their civil jurisdiction, 287. Their spiritual censures, 289. Their legis-
lative assemblies, 292.

Bishops, rural, their rank and duties, ii. 279.

Bissextile, superstitious regard to this year by the Romans, ii. 527.
Bithynia, the cities of, plundered by the Goths, i. 309.

Blenmyes, their revolt against the emperor Diocletian, i. 416.

Boccace, his literary character, vi. 330, note M.

-

Boethius, the learned senator of Rome, his history, iv. 32. His confine-
ment in the Tower of Pavia ; · - his celebrated "Consolation of Philos-
ophy," composed while there, 36. His horrible execution, 38.
Bohemond, the son of Robert Guiscard, his character and military ex
ploits, v. 475. His route to Constantinople on the crusade, 566. His
Hlattering reception by Alexius Comnenus, 570. Takes Antioch, and
obtains the principality of it, 580, 582. His subsequent transactions
and death, vi. 2, 3, note M.

Boniface, St., his history, ii. 74, vide note M.

-, Count, the Roman general under Valentinian III., his charac-
ter, iii. 367. Is betrayed into a revolt by Etius, 369. His repentance,
Is besieged in Hippo Regius by Genseric, king of the Vandals,
376. Returns to Italy, and is killed by Etius, 378.

374.

Boniface VIII., Pope, his violent contest with Philip the Fair, king of
France, and his character, vi. 453. Institutes the jubilee, 456.

marquis of Montferrat, is chosen general of the fourth crusade
to the Holy Land, vi. 67. Is made king of Macedonia, 101. Is killed
by the Bulgarians, 112.

Bosphorus, revolutions of that kingdom, i. 306. Is seized by the Goths,
307. The strait of, described, ii. 88.

Bosra, siege of, by the Saracens, v. 191, 192.

Botheric, the Imperial general in Thessalonica, murdered in a sedition, ii.
113, 114.

Boucicault, Marshal, defends Constantinople against Bajazet, vi. 244.
Boulogne recovered from Carausius, by Constantius Chlorus, i 411. Sold
by Godfrey to the church for 1300 marks, v. 558.

Bowides, the Persian dynasty of, v. 329.

Brancaleone, senator of Rome, his character, vi. 440.
Brass and silver, relative value of, i. 10, note M.

Bretagne, the province of, in France, settled by Britons, note, iii. 621,
note M.

Britain, reflections on the conquest of, by the Romans, i. 4. Description
of, 23. Colonies planted in, 43, note. A colony of Vandals settled
there by Probus, 383. Revolt of Carausius, 410. How first peopled, ii.
562. Invasions of, by the Scots and Picts, 564, 565, note M. Is restored
to peace by Theodosius, 568. Revolt of Maximus there, iii. 75. Revolt
of the troops there against Honorius, 225. Is abandoned by the Ro-
mans, 315. State of, until the arrival of the Saxons, 316, 317, note.
Descent of the Saxons on, 619. Establishment of the Saxon heptarchy,
621. Wars in, 622. Saxon devastation of the country, 624. Manners
of the independent Britons, 628, 629. Description of, by Procopius, 631.
Conversion of the Britons by a mission from Pope Gregory the Great,
iv. 422. The doctrine of the incarnation received there, 538.
Brutus, Marcus, example given by, i. 87. Question as to its virtue, 87, note M.

Brutus the Trojan, his colonization of Britain now given up by intelligent
historians, ii. 562, note.

Buffon, M., his extraordinary burning mirrors, iv. 84, note.
Bulgarians, their character, iv. 196, vide note M. Their inroads on the
Eastern empire, 198. Invasion of, under Zabergan, 282. Repulsed by
Belisarius, 283. Kingdom of the, destroyed by Basil II., the Greek em-
peror, 612, v. 410. Revolt of, from the Greek empire, and submission
to the pope of Rome, vi. 57. War with the Greeks under Calo-John,

107.

Bull-feast, in the Coliseum at Rome, described, vi. 534.

Burgundians, origin and language of the, i. 379, notes G. and M. Their
settlement on the Elbe, and maxims of government, ii. 558. Their set-
tlement in Gaul, iii. 313. Limits of the kingdom of, under Gundobald,
578. Are subdued by the Franks, 579, 580.

Burnet, character of his "Sacred Theory of the Earth," i. 537, note.
Burrampooter, source of that river, vi. 257, note.

Busir, in Egypt, four several places known under this name, v. 294, note.
Buzurg, the philosophical preceptor of Hormouz, king of Persia, his high
reputation, iv. 431, note.

Byron, Lord, proved that swimming across the Hellespont was not a poetic
fiction, ii. 91, note M.

Byzantine historians, list and character of, vi. 417, note, 419, note M.
Byzantium, siege of, by the emperor Severus, i. 142. Is taken by Max-
imin, 485. Siege of, by Constantine the Great, 500. Its situation de-
scribed, ii. 87. By whoin founded, 87, note. See Constantinople.

C.

Caaba, or temple of Mecca, described, v. 93, 94. The idols in, destroyed
by Mahon.et, 187.

Cabades, king of Persia, besieges and takes Amida, iv. 101. Seizes the
Straits of Caucasus, 102, 103. Vicissitudes of his reign, iv. 210.
Cadesia, battle of, between the Saracens and the Persians, v. 177, 178.
Cadijah, her marriage with Mahomet, v. 101. Is converted by him to his
new religion, 121. Her death, 124. Mahomet's veneration for her
memory, 152.

Cæcilian, the peace of the church in Africa disturbed by him and his party,
ii. 297.

Cæcilius, the authority of his account of the famous vision of Constan-
tine the Great inquired into, ii. 263, note, and M. note, 262.
Calestian, senator of Carthage, his distress on the taking of that city by
Genseric, iii. 382.

Cæsar, Julius, his inducement to the conquest of Britain, i. 4. Degrades
the senatorial dignity, 74, note. Assumes a place among the tutelar
deities of Rome, in his lifetime, 84. His address in appeasing a military
sedition, 182, note. His prudent application of the coronary gold pre-
sented to him, ii. 151, note G.

Cæsar and Augustus, those titles explained and discriminated, i. 85, note W.
"Cæsars," the emperor Julian's philosophical fable of the, delineated, ii.
461.

Cæsarea, capital of Cappadocia, taken by Sapor king of Persia, i. 317. Is
reduced by the Saracens, v. 216.

Caf, great range of mountains in Asia, iv. 200.

Cahina, queen of the Moors of Africa, her policy to drive the Arabs out of
the country, v. 246.

Cairoan, the city of, in the kingdom of Tunis, founded, v. 243. Frequent-
ly confounded with the Greek city Cyrene, 243.

Caled deserts from the idolatrous Arabs to the party of Mahomet, v. 136.
His gallant conduct at the battle of Muta, 141. His victories under the
caliph Abubeker, 176. Attends the Saracen army on the Syrian expe-