Eugenius IV., vi. 516. Martyrs, censure of Gibbon's incredulity
and silence as to their numbers and sufferings, ii. 79, G. and M.,
82, M. Matthew, St., presumption relative to the first two chapters
of, refuted, iv. 490, M. Maximin, ambassador to Attila. forbidden
to pitch his tents on an eminence, and not in a valley, iii. 406, M.
Military establishment of Rome, remarks thereon, examined, i. 16,
M. W. G. Mincius, river flows out of Lake Benacus, not into it, iii.
450, M.
"Naked draperies and transparent matrons," doubtless an
erratum in the first edition, iv. 67, M. Nazarenes did not retire
from the ruins of Jerusalem, but quitted before the siege, i. 515, M.
Obligations, legal, Gibbon's division of, not good, iv. 366, M. Octa-
vian family not of obscure origin, i. 85, M. Odin, erroneous theory
respecting his conquests, i. 284, G. and M. Para and Tiridates,
correction in the history of, ii. 582, note, vide M. Palestine, errone-
ous estimate of its fertility, i. 27, 28, G. M. Peter, St., strictly
speaking, not the founder of the church of Rome, i. 561, M.
Pharandsen, not Olympias, valiantly resists Sapor, ii. 277, M. Præ-
torian guards, dispute of the, confounded with the assassination
of Ulpian, i. 181, W. Proconsuls, lictors attending, observation on,
i. 78, W. Procopius, errors in quoting, iv. 176, M., 268, M. Property,
inaccurate notions respecting the Roman system as to matters of,
iv. 357, 358, W. Religion, statement as to the facility with which
even hostile nations embraced each other's, inquired into and dis-
proved, i. 506, 507. Saracens, Gibbon's ignorance as to the etymology
of this name noticed by Dr. Clarke, v. 85, M. Scoti, or Attacotti,
not cannibals, ii. 567, M. Senate in the reign of Augustus, on the,
i. 74, W. and M. Silver not the only medium of commerce, i. 69, M.
Slaves of Rome, Gibbon's observations on, criticized, i. 47, 48, M. G.;
vindication of Gibbon, 49, M.; the Roman system of, described,
49, M., 53, M. Soldiery, Roman, error respecting the frequency of
their revolts, i. 89, W. Soliman, sultan, not slain in a bath, but in
flight, vi. 280, M. Soliman, sultan, victories in the first crusade at-
tributed to him, instead of his son David, v. 556, 575. Tacitus,
a passage of, misunderstood by Gibbon, iv. 306, M. Tiberius, not
Augustus, first punishes the "crimen læsæ majestatis," i. 99, W.
Toleration, religious, not universal by the Romans, i. 38, W. Tre-
batius, a phrase of Cicero's regarding him, misunderstood, iv. 323,
W. Tribute in kind, not transported at the cost of the provincials,
ii. 143, G. Vandals and Goths incorrectly designated as originally
one and the same nation, i. 286, G. and M. Vitrum, translated
marble, instead of glass, iv. 33, M. Zoroaster, our historian in error
in attributing a passage of the Sadder to, i. 237, M.

*Other erroneous assertions and arguments of Mr. Gibbon are
referred to in the alphabetical order of this index, under the head of
66 notes."

Essenians, their distinguishing tenets and practices, i. 578.
Etruscans, their seat in Tuscany, i. 24, note M.

Eucharist, a knotty subject to the first reformers, v. 399.

Eudes, duke of Aquitain, repels the first Saracen invasion of France, v. 286.
Implores the aid of Charles Martel, 289. Recovers his dukedom, 291.
Eudocia, her birth, character, and marriage with the emperor Theodosius
the Younger, iii. 354. Her disgrace and death, 357.

Eudoxia, her marriage with the emperor Arcadius, iii. 171. Stimulates
him to give up his favorite Eutropius, 334, 335. Persecutes St. Chrys-
ostom, 343. Her death and character, 348.

Eudoxia, the daughter of Theodosius the Younger, is betrothed to the
young emperor Valentinian III. of the West, iii. 366. Her character,
456. Is married to the emperor Maximus, 461. Invites Genseric, king
of the Vandals, to Italy, 462.

Eudoxus, bishop of Constantinople, baptizes the emperor Valens, ii. 545,
note M.

Eugenius the rhetorician, is made emperor of the West by Arbogastes
the Frank, iii. 122. Is defeated and killed by Theodosius, 127.
Eugenius IV., pope, his contest with the council of Basil, vi. 310. Procures
a reunion of the Latin and Greek churches, 322. Forms a league against
the Turks, 350. Revolt of the Roman citizens against him, 504.
Eugubine tables, the, dug up near Cortona, iv. 302, notes by Gibbon and M.
Eumenius the orator, some account of, i. 449, note.

Eunapius the sophist, his character of monks, and of the objects of their
worship, iii. 155. A fragment of his quoted, 329, note M.

Eunomians, punishment of, by the edict of the emperor Theodosius
against heretics, ii. 81, 93.

Eunuchs enumerated in the list of Eastern commodities imported and taxed
in the time of Alexander Severus, i. 191. They infest the palace of the third
Gordian, 220. Their ascendency in the court of Constantius, ii. 201. Why
they favored the Arians, 328, note. Procure the banishment of Liberius,
bishop of Rome, 235. A conspiracy of, to disappoint the schemes of
Rufinus, and marry the emperor Arcadius to Eudoxia, iii. 171. They
distract the court of the emperor Honorius, 275, and govern that of Ar-
cadius, 324. Scheme of Chrysaphius to assassinate Attila, king of the
Huns, iii. 416. The bishop of Seez and his whole chapter castrated, vi.
426, note.

Euric, king of the Visigoths in Gaul, his conquests in Spain, iii. 498. Is
vested with all the Roman conquests beyond the Alps by Odoacer, king
of Italy, 567.

Europe, present population of, i. 54, note. Evidences that the climate of,
was much colder in ancient than in modern times, 252. This alteration
accounted for, 254. Final division of, between the Western and Eastern
empires, iii. 164. Is ravaged by Attila, king of the Huns, 395. May
be considered by the philosopher as one great republic, 637.
Eusebia, empress, wife of Constantius, her steady friendship to Julian, ii.
211, 212. Is accused of arts to deprive Julian of children, 215.
Eusebius, his character of the followers of Artemon, i. 584. His own char-
acter ii. 80. His "History," 78, note M. His story of the miraculous
appearance of the cross in the sky to Constantine the Great, 65, 66.
Eutropius the eunuch, great chamberlain to the emperor Arcadius, con-
certs his marriage with Eudoxia in opposition to the views of Rufinus,
iii. 171. Succeeds Rufinus in the emperor's confidence, 179. His char-
acter and administration, 324. Provides for his own security, in a new
law against treason, 329. Takes sanctuary with St. Chrysostom, 334.
His death, 336.

Eutyches, his opinion on the subject of the incarnation supported by the
second council at Ephesus, iv. 515. And adhered to by the Armenians,

555.

Euxine Sea, description of the vessels used in navigating, i. 307. The
Periplus, or circumnavigation of, by Arrian, iv. 224, note. That by
Sallust, 224.

Exaltation of the cross, origin of the annual festival of, iv. 485.

Exarchs of Ravenna, the government of Italy settled in, and administered
by, iv. 279, 408. The office described, v. 31, 32.

Excise duties imposed by Augustus, i. 187.

Excommunication from Christian communion, the origin of, i. 567, ii. 298.
Exile, voluntary, under accusation and conscious guilt, its advantages
among the Romans, iv. 382, 383.

F.

Fables of Pilpay, various translations of, their character, iv. 216, note M.
217.

Faith and its operations defined, i. 544.

Falcandus, Hugo, character of his Historia Sicula, v. 494, note. His lam-
entation on the transfer of the sovereignty of the island to the emperor
Henry VI., 495.

Fathers of the Christian church, cause of their austere morality, i. 546.
Fausta, empress, wife of Constantine the Great, causes of her being put
to death, ii. 162.

Faustina, married to Marcus Antoninus, i. 93.

the widow of the emperor Constantius, countenances the revolt

of Procopius against the emperor Valens, ii. 533.

Felix is consecrated bishop of Rome, to supersede Liberius, who was
exiled, ii. 355. He is violently expelled, and his adherents slaughtered,
356.

an African bishop, his martyrdom, ii. 67.

Ferdusi, the Persian, his poem and translations, iii. 13, note M.

Ferishta, the, translations of, by Colonels Dow and Briggs, v. 499, 500,
notes M.

Festivals, Pagan, great offence taken at, by the primitive Christians, i.
524, 525, iii. 492, 493. See Games.

Feudal government, the rudiments of, to be found among the Scythians,
iii. 12, 25, note M.

Figures, numeral, their first public and familiar use, v. 277, 278, notes M.
Finances of the Roman empire, when the seat of it was removed to Con-
stantinople, reviewed, ii. 140.

Fingal, his questionable history, whether to be connected with the inva-
sion of Caledonia by the emperor Severus, i. 153.

Fire, Greek, the Saracen fleet destroyed by, in the harbor of Constanti-
nople, v. 280. Is long preserved as a secret, 282, 284. Its effects not to
be compared with gunpowder, 367.

Firmus, an Egyptian merchant, his revolt against the emperor Aurelian,
i. 358.

the Moor, his revolt against Valentinian, ii. 571. Suppressed by
Theodosius, 572. Duration of this war, 573, note M.

Flagellation, its efficacy in penance, and how proportioned, v. 547.
Flamens, Roman, their number, and peculiar office, iii. 132.
Flaminian way, its course described, iv. 270, note.

Flavian, archbishop of Constantinople, is killed at the second council of
Ephesus, iv. 516.

Fleece, golden, probable origin of the fable of, iv. 226.

Flor, Roger de, a successful Arragonese admiral, vi. 166, note G., 168,
note M.

Florence, the foundation of that city, iii. 217, note. Is besieged by Rada-
gaisus, and relieved by Stilicho, 217, 218.

Florentius, prætorian præfect of Gaul under Constantius, his character,
ii. 244, 374. Is condemned by the tribunal of Chalcedon, but suffered to
escape by Julian, 399.

Florianus, brother of the emperor Tacitus, his eager usurpation of the
Imperial dignity, i. 374.

Fornication, not clearly proved by the gospel authorities to be a sufficient
plea for divorce, iv. 350; note M., 352.
France, modern, computation of the number of its inhabitants, and the
average of their taxation, ii. 147, 148, note M.
the name of, whence derived, iii. 604. Derivation of the French
language, 611, note. Childeric deposed, and Pepin appointed king, by
papal sanction, v. 28. Reign and character of Charlemagne, 44, 45.
Invasion of, by the Saracens, 285.

Frangipani, Cencio, his ferocious treatment of the persons of Pope Gela-
sius II. and his college of cardinals, vi. 427. Derivation of his family
name, 460.

Franks, their origin and confederacy, i. 299. The nations composing it,
299, note M. They invade Gaul, and ravage Spain, 300, 301. They pass
over into Africa, 301. Bold and successful return of a colony of, from
the sea of Pontus, by sca, 384. They overrun and establish themselves
at Toxandria in Germany, ii. 231. Their fidelity to the Roman govern-

ment, iii. 222. Origin of the Merovingian race of their kings, 428. How
converted to Christianity, 543. Reign of their king Clovis, 568. Final
establishment of the French monarchy in Gaul, 587, 588. Their laws,
590, note M. Their object rapine, not the occupation and division of
conquered lands, 598. M. Sismondi's account of them, 598, note M
Give the name of France to their conquests in Gaul, 604. They degen-
erate into a state of anarchy, 610. They invade Italy, iv. 175, 276.
Their military character, v. 373.

Fravitta, the Goth, his character, and deadly quarrel with his countryman
Priulf, iii. 71. His operations against Gainas, 337.

Frederic I., emperor of Germany, his tyranny in Italy, v. 67. Von Rau-
mer's History of the House of Swabia, 67, note M. Engages in the
third crusade, vi. 4. His disastrous expedition, 7, 10. Sacrifices Ar-
nold of Brescia to the pope, 433. His reply to the Roman ambassadors,
444.

II. is driven out of Italy, v. 67. His disputes with the pope, and
reluctant crusade, vi. 38, 39. Exhorts the European princes to unite in
opposing the Tartars, 219.

III., the last emperor crowned at Rome, vi. 505.
Freemen of Laconia, account of, v. 344.

Fritigern, the Gothic chief, extricates himself from the hands of Lupicinus,
governor of Thrace, iii. 37. Defeats him, 38. Battle of Salices, 41.
His strength recruited by the accession of new tribes, 42. Negotiates
with Valens, 48. Battle of Hadrianople, 49. The union of the Gothic
tribes broken by his death, 63.

Freedmen, among the Romans, their rank in society, iv. 340.

Frumentius was the first Christian missionary in Abyssinia, ii. 276.
Fulk of Neuilly, his ardor in preaching the fourth crusade, vi. 60.

G.

Gabinius, king of the Quadi, is treacherously murdered by Marcellinus,
governor of Valeria, ii. 588.

Gaian, his disciples at Alexandria, iv. 557.

Gaillard, M., character of his Histoire de Charlemagne, v. 44, note.

Gainas, the Goth, is commissioned by Stilicho to execute his revenge on
Rufinus, præfect of the East, iii. 177. His conduct in the war against
the revolter Tribigild, 333. Joins him, 336. His flight and death, 339.
Gaius, Institutes of, newly recovered, iv. 331, note M.
Gala, probable derivation of the term, v. 357, note.

Galata, suburb of Constantinople, assigned to the Geonese, vi. 195.
Galerius is associated in the administration, as Cæsar, by the emperor
Diocletian, i. 406. Is defeated by the Persians, 423. Surprises and
overthrows Narses, 425. Assumes the title of Augustus, on the abdica-
tion of Diocletian, 451. His jealousy of Constantine, 456. Deems it
prudent to acknowledge him Cæsar, 458. His unsuccessful invasion of
Italy, 463. Invests Licinius with the purple on the death of Severus,
466. His death, 469. From what causes he entertained an aversion to
the Christians, ii. 60. Obtains the countenance of Diocletian for perse-
cuting them, 62. Publishes an edict of toleration just before his death,
75, 76, note M.

Galilæans, twofold application of that name in the infancy of Christianity,
ii. 21. Conjecture as to Tacitus having confounded the two sects, 22,
Refutation of the same, 22, notes G. and M. Why the emperor Julian
applied this name to the Christians, 441.

Galleys of the Greek empire described, v. 365.

Gallienus, son of the emperor Valerian, is associated by him in the Impe
rial throne, i. 298. Prohibits the senators from exercising military
employments, 304. Character of his administration after the captivity
of his father, 320. Names Claudius for his successor, 332. Favored the
Christians, ii. 52.

Gallus elected emperor, on the minority of Hostilianus, the son of Decius,
i. 295.

-, nephew of Constantine the Great, his education, ii. 203, note G.
Is invested with the title of Cæsar, 204. His cruelty and imprudence,
204, 205. His disgrace and death, 208. Embraced the doctrine, but
neglected the duties, of Christianity, 411. Converts the grove of Daphne,
at Antioch, to a Christian burial-place, 448.

Games, public, of the Romans, described, i. 224, iii. 263. Account of the
factions of the Circus, ii. 56. Of the hippodrome at Constantinople, 57.
Ganges, source of that river, vi. 257, note M.

Gaudentius, the notary, condemned to death under Julian, ii. 400.
Gaul, the province of, described, i. 22. The power of the Druids suppressed
there by Tiberius and Claudius, 38. Cities in, 61. Amount of the trib-
ute paid by this province to Rome, 187. Is defended against the Franks
by Posthumus, 300, 301. Succession of usurpers there, 348. Invasion
of, by the Lygians, 379. Revolt of the Bagaudæ suppressed by Max-
imian, 407. Progress of Christianity there, 580, 581. Proportion of
the capitation tax levied there by the Roman emperors, ii. 145. Is
invaded by the Germans, 231. The government of, assigned to Julian,
233. His civil administration, 244. Is invaded by the Alemanni, in the
reign of Valentinian, 555. And of Gratian, iii. 44. Destruction of idols
and temples there, by Martin, bishop of Tours, 141. Is overrun by the
barbarous troops of Radagaisus, after his defeat by Stilicho, 222. Is
settled by the Goths, Burgundians, and Franks, 313. Assembly of the
seven provinces in, 320. Reign of Theodoric, king of the Visigoths, in,
425. Origin of the Merovingian race of kings of the Franks in, 428.
Invasion of, by Attila, king of the Huns, 433, 435. Battle of Chalons,
440. Revolutions of, on the death of the emperor Majorian, 498. Con-
version of, to Christianity by the Franks, 543, 573. Representation of the
advantages it enjoyed under the Roman government, 566. Conquests
and prosperity of Euric, king of the Visigoths, 567. Character and
reign of Clovis, 568. The Alemanni conquered, 572. Submission of the
Armoricans, and the Roman troops, 576. Final establishment of the
French monarchy in Gaul, 587. History of the Salic laws, 590. The
lands of, how claimed and divided by the Barbarian conquerors of, 598.
Domain and benefices of the Merovingian princes, 599, 600. Allodial
and Salic lands, 600. Females not to inherit, 601, note M. Usurpations
of the Seniors, 601. Privileges of the Romans in, 608.
Gedrosia, revolutions of the sea-coast of, i. 239, note.

Gelalæan æra of the Turks when settled, v. 522.

Gelasius, pope, his zeal against the celebration of the feast of Lupercalia,
iii. 492. Deplores the miserable decay of Italy, 518.

II., his rough treatment by Cencio Frangipani, vi. 427.

Gelimer deposes Hilderic, the Vandal king of Africa, and usurps the gov
ernment, iv. 114. Is defeated by Belisarius, 127. His final defeat, 131,
132. His distressful flight, 132, 135. Surrenders himself to Belisarius,
137, 138. Graces his triumph, 138. His peaceful retirement, 140.
General of the Roman army, his extensive power, i. 76.

Generosity, Arabian, striking instances of, v. 91.

Gennadius, the monk, his denunciation against a Greek union with the
Latin church, vi. 386. His duplicity, 386, note.

Gennerid, the Roman general, under the emperor Honorius, his character,
iii. 274.

Genoese, their mercantile establishment in the suburb of Pera at Constan-
tinople, vi. 195. Their war with the emperor Cantacuzenus, 198.
Genseric, king of the Vandals in Spain, his character, iii. 370. Goes over
to Africa on the invitation of Count Boniface, 371. His successes there
by the assistance of the Donatists, 373. Devastation of Africa by his
troops, 375. Besieges Boniface in Hippo Regius, 376. His treacherous
surprisal of Carthage, 380. Strengthens himself by an alliance with