Logos, Plato's doctrine of, ii. 301, 302, notes G. and M. Is expounded by
St. John the Evangelist, 305, note G., 306, M. Athanasius confesses
himself unable to comprehend it, 310. Controversies on the eternity of,
313, 314. See also iv. 497.
Logothete, Great, his office under the Greek emperors, v. 354.
Lombardy, ancient, described, i. 23, iv. 395. Conquest of, by Charlemagne, ́
v. 27.
Lombards, derivation of their name, and review of their history, iv. 193.
Are employed by the emperor Justinian to check the Gepida, 194. Ac-
tions of their king, Alboin, 389. They reduce the Gepidæ, 392. They
overrun that part of Italy now called Lombardy, 395. Extent of their
kingdom, 396, 409. Language and manners of the Lombards, 410.
Government and laws, 414, 415.
Longinus, his representation of the degeneracy of his age, i. 72. Is put
to death by Aurelian, 357.
is sent to supersede Narses, as exarch of Ravenna, iv. 394. Re-
ceives Rosamond, the fugitive queen of the Lombards, 399.
Lothaire I., emperor of the Romans, v. 54.
Louis VII. of France is rescued from the treachery of the Greeks by
Roger, king of Sicily, v. 487. Undertakes the second crusade, vi. 4.
His disastrous expedition, 5, note M., 9, 10, note M.
IX. of France, his crusades to the Holy Land, vi. 40, 43. His death,
44. Procured a valuable stock of relics from Constantinople, 122.
Lucian, the severity of his satire against the heathen mythology accounted
for, i. 36.
count of the East, under the emperor Arcadius, his cruel treat-
ment by the præfect Rufinus, iii. 170.
presbyter of Jerusalem, his miraculous discovery of the body of
St. Stephen, the first Christian martyr, iii. 158.
Lucilian, governor of Illyricum, is surprised, and kindly treated, by Julian,
ii. 387. His death, 523.
Lucilla, sister of the emperor Commodus, her attempt to get him assassi-
nated, i. 105.
Lucius II. and III., popes, their disastrous reigns, vi. 428.
Lucrine lake described, with its late destruction, iii. 255, note.
Lucullan villa in Campania, its description and history, iii. 515.
Lupercalia, the feast of, described, and continued under the Christian em-
perors, iii. 492. By whom abolished, 493.
Lupicinus, ii. 534. Roman governor of Thrace oppresses the Gothic emi-
grants there, iii. 34. Rashly provokes them to hostilities, 37.
defeated by them, 37, 38.
Lustral contribution in the Roman empire explained, ii. 150.
Luther, Martin, his character as a reformer, v. 399, 400.
Luxury, the only means of correcting the unequal distribution of property,
i. 67.
Lygians, a formidable German nation, account of, i. 379, 380, vide note M.
Lyons, battle of, between the competitors Severus and Álbinus, 140.
Macarius, patriarch of Antioch, his zeal, iv. 553.
Macedonius, the Arian bishop of Constantinople, his contest with his com-
petitor Paul, ii. 357. Fatal consequences on his removing the body of
the emperor Constantine to the church of St. Acacius, 358. His cruel
persecution of the Catholics and Novatians, 359, 360. His exile, iv. 525.
Macrianus, prætorian præfect under the emperor Valerian, his character,
i. 316.
a prince of the Alemanni, his steady alliance with the emperor
Valentinian, ii. 559.
Macrinus, his succession to the empire predicted by an African, i. 162.
Leo III., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 582, 583, note M. His edicts
against images in churches, v. 10. Revolt of Italy, 18.
IV., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 584, note M.
V., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 590.
VI., the Philosopher, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 601. Extin-
guishes the power of the senate, v. 363.
-, bishop of Rome, his character, and embassy from Valentinian III. to
Attila, king of the Huns, iii. 449, 450, note M. Intercedes with Gen-
serie, king of the Vandals, for clemency to the city of Rome, 462, 463,
note. Calls the council of Chalcedon, iv. 517.
III., pope, his miraculous recovery from the assault of assassins, v.
42. Crowns Charlemagne emperor of the Romans, 43.
IV., pope, his reign, v. 315, 316. Founds the Leonine city, 317.
IX, pope, his expedition against the Normans of Apulia, v. 455. His
treaty with them, 456.
-, archbishop of Thessalonica, one of the restorers of Greek learning,
v. 378, 379.
general of the East, under the emperor Arcadius, his character, iii. 333.
- Pilatus, first Greek professor at Florence, and in the West, character
of, vi. 330.
the Jew proselyte, history of his family, vi. 459.
Leonas, the quæstor, his embassy from Constantius to Julian, ii. 382.
Leonine city at Rome founded, v. 317.
Leontius is taken from prison, and chosen emperor of Constantinople, on
the deposition of Justinian II., iv. 577.
Leovigild, Gothic king of Spain, his character, iii. 559. Revolt and exe-
cution of his son Hermenegild, 560.
Letters, a knowledge of, the test of civilization in a people, i. 257.
Lewis the Pious, son of Charlemagne, emperor of the Romans, v. 54.
II., son of Lewis the Pious, emperor of the Romans, v. 54. His
epistle to the Greek emperor, Basil I., 441.
Libanius, his account of the private life of the emperor Julian, ii. 394.
And of his divine visions, 419. Applauds the dissimulation of Julian,
420. His character, 469. His eulogium on the emperor Valens, iii. 51, 52.
Liberius superseded in the Sicilian command by Artaban, iv. 265, 266, vide
note M.
bishop of Rome, is banished by the emperor Constantius, for
refusing to concur in deposing Athanasius, ii. 345, 355.
Liberty, public, the only sure guardians of, against an aspiring prince, i. 73.
Licinius is invested with the purple by the emperor Galerius, i. 446. His
alliance with Constantine the Great, 485. Defeats Maximin, 486. His
cruelty, 486. Is defeated by Constantine at Cibalis, 490. And at
Mardia, 491. Peace concluded with Constantine, 493. Second civil war
with Constantine, 497. His humiliation and death, 502. Concurred
with Constantine in publishing the edict of Milan, ii. 252. Violated
this engagement by oppressing the Christians, 257. Fate of his son,
157, 160, note.
Lieutenant, Imperial, his office and rank, i. 77.
Lightning, superstition of the Romans with reference to persons and places
struck with, i. 393. On the knowledge of conducting it possessed by the
ancients, iii. 270, note M.
Limigantes, Sarmatian slaves, expel their masters, and usurp possession
of their country, ii. 172. Extinction of, by Constantius, 221.
Literature, revival of, in Italy, vi. 327, 328. Ancier t, use and abuse of, 340.
Lithuania, its late conversion to Christianity, v. 438.
Litorius, count, is defeated and taken captive in Gaul by Theodoric, iii.
426.
Liutprand, king of the Lombards, attacks the city of Rome, v. 24.
, bishop of Cremona, ambassador to Constantinople, ceremony
of his audience with the emperor, v. 357.
Logos, Plato's doctrine of, ii. 301, 302, notes G. and M. Is expounded by
St. John the Evangelist, 305, note G., 306, M. Athanasius confesses
himself unable to comprehend it, 310. Controversies on the eternity of,
313, 314. See also iv. 497.
Logothete, Great, his office under the Greek emperors, v. 354.
Lombardy, ancient, described, i. 23, iv. 395. Conquest of, by Charlemagne,
v. 27.
Lombards, derivation of their name, and review of their history, iv. 193.
Are employed by the emperor Justinian to check the Gepida, 194. Ac-
tions of their king, Alboin, 389. They reduce the Gepidæ, 392. They
overrun that part of Italy now called Lombardy, 395. Extent of their
kingdom, 396, 409. Language and manners of the Lombards, 410.
Government and laws, 414, 415.
Longinus, his representation of the degeneracy of his age, i. 72. Is put
to death by Aurelian, 357.
is sent to supersede Narses, as exarch of Ravenna, iv. 394. Re-
ceives Rosamond, the fugitive queen of the Lombards, 399.
Lothaire I., emperor of the Romans, v. 54.
Louis VII. of France is rescued from the treachery of the Greeks by
Roger, king of Sicily, v. 487. Undertakes the second crusade, vi. 4.
His disastrous expedition, 5, note M., 9, 10, note M.
IX. of France, his crusades to the Holy Land, vi. 40, 43. His death,
44. Procured a valuable stock of relics from Constantinople, 122.
Lucian, the severity of his satire against the heathen mythology accounted
for, i. 36.
count of the East, under the emperor Arcadius, his cruel treat-
ment by the præfect Rufinus, iii. 170.
-, presbyter of Jerusalem, his miraculous discovery of the body of
St. Stephen, the first Christian martyr, iii. 158.
Lucilian, governor of Illyricum, is surprised, and kindly treated, by Julian,
ii. 387. His death, 523.
Lucilla, sister of the emperor Commodus, her attempt to get him assassi-
nated, i. 105.
Lucius II. and III., popes, their disastrous reigns, vi. 428.
Lucrine lake described, with its late destruction, iii. 255, note.
Lucullan villa in Campania, its description and history, iii. 515.
Lupercalia, the feast of, described, and continued under the Christian em-
perors, iii. 492. By whom abolished, 493.
Lupicinus, ii. 534. Roman governor of Thrace oppresses the Gothic emi-
grants there, iii. 34. Rashly provokes them to hostilities, 37.
defeated by them, 37, 38.
Lustral contribution in the Roman empire explained, ii. 150.
Luther, Martin, his character as a reformer, v. 399, 400.
Luxury, the only means of correcting the unequal distribution of property,
i. 67.
Lygians, a formidable German nation, account of, i. 379, 380, vide note M.
Lyons, battle of, between the competitors Severus and Álbinus, i. 140.
Macarius, patriarch of Antioch, his zeal, iv. 553.
Macedonius, the Arian bishop of Constantinople, his contest with his com-
petitor Paul, ii. 357. Fatal consequences on his removing the body of
the emperor Constantine to the church of St. Acacius, 358. His cruel
persecution of the Catholics and Novatians, 359, 360. His exile, iv. 525.
Macrianus, prætorian præfect under the emperor Valerian, his character,
i. 316.
a prince of the Alemanni, his steady alliance with the emperor
Valentinian, ii. 559.
Macrinus, his succession to the empire predicted by an African, i. 162.
Accelerates the completion of the prophecy, 163. Purchases a peace
with Parthia, 240.
Madayn, the capital of Persia, sacked by the Saracens, v. 180.
Mæonius of Palmyra assassinates his uncle Odenathus, i. 351.
Mæsia, its situation, i. 26.
Magi, the worship of, in Persia, reformed by Artaxerxes, i. 229. Abridg.
ment of the Persian theology, 231. Simplicity of their worship, 233.
Ceremonies and moral precepts, 234. Their power, 236. Their persecu-
tion of the Armenians, iv. 428, note M. Their intolerance, 461.
Magic, severe prosecution of persons for the crime of, at Rome and An-
tioch, ii. 535. Evil consequences thereof, 535, note M.
Magnentius assumes the empire in Gaul, ii. 188. Death of Constans, 188.
Sends an embassy to Constantius, 189. Makes war against Constantius,
193. Is defeated at the battle of Mursa, 194. Kills himself, 199, note.
Mahmud, sultan, the Gaznevide, his twelve expeditions into Hindostan, v.
501. His character, 503.
Mahomet, the Prophet, his epistle to Chosroes II., king of Persia, iv. 463,
note M. His genealogy, birth, and education, v. 98, 99, note M. His
person and character, 101, 102. Assumes his prophetical mission, 104.
Inculcated the unity of God, 104. His reverential mention of Jesus
Christ, 108. His Koran, 109. His miracles, 111. His precepts, 114.
His hell, and paradise, 117. The best authorities for his history, 120,
note. Converts his own family, 120, 121. Preaches publicly at Mecca,
121. Escapes from the Koreishites there, 124. Is received as prince of
Medina, 126. His regal dignity, and sacerdotal office, 127. Declares
war against Infidels, 128. Battle of Beder, 131. Battle of Ohud,
132. Subdues the Jews of Arabia, 133. Submission of Mecca to him,
136. Conquers Arabia, 138. His sickness and death, 143, 145. His
character, 146. His private life, 148. His wives, 149. His children,
151. His posterity, 165. Remarks on the great spread and permanency
of his religion, 167.
the son of Bajazet, his reign, vi. 280, note M.
II., sultan of the Turks, his character, vi. 369. His reign, 371.
Indications of his hostile intentions against the Greeks, 373. He be-
sieges Constantinople, 381. Takes the city by storm, 402. His entry
into the city, 408. Makes it his capital, 410. His death, 418.
Mahometism, by what means propagated, v. 264. Toleration of Chris-
tianity under, 269.
Majorian, his history, character, and elevation to the Western empire, iii.
473. His epistle to the senate, 475. His salutary laws, 476. His prep-
arations to invade Africa, 479. His fleet destroyed by Genseric, 482, 483.
His death, 483.
Malaterra, his character of the Normans, v. 452.
Malek Shah, sultan of the Turks, his prosperous reign, v. 520. Reforms
the Eastern calendar, 522. His death, 522. State of the Turks after
that event, 588.
Mallius Theodorus, the great civil honors to which he attained, ii. 122,
Malta, island of, i. 32, note M.
Mamalukes, their origin and character, vi. 43. Their establishment in
Egypt, 44.
Mamæa, mother of the young emperor Alexander Severus, acts as regent
of the empire, i. 175. Is put to death with him, 200. Her conference
with Origen, ii. 50.
Mamgo, an Armenian noble, his history, i. 421, vide note M.
Man, the only animal that can accommodate himself to all climates, i. 254,
note.
Mancipium, in the Roman law, explained, iv. 356, note.
Manichæans are devoted to death, by the edict of Theodosius against
heretics, iii. 93.
Manuel Comnenus, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 622. He repulses the
Normans, v. 488. But fails in his scheme of subduing the Western em-
pire, 491. His ill treatment of the crusaders, vi. 7.
Maogamalcha, a city of Assyria, destroyed by the emperor Julian, ii. 483.
Marble, the four species esteemed by the Romans, i. 204, note.
Marcellinus, count of the sacred largesses under the emperor Constans in
Gaul, assists the usurpation of Magnentius, ii. 187. His embassy to
Constantius, 199. Was killed in the battle of Mursa, 199.
his revolt in Dalmatia, and character, iii. 484, 485. Joins the
emperor Anthemius, and expels the Vandals from Sardinia, 494. His
death, 497.
son of the præfect Maximin, his treacherous murder of Ga-
binius, king of the Quadi, ii. 587, 588.
Marcellus, the centurion, martyred for desertion, ii. 60, 61, and note M.
-, bishop of Rome, exiled to restore peace to the city, ii. 73.
-, bishop of Apamea in Syria, loses his life in destroying the Pa-
Marcia, concubine of Commodus, a patroness of the Christians, ii. 48.
Marcian, senator of Constantinople, marries the empress Pulcheria, and
is acknowledged emperor, iii. 419. His temperate refusal of the de-
mands of Attila the Hun, 420. His death, 488.
Marcianopolis, the city of, besieged by the Goths, i. 290.
Marcomanni are subdued and punished by Marcus Antoninus, i. 276. Were
a Teutonic tribe, 276, note M. Alliance made with, by the emperor
Gallienus, 304.
Marcus elected bishop of the Nazarenes, i. 516.
Mardia, battle of, between Constantine the Great and Licinius, i. 491.
Margus, battle of, between Diocletian and Carinus, i. 401.
bishop of, betrays his episcopal city into the hands of the Huns,
iii. 395.
Maria, daughter of Eudæmon of Carthage, her remarkable adventures, iii.
282.
Mariana, his account of the misfortunes of Spain, by an irruption of the
barbarous nations, iii. 308, 309.
Marinus, a subaltern officer, chosen emperor by the legions of Mæsia, i.
279.
Marius the armorer, a candidate for the purple among the competitors
against Gallienus, his character, i. 322.
Mark, bishop of Arethusa, is cruelly treated by the emperor Julian, ii. 445.
Markland, his severe criticism upon the Eneid, vi. 335, note.
Maronga, engagement there between the emperor Julian and Sapor, king
of Persia, ii. 498.
Maronites of the East, character and history of, iv. 552, 553.
Marozia, a Roman prostitute, the mother, grandmother, and great-grand-
mother of three popes, v. 60, vide note M.
Marriage, regulations of, by the Roman laws, iv. 345. Of Roman citizens
with strangers, proscribed by their jurisprudence, v. 359.
Martel, Charles, duke of the Franks, his character, v. 289. His politic
conduct on the Saracen invasion of France, 289. Defeats the Saracens,
290, 291. Why he was consigned over to hell flames by the clergy, 291.
Martin, bishop of Tours, destroys the idols and Pagan temples in Gaul,
iii. 141. His monkish institutions there, 525.
Martina marries her uncle, the emperor Heraclius, iv. 572. Endeavors to
share the Imperial dignity with her sons, 572. Her fate, 574.
Martinianus receives the title of Cæsar from the emperor Licinius, i. 501.
Martyrs, primitive, an inquiry into the true history of, ii. 1, note. The
several inducements to martyrdom, 37, 38, 39, note G., 40, 41, note M.
Three methods of escaping it, 43, 44, note G. Marks by which learned
Catholics distinguish_the_relics of the martyrs, 33, note. Number of
martyrs, 82, 83, note M. Eusebius and Lucianus quoted on this point,
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