volume compiled by the Hon. Edward Young, Ph.D., Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, and published at the Government Printing Office, Washington, 1872. It is entitled, 'Special Report on Immigration; accompanying information for immigrants relative to the prices and rentals of land, the staple products, facilities of access to market, cost of farm-stock, kind of labour in demand in the Western and Southern States,' &c. &c., to which are appended tables showing the average weekly wages paid in the several States and sections for factory, mechanical, and farm labour; the cost of provisions, groceries, dry goods, and house-rent in the various manufacturing districts of the country in the year 1869-70.

Our purpose, however, is not to advocate any particular country or State, but rather to advise the labourers to pause until they have further materials from which to draw conclusions as to the desirability of all the destinations offering, and not to move at all except to fixed engagements. We cannot but look on the emigration movement as a good and healthy movement for all parties concerned. We expect to see the small farmers, without

sufficient capital, finding out, too, that when wages rise it will be for their interest to seek the new lands, where they will be men among men, instead of being condescendingly admitted to a sort of quasi-equality with the neighbouring squire at cover-side, or among the turnips at home. These movements may lead in time to the reforms noticed at the beginning of this paper, which it may be hoped will be carried out without any violent recrimination or bandying of reproaches among classes. An enlightened self-interest on the part both of employers and employed-embracing the proposition, non pour nous seuls, mais pour tous nous naissons--will probably guide us safely through them. One word we must say in regard to the existing prostration of trade in America. To any one who had noticed carefully the progress of the country, it has for some time past been evident that the extension of its railroad enterprises was too rapid. The consequence has been a financial panic, very similar to that of 1847 in England. Many manufactories have been closed. There is widespread distress among the factory hands and

among artisans in general this winter. Of these classes, we shall probably see a good many who have lately left this country returning. The most will be made of such a movement by the Anti-Emigration party. Let not the agricultural labourers, however, be misled. These 25,000 miles of railroad which have been built in the past four years, and are mainly accountable for the financial confusion, must be good friends to them.

Finally, we have great hopes that the deepsea cables, which have up to this time been used almost exclusively by the rich classes, and have effected principally an equalisation of profits and losses in trade, may, by lighter and cheaper construction, be made available for equalising all conditions; so that the rich will not grow so rapidly and unwholesomely rich, and the poor will grow richer. We hope to see ten words sent across the Atlantic for

dollar-4s. 2d.; and those who know the horror that partially educated people have of writing a letter, and the way the uneducated will shirk the trouble of getting it written, will appreciate the difference to them of going

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to the nearest telegraph office and getting the operator to tinkle the bell in their native village in England, and announce, “Doing finely: bring father and mother: more the better here."

AMERICA REDIVIVA.1

THE return to specie payments, if safely effected on the 1st of January, will make an epoch in the history of the United States and a great moral tradition for the people. The accomplished fact will enkindle belief in all reform and progress, and will falsify the predictions of the prophets (and they were many) who foretold that the democracy would never submit to the great sacrifices necessary to raise the value of all debts from 38 cents in 1864 to 100 cents to-day. A recent instance will prove what a crucial test this has been. In June 1864, an Englishman lent £10,000, or its then equivalent, 120,000 dollars, on mortgage on an American farm worth 400,000 1 Macmillan's Magazine, January 1879.