be compared with those liberators of nations who have given them laws by which they might govern themselves, and retained no homage but their gratitude. — HENRY HALLAM.

BOOKS OF REFERENCE.

Bacon's Works, collected and edited by Spedding, Ellis, and Heath. James Spedding's "Francis Bacon and His Times" (1878).

Taine's "History of English Litera-
ture."

Pouillot's "Vie du Chancelier Francis
Bacon" (1755).

Dixon's "Personal History of Lord John Campbell's "Lives of the Lord

Bacon" (1859).

Biographies by Dr. Rawley (1658), by
Stephens (1734), by Mallet (1740),
by Thomas Martin (1835), and by
Montagu.

Craik's "Bacon and His Philoso-
phy."

Rémusat's "Bacon sa Vie et son Influence" (1857).

D'Ewes's Journal (1593).

Chancellors," vol. ii.

Whipple's "Literature of the Age of

Elizabeth."

Hallam's "History of Literature."
Lewes's "Biographical History of Phi-
losophy," vol. ii.

Tyler's "The Baconian Philosophy."
Fischer's" Bacon and His Times."
Hazlitt's Works, vol. iii.

Essay by Thos. Babington Macaulay.

PURITAN AGE.

A.D. 1649-1660.

SUBJECTION OF ALL SECULAR AND INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS TO FANATICISM.

PRODUCTION OF THE GREAT ENGLISH HEROIC EPIC, "PARADISE LOST," BY JOHN MILTON.

CULMINATION OF ENGLISH ALLEGORY UNDER
JOHN BUNYAN.

OUTBURST OF THEOLOGICAL ELOQUENCE “THE AUGUS-
TAN AGE OF ENGLISH DIVINITY."

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PURITAN AGE,

WITH HISTORICAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND ART NOTES.

A.D. 1649-1660.

Puritanism exercised a more or less direct influence over English politics, English religion, and English literature during the greater part of the seventeenth century, but culminated in the Commonwealth decade, when national government, creed, and intellect were essentially moulded to its theological dogmatism. The age was not long enough to embrace the entire lives of its representatives nor all of their works. Milton, Bunyan, and Baxter lived to be persecuted and condemned by the succeeding antagonistic era, with whose profligacy and liberality they had no sympathy; "Paradise Lost," the epic of Puritanism, “Pilgrim's Progress," the allegory of Puritanism, and many of Baxter's polemical writings in defence of Puritanism, did not appear till after the Restoration, but they were like strangers in a foreign land and among foreign manners.

[COMMONWEALTH.]

SUBJECTION OF ALL SECULAR AND INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS TO FANATICISM.

Establishment

by Parliament

of a republican

form of government under the title of "The

Commonwealth," 1649.

PURITAN austerity suppressed all secular tastes and amusements. All public entertainments were forbidden: Parliament closed the theatres, and had the actors publicly whipped; poetic festivals were prohibited; while even the May-pole dance and the innocent sports of children—games, dancing, wrestling, and bell-ringing-were sternly put down. Sculpture and Charles II. painting were denounced as idolatrous, and.

takes refuge in Holland.