Grace, burthen about 200 tons; laden with coffee and cotton, valued at about 20,000l. There were four French paffengers on-board her. The Falcon floop of war has taken and brought into Portsmouth a large French brig privateer, after an engagement of three hours off Portland. The French brig l'Aimable Amelia, loaded with pitch and tar, and other naval ftores, with a few bales of dry goods, is brought into Port Royal. She was cut out from Cape Donna Maria, by the boats of his majesty's hips Europa, Proferpine, and Fly. His majesty's fhip Hyæna, Capt. Hargood, has carried into Port Royal the following prizes: · The floop Pelops, loaded with cotton and mahogany; the floop Doraide, loaded with wine and dry goods; a privateer fchooner, mounting four twenty-four pounders and twelve Twivels, with twenty men; a Dutch floop in ballaft, that had been taken by the above privateer; the hip King Grey, Cafh, of Liverpool, 275 flaves, and taken by the above privateer near Porto Ricothe privateer was efcorting her prizes into St. Domingo. His majefty's fhip Penelope, Capt. Rowley, of 32 guns, has alfo captured a French man-of-war brig; which, being a very fine veffel, is brought into the fervice, and Mr. Woolly, who was first lieutenant of the Europa, of 50 guns, is made captain of her. July 8 the Syren frigate, of 32 guns, Capt. Manley (refpecting the fafety of which fhip great doubts were entertained), arrived at Plymouth from a cruize. A few days fince he fell in with, and captured, in the Bay of Biscay, after a chace of 28 hours, a beautiful copper-bottomed fhip privateer, called the Robert, mount. ing 22 guns, with 200 men, belonging to Bourdeaux, from which place the had failed but three days, during which time the had taken nothing. She is the fame fhip which recaptured the Eaft-Indiaman taken fome time ago by the Thetis frigate, Capt. Hartwell. The British frigate Proferpine, of 28 guns, has captured a French frigate of 32 guns, and carried her into St. Kitt's: the French commander made a gallant defence; but, after a fmart content of upwards of an hour, the fuperior bravery and good fortune of the English prevailed. The Nereus (letter of marque), of 16 guns, M'Iver, from Liverpool for New York, has re-captured a Spanish brig from the Havannah, laden with 850 boxes fine fugar, and other articles, and carried her to Kingale, The Caftor and Mermaid frigates have captured two French privateers, of 14 and 20 guns, and retaken their prize, the Sacre Famille, Landa, from Montevideo to Cadiz, and carried them to Gibraltar. His majefty's fhip Europa has taken and carried into New York l'Ambuscade, a French frigate, without firing a gun. Letters are received at the admiraltyoffice from Admiral Gardner on the WeftIndia ftation, which mention that a very fevere engagement had taken place between the Proferpine of 28 guns, Capt. J. Alms, and a French frigate of 32 guns, which Capt. Alms took into fort St. George. Sunday the 14th arrived at Plymouth, a large American fhip called the Cato, of and from Portsmouth in New Hampthire, laden with naval and military ftores, bound to Bourdeaux, captured a few days fince in the bay of Biscay by the Oreftes floop of war, commanded by Lord Auguitus Fitzroy. The Queen cutter, of Folkstone, has fent into Guernsey the l'Amie de Plantier, of Bayonne, brig privateer, of 14 4-pounders and 90 men, taken by Captain Golden of the Queen, and Captain Seward of the Surprize, after an engagement of one hour and five minutes, 20 leagues from Bourdeaux. Capt. Seward had 10 men wounded, The Thought privateer, of London, has taken and brought into Falmouth, the Le Pafle Partout, from Bourdeaux, a French privateer of 16 guns, with a quantity of dollars on board, and fome chefts of fugar, taken out of a Spanish veflel; also the Rawlinfon, American thip, with flour and pork, from New York to Havre, taken in company with the Weymouth, of Weymouth; and the Active, Blair, an American, from Philadelphia to Nantes, with fugar, coffee, &c. A gentleman at Naffau (New Providence) advises, that his majeity's floop of war the Serpent had brought in there, the 16th of April, a large French 1hip, captured off St. Nichola Mole, laden with dry goods, wine, brandy, &c. and that upwards of thirty prizes had been fent into Jamaica. His majefty's frigate the Iris, of 32 guns, lately arrived at Lifbon, had an engagement with a French French frigate of 36 guns; the Iris had 7 men killed, and 32 wound ed, with the lots of her fore-maft and mizen-maft, from which the was prevented purfuing the French frigate, which is fince arrived at Bourdeaux, with the lofs of 30 men killed and a great number wounded. I OF MAGNANIMITY. Subrius Flavius, the Roman tribune, MAGNANIMITY is that petulias being impeached for having confpired and upholds us in all circumstances of trial and adversity. It is the good fenfe of pride, and the nobleft way of acquiring applaufe. It renders the foul fuperior to the trouble, diforder, and emo tion, which the appearance of great danger might excite; and it is by this quality that heroes maintain their tranquility, and preferve the free ufe of their reafon in the most furprising and dreadful accidents. It admires the fame quality in its enemy; and fame, glory, conqueft, defire of opportunities to pardon and oblige their oppofers, are what glow in the minds of the brave. Magnanimity and courage are infeparable. The inhabitants of Privernum being fubdued and taken prifoners after a revolt, one of them being afked by a Roman fenator, who was for putting them all to death, what punishment he and his fellow-captives deferved? anf wered with great intrepidity, “ We deferve that punishment which is due to men who are jealous of their liberty, and think themselves worthy of it." Plautinus, perceiving that his answer exafperated fome of the fenators, endeavoured to prevent the ill effects of it, by putting a milder queftion to the prifoner: "How would you behave (fays he) if Rome fhould pardon you?" "Our conduct (replied the generous captive) depends on yours. If the peace you grant be an honourable one, you may depend on a conftant fidelity on our parts: if the terms of it be hard and difhonourable, lay no ftrefs on our adherence to you." Some of the judges conftrued thefe words as menances; but the wifer part, finding in them a great deal of magnanimity, cried out, that a nation whofe only defire was liberty, and their only fear that of lof. ing it, was worthy to become Roman. Accordingly, a decree paffed in favour of the prifoners, and Privernum was declared a municipium. Thus the bold fincerity of one man faved his country, and gained it the privilege of being incorporated into the Roman ftate. VOL. I. No. 4. against the life of the emperor Nero, not only owned the charge, but gloried in it. Upon the emperor's afking him what provocation he had given him to plot his death? Because I abhorred thee (faid Flavius), though there was not in the whole army one more zealously attached to thee than I, so long as thou didft merit affection; but I began to hate thee when thou becameft the murderer of thy mother, the murderer of thy brother and wife, a 'charioteer, a comedian, an incendiary, and a tyrant." Tacitus tells us, that the whole confpiracy afforded nothing that proved fo bitter and pungent to Nero as this reproach. He ordered Flavius to be immediately put to death, which he fuffered with amazing intrepidity. When the executioner defired him to ftretch out his neck valiantly, "I with (replied he) thou mayeft ftrike as valiantly." When the Scythian ambaffadors waited on Alexander the Great, they gazed attentively upon him for a long time without fpeaking a word, being very probably furprifed, as they formed a judgment of men from their air and ftature, to find that his did not answer the high idea they entertained of him from his fame. At last, the oldest of the ambaffadors (according to Q. Curtis) addreffed him thus: "Had the gods given thee a body proportionable to thy ambition, the whole univerfe would have been too little for thee. With one hand thou wouldst touch the east, aud with the other the weft; and, not fatisfied with this, thou wouldst follow the fun, and know where he hides himfelf. But what have we to do with thee? we never fet foot in thy country. May not thofe who inhabit woods be allowed to live, without knowing who thou art, and whence thou comeft? We will neither command over, nor fubmit to, any man. And, that thou mayeft be fenfible what kind of people the Scythians are, know, that we received from heaven, as a rich prefent, a yoke of oxen, a plough-fhare, a dart, a javelin, and a cup. Thefe we make ufe of, both with our friends and against our enemies. Το To our friends we give corn, which we procure by the labour of our oxen; with them we offer wine to the gods in our cup; and, with regard to our enemies, we combat them at a distance with our arrows, and near at hand with our javelins. But thou, who boastest thy coming to extirpate robbers, thou thy. felf art the greatest robber upon earth. Thou haft plundered all the nations thou overcameft: thou haft poffeffed thyfelf of Lydia, invaded Syria, Perfia, and Bactriana; thou art forming a design to march as far as India; and now thou comeft hither to feize upon our herds of cattle. The great poffeffions thou haft only make thee covet more eagerly what thou haft not. If thou art a god, thou oughteft to do good to mortals, and not deprive them of their poffeffions. If thou art a mere man, reflect always on what thou art. They whom thou shalt not moleft will be thy true friends, the strongest friendships being contracted between equals; and they are efteemed equals who have not tried their strength against each other: but do not imagine that thofe whom thou conquereft can love thee." Richard I. king of England, having invested the caftle of Chalus, was fhot in the fhoulder with a arrow; an unskilful furgeon, endeavouring to extract the weapon, mangled the flesh in fuch a manner, that a gangrene enfued. The castle being taken, and perceiving he fhould not live, he ordered Bertram de Gourdon, who had shot the arrow, to be brought into his presence. Ber I tram being come, "What harm (said the king) did ever I do thee, that thou shouldft kill me?" The other replied, with great magnanimity and courage, "You killed with your own hand my father and two of my brothers, and you likewise designed to have killed me. You may now fatiate your revenge. fhould cheerfully fuffer all the torments that can be inflicted, were I fure of having delivered the world of a tyrant who filled it with blood and carnage." This bold and spirited answer struck Richard with remorse. He ordered the prisoner to be prefented with one hundred fhillings, and fet at liberty; but Maccardec, one of the king's friends, like a true ruffian, ordered him to be flayed alive. The following modern inftance is extracted from a late French work intitled, Ecole Hiftorique & Morale du Soldat, &c. A mine, underneath one of the outworks of a citadel, was entrusted to the charge of a ferjeant and a few foldiers of the Piedmontefe guards. Several companies of the enemy's troops had made themselves mafters of this work; and the lofs of the place would probably foon have followed had they maintained their poft in it. The mine was charged, and a fingle spark would blow them all into the air. The ferjeant, with the greatest coolnefs, ordered the foldiers to retire, defiring them to request the king to take care of his wife and children; ftruck fire, fet a match to the train, and facrificed himself for his country. THE BATTLE OF IS SUS. [EAR Iffus, now Ajazo, a town of pafs between the mountains and the fea, Alexander the Great fought his fecond battle with Darius. One great cause of the defeat which the Perfians received here was the bad conduct of their monarch, who led his numerous forces into a narrow place, where they had not room to act. Alexander was fo much furprised when he first received the news that Darius was behind him, that he could fcarcely believe it to be true: but when he was thoroughly fatisfied of the fact, and that Darius had again passed the river Pinarus, he cal、, ་ led a council of war, wherein, without them, that he hoped they would remember their former actions; and that they, who where always conquerors, were about to fight people who were always beaten. He further obferved, that Darius feemed to be infatuated, fince he had with fuch expedition quitted an open champaign country, where his numbers might have acted with advantage, to fight in a place inclofed, where the Macedonian phalanx might be well drawn up, and where his numbers could only incommode him. He then made the neceffary difpofitions for repafling repaffing the mountains, posted guards where he found them neceffary, and then commanded his troops to refresh themselves, and to take their reft till morning. At break of day he began to repass the mountains, obliging his forces to move in close order where the road was narrow, and to extend themselves where they had more room; the right wing always keeping close to the mountain, and the left to the fea-fhore. On the right there was a battalion of heavyarmed troops, befides the targeteers under the command of Nicanor the fon of Parmenio. Next thefe, extending to the phalanx, were the corps of Conus and Perdiccas; and on the left, the refpective bodies commanded by Amyntas, Ptolemy, and Meleager. The foot appointed to fupport them were commanded by Craterus; but the whole left wing was committed to Parmenio, with ftrict orders not to decline from the fea-fhore, left the Perfians fhould furround them. Darius ordered 20,000 foot and 30,000 horse to retire, finding that he already wanted room to draw up the rest. His first line confifted of 30,000 Greek mercenaries, having on their right and left 60,000 heavy-armed troops, being the utmoft the ground would allow. On the left, towards the mountain, he posted 20,000 men, which, from the hollow fituation of the place, were brought behind Alexander's right wing. The rest of his troops were formed into close and ufelefs lines behind the Greek mercenaries, to the number in all of 600,000 men. When this was done, he fuddenly recalled the horse who had retired, fending part of them to take poft on his right against the Macedonians commanded by Parmenio; and the rest he ordered to the left to wards the mountain: but, finding them unferviceable there, he fent the greatest part of them to the right; and then took upon himself, according to the cuftom of the Perfian kings, the command of the main body. As foon as Alexander perceived that the weight of the Perfian horfe was difpofed againft his left wing, he difpatched, with as much fecrecy as he could, the Theffalian cavalry thither, and fupplied their places on the right by fome brigades of horse from the van, and light-armed troops. He alfo made fuch difpofitions, that, notwithstanding the advantage of the hollow mountain, the Perfians could not furround him. But, as these pre cautions had confiderably weakened the centre of his army, he ordered those advanced pofts on the enemy's left, of which he was most apprehensive, to be attacked at the very beginning of the fight; and, when they were easily driven from them, he recalled as many troops as were neceffary to strengthen his centre. When all things were in order, Alexander gave ftrict command that his army fhould march very flowly. As for Darius, he kept his troops fixed in their posts, and in fome places threw up ramparts; whence the Macedonians rightly obferved, that he thought himfelf already a prifoner. Alexander, at the head of the right wing, engaged first, and without any difficulty broke and defeated the left wing of Darius. But, endeavouring to pass the river Pinarus after them, his troops in fome measure lofing their order, the Greek mercenaries fell upon them in flank, and made them fight, not only for victory, but their lives. Ptolemy the fon of Seleucus, and 120 Macedonians of fome rank, were killed upon the spot. But the foot next to Alexander's right wing, coming in feasonably to its relief, fell upon the mercenaries in flank, amongst whom a dreadful carnage was made; they being in a manner furrounded by the horfe and light-armed troops, which at first purfued the left wing, and the foot that now paffed the river. The Perfian horfe on the right still fought gallantly; but, when they were thoroughly informed of the rout of their left wing and of the destruction of the Greek mercenaries, and that Darius himself was filed, they began to break, and betake themfelves to flight alfo. The Theffalian cavalry pursued them clofe at the heels; and the narrow craggy roads incommoded them exceedingly, fo that vaft numbers of them pe rifhed. As for Darius, he fled foon after the left wing was broken, in a chariot with a few of his favourites: as far as the country was plain and open, he escaped well enough; but, when the roads became rocky and narrow, he quitted it, and, mounting a horse, N 2 rode rode all the night: his chariot, in which were his cloak and his bow, fell into the hands of Alexander, who carried them back to his camp. In refpect of the battle of Iffus, Diodorus informs us, that Alexander looked every where for Darius; and, as foon as he difcovered him, with his handful of guards attacked him and the flower of the Perfian army which was about him; being as defirous of obtaining this victory by his personal valour, as of fubduing the Perfian empire by the courage of his foldiers. But when Oxathres, the brother of Darius, faw Alexander's defign, and how fiercely he fought to accomplish it, he threw himself, with the horse who were about him, between his brother's chariot and the enemy, where an obftinate fight was maintained, till the dead bodies rofe like an entrenchment about the chariot of Darius. Many of the Perfian nobility were flain, and Alexander himself was wounded in the thigh. At laft, the horfes in the chariot of Darius ftarted, and became fo unruly, that the king himself was forced to take the reins; the enemy, however, preffed fo hard upon him, that he was conftrained to COR THE FALL OF NORINTH was the most illuftrious of all the Greek cities. It is faid to have been founded 1514 years before Chrift, by Sifyphus the fon of Molus, and grandfather of Ulyffes. Various reafons are given for its name, but moft authors derive it from Corinthus the fon of Pelops. It was fituated in the fouth part of the isthmus which joins the Peloponnefus, now the Morea, to the continent. It confifted of a citadel built upon an eminence, and thence named Acrocorinthus; besides which it had two maritime towns fubject to it, named Lecheum and Cenchrea. The whole ftate extended fcarce half a degree in length or breadth; but fo advantageously were the abovementioned ports fituated, that they might have gained the Corinthians a fuperiority, if not a command, over all Greece, had not their advantageous fituation inclined them to commerce rather than war. For their citadel was almoft impregnable; and, commanding call for another chariot, and mounted it in great danger. This was the beginning of the rout, which foon after became general. According to this author, the Perfians loft 200,000 foot, and 10,000 horfe; the Macedonians 300 foot, and 150 horse. Juftin informs us, that the Persian army confifted of 400,000 foot, and about 100,000 horfe. He fays that the battle was hard fought; that both the kings were wounded, and that the Perfians ftill fought gallantly when their king fled, but that they were afterwards fpeedily and totally routed: he is very particular as to their lofs, which he fays amounted to 61,000 fout, 10,000 horse, and 40,000 taken prisoners; of the Macedonians he says there fell no more than 130 foot, and 150 horfe. Curtius fays, that of the Perfians there fell 100,000 foot, and 10,000 horse: of Alexander's army 504, he fays, were wounded; 32 foot and 150 horfe killed. That we may not fufpect any error in transcribers, his own obfervation confirms the fact: Tantulo impendio ingens victoria fietit," So small was the cost of so great a victory." CORIN T H. both the Ionian and Ægean feas, they could easily cut off all communication from one half of Greece with the other; for which reason this city was called one of the fetters of Greece. But, as the genius of the Corinthians led them to commerce rather than martial exploits, their city became the fineft in all Greece. It was adorned with the most sumptuous buildings, as temples, palaces, theatres, porticoes, &c. all of them enriched with a beautiful kind of columns, which from the city were called Corinthian. But tho' the Corinthians feldom or never engaged in a war with a view of enlarging, but rather of defending, their little ftate, they did not forget to cultivate a good difcipline both in time of peace and war. Hence many brave and experienced generals have been furnished by Corinth to the other Grecian cities, and it was not uncommon for the latter to prefer a Corinthian general to any of their own. |