companions but in town I formed and executed a plan of study for the use of my Transalpine expediof the ancient geography of Italy. My ardour did not flag for six weeks, until the end of the month of June. It was then that a journey to Geneva interrupted my attention; that the abode of Mésery produced a thousand distractions, and that the society of Saussure completed the sacrifice of my time. I resumed my labour, and this Journal, in the middle of August; and from that time to the beginning of November, I made the most of my time. I must confess that for the last two months my ardour has in some degree abated. In the first place, during this course of study, I have read-1. Nearly ten books of the geography of Strabo upon Italy twice over. 2. A part of the second book of the Natural History of Pliny. 3. The fourth book of the second chapter of Pomponius Mela. 4. The Itineraries

of Antoninus, and of Jerusalem, in regard to that which concerns Italy. These I have read with the Comments of Wesseling, &c. I have constructed tables of all the great roads of Italy, reducing the Roman miles into English miles and French leagues, according to the calculations of d'Anville. 5. The History of the Great Roads of the Roman Empire, by M. Bergier, 2 vols. 4to. 6. Some choice extracts from Cicero, Livy, Velleius Paterculus, Tacitus, and the two Plinys. The Roma Vetus of Nardini, and many other tracts on the same subject, which compose nearly the whole of the fourth volume of the Treasure of Roman Antiquities by Grævius. 7. The Italia Antiqua of Cluvier, in 2 vols. folio. 8. The Iter' or Journey of C. Rutilius Numatianus among the Gauls. 9. The catalogues of Virgil. 10. That of Silius Italicus. 11. The Journey of Horace to Brundusium. N.B. I have perused the three last items three times over. 12. Treatise on the Measurement of the Itineraries by d'Anville, and some Memoirs of the Academy of Belles Lettres. Secondly. As they made me wait at the library of Geneva for Nardini, I felt desirous of filling up the interval by a perusal of Juvenal, a poet whom I hitherto only knew by his reputation: I read him twice with pleasure and with care. Thirdly. During the year I have read some journals, and, among the .rest, the Journal Etranger since its commencement; a volume of the Nouvelles of Bayle; and the thirty five first volumes of the

tion: the topography of old Rome, the ancient geography of Italy, and the science of medals. 1. I dili

a

Bibliothèque Raisonnée. Fourthly. I have written good deal of my Recueil Geographique de l'Italie, which is already tolerably ample, and sufficiently curious. Fifthly. I have not neglected this Journal, which has become a work; 214 pages in four months and a half; and some of these, the best filled up, form a something considerable; and, without resting upon detached observation, they will contain some learned and argumentative dissertations. That on the passage of Hannibal contains ten pages, and that on the Social War, a dozen. But these passages are too lengthy, and even the journal itself has need of reform, and requires the retrenchment of pieces which are foreign to its genuine plan. After having duly reflected as above, here follow some of the objects which I regard as belonging to it. First. All my domestic and private life, my amusements, my engagements, even my rambles, with all my reflections that turn upon subjects which are personal as regards myself; I allow that all this is interesting only to myself; but it is only for myself my journal is written. Secondly. All which I learn from observation or conversation; but so that I record that only which I acquire from well-informed and veracious persons in relation to facts, or from the small number of those who merit the title of great men, as concerns sentiments and opinions. Thirdly. I will carefully note all that relates to the most important part of my studies; how many hours I have worked; how many pages I have written or read, with a brief account of the subjects on which they treat. Fourthly. I should be sorry to read without reflecting on what I read; without recording my digested judgment on my author, or without sifting with care their ideas and expressions. But all sorts of reading do not equally call for this. Some books may be run over, some be read, and others be studied. My remarks upon those of the first class need only be short and detached; they belong to my journal, in which those arising out of the second class may also find a place, but only in proportion as they partake of the same character. Fifthly. My reflections upon the small number of choice authors, as they will be meditated with care, will naturally be rendered lengthy and profound.

gently read, almost always with a pen in my hand, the elaborate treatises of Nardini, Donatus, &c. which

For these, and for the more extended and original pieces to which reading or meditation may give rise, I will form a separate repository. In the meantime I shall preserve its connexion with the journal by constant references, which will mark the number of every piece, and the time and occasion of its composition. With these arrangements my journal cannot but be useful. So exact an account of my time will make me better acquainted with its value, and will dissipate by its details the illusion which leads us to look only years and months in the face, and to despise hours and days. I say nothing of the pleasure. It is a very great one to be able to review every epoch of our lives, and to place ourselves as we please in the midst of all the better scenes in which we have performed a part ourselves, or seen parts performed by others.

April 6, 1764.]-1 was called up this morning by Pavilliard and Holroyd to stop the progress of a vexatious affair which passed at the ball after our departure. Guise, who has paid his court to mademoiselle d'Illens for a long time past, beheld with great pain that Van Berken, a Hollander, appeared likely to supplant him. He replied to the polite attentions of his rival with rudeness, and at length, in a contest for the hand of mademoiselle d'Illens, broke out against him in the most mal-a-propos manner in the world, and treated him before everybody as an impertinent, &c. I learnt from Pavilliard that Van Berken had sent him a message, and that the reply of Guise not having been satisfactory, they were to meet at five o'clock in the evening. In despair at perceiving my friend engaged in an affair from which he could not emerge blameless, I ran to the house of M. Crousaz, in which Van Berken resided. I soon found that a slight explanation, together with some apology on the part of Guise, would disarm him; and I proceeded to the latter with Holroyd, to induce him to give it. We have made him comprehend that the confession of a positive fault can never injure honour, and that his behaviour to the ladies, as well as to Van Berken, was without excuse. I dictated for him a suitable billet, but without the least improper humility, which I carried to the Hollander. He gave up his intention on the spot, wrote a polite reply, and

fill the fourth volume of the Roman Antiquities of Grævius. 2. I next undertook and finished the Italia Antiqua of Cluverius, a learned native of Prussia, who had measured on foot every spot, and has compiled and digested every passage of the ancient writers, These passages in Greek or Latin authors I perused in the text of Cluverius, in two folio volumes: but I separately read the descriptions of Italy by Strabo, Pliny, and Pomponius Mela, the catalogues of the Epic poets, the Itineraries of Wesseling's Antoninus, and the coasting voyage of Rutilius Numatianus; and I studied two kindred subjects in the Mesures Itenéraires of d'Anville, and the copious work of Bergier, Histoire des grands chemins de l'Empire Romain From these materials I formed a table of roads and distances reduced to our English measure; filled a folio common-place book with my collections and remarks on the geography of Italy; and inserted in my journal many long and learned notes on the insula and populousness of Rome, the social war, the passage of the Alps by Hannibal, &c. 3. After glancing my eye over Addison's agreeable dialogues, I more serithanked me a thousand times for the part which I had performed. In truth, this gentleman was not difficult. After dinner I saw our ladies, to whom I also bore an apology. The mother will take no further notice of it to Guise, but mademoiselle d'Illens is inconsolable at the blame which by this affair she may incur from the world. This negociation has taken me up the whole day, but I could not better employ a day than in saving the lives, possibly, of two persons, and in preserving the reputation of a friend. As to the rest. I have seen something more of character. Guise is brave. sincere, and sensible, but of an impetuosity which is only the more dangerous for being suppressed on ordinary occasions. C***** is inconsequential as a child. De Salis exhibiting an indifference which springs more from a deficiency of feeling than from an excess of reason. have conceived a sincere friendship for Holroyd. He possesses great good sense and honourable sentiments, with a heart the best disposed in the world.

I

ously read the great work of Ezechiel Spanheim, de Præstantiâ et Usu Numismatum, and applied with him the medals of the kings and emperors, the families and colonies, to the illustration of ancient history. And thus was I armed for my Italian journey.

*

* JOURNAL, Lausanne, Avril 17, 1764.]-Guise et moi, nous avons donné un dîner excellent et beaucoup de vin à Dupleix, et à beaucoup d'autres. Après diner nous sommes échappés pour faire quelques visites aux Grands, aux Seigneux, et aux d'Illens. Je pars avec quelques regrets: cependant un peu de vin, et une gaieté dont je ne pouvois rendre raison, m'ont rendu d'une étourderie sans pareille, vis-à-vis de ces petites. Je leur ai dit cent folies, et nous nous sommes embrassés en riant. Mésery nous a donné un très beau souper avec une partie de la compagne du matin, augmentée de Bourgeois et de Pavilliard. Ce souper, les adieux, sur tout à Pavilliard, que j'aime véritablement, et les préparatifs du départ, m'ont occupé jusqu'à deux heures du matin.

Je quitte Lausanne avec moins de regret que la première fois. Je n'y laisse plus que des connoissances. C'étoit la maîtresse et l'ami dont je pleurois la perte. D'ailleurs je voyois Lausanne avec les yeux encore novices d'un jeune homme, qui lui devoit la partie raisonnable de son existence. et qui jugeoit sans objets de comparaison. Aujourdhui j'y vois une ville mal bâtie, au milieu d'un pays délicieux, qui jouit de la paix et du repos, et qui les prend pour la liberté. Un peuple nombreux et bien élevé, qui aime la société, qui y est propre, et qui admet avec plaisir les étrangers dans ses cotteries, qui seroient bien plus agréables si la conversation n'avoit pas cédé la place au jeu. Les femmes sont jolies, et malgré leur grande liberté, elles sont très sages. Tout au plus peuvent-elles être un peu complaisantes, dans l'idée honnête, mais incertaine, de prendre un étranger dans leur filets. La maison de M. de Mésery est charmante; le caractère franc et généreux du mari, les agrémens de la femme, une situation délicieuse, un chère excellente, la compagnie de ses compatriotes, et une liberté parfaite, font aimer ce séjour à tout Anglois. Que je voudrois en trouver un semblable à Lon