tute, Howard College, Kentucky State University, Americus Institute, Waters Normal Institute, Walker Baptist Institute, Mississippi College, Spelman Seminary, Tuskegee Institute, and Hampton Institute, $48,308; to Southern Education Board, $10,000; expenses and balance, $14,448.

(5) Anna T. Jeanes fund.-Principal, $200,000; income, $10,566. Requisitions from Messrs. H. B. Frissell and Booker T. Washington approved and paid, $9,368.

(6) John D. Rockefeller gift of March 23, 1906.—Amount of gift, $250,000; income, $16,236; paid to Spelman Seminary, $12,000.

(7) Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.-Principal of fund, $2,621,105; income, $158,369; amount forwarded to treasurer of institute, $124,000.

The above statement shows that on June 30, 1909, the principal of the three larger funds under the control of that board, known as the "special," the "general," and the "foundation" fund, aggregated $38,537,066.66, a net increase of $223,966.37 over the preceding year. The available income account of the three funds amounted to $3,325,489.21. Appropriations aggregating $746,234.69 were made to 23 universities and colleges in sums ranging from $1,300 to $100,000. From the income, investments were made and added to the capital to the amount of $1,206,197.11. After expenses were paid there were balances on hand aggregating about $500,000.

The latest gift of Mr. Rockefeller, amounting to $10,000,000, was made July 7, 1909, subsequent to the close of the fiscal year of the board, and consequently is not included in the above statement.

CARNEGIE FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF TEACHING.

Two new features were incorporated in the rules of the Carnegie Foundation during the year covered by the Third Annual Report of President Pritchett (Oct. 1, 1907-Sept. 30, 1908), namely: The maximum amount of a retiring allowance was raised from $3,000 to $4,000 and a certain provision was made for widows' pensions by the adoption of the following rule:

Any person who has been for ten years the wife of a professor either in receipt of a pension or entitled to receive one shall receive during her widowhood one-half of the allowance to which her husband was entitled.

Pensions to widows had previously been only permissory. The executive committee have ruled that a widow's pension ceases upon remarriage.

During the year 78 names were added to the retiring-allowance roll, at a total cost of $113,765. Of these 39 were professors in accepted institutions and 24 in institutions not on the accepted list, while 15 were widows of professors. Thirteen persons in the retired

list died during the year and 2 temporary allowances were discontinued, so that the total addition to the list was 63 names.

The total number of retiring allowances in force September 30, 1908, was 211, as follows: One hundred and sixteen to professors in accepted institutions, 66 to professors not in accepted institutions, and 29 to widows. The increase for the year was 63. The total grant in force was $303,505, being greater by $101,360 than at the close of the preceding year.

The geographical distribution of retiring allowances was as follows: North Atlantic division, 104; South Atlantic division, 24; South Central division, 20; North Central division, 51; Western division, 5; Canada, 5; Newfoundland, 2.

Seven institutions were admitted to the privileges of the retiring allowance system during the year, as follows: Bowdoin College, the Central University of Kentucky, Drake University, Drury College, Franklin College, Rose Polytechnic Institute, and the University of Cincinnati.

Upon the subject of the exchange of teachers between Prussia and the United States President Pritchett has to remark:

In response to a request from the minister of instruction of Prussia, the trustees voted at their meeting on November 20, 1907, to authorize the president of the foundation to act as the agency in America for an exchange of teachers of English between the United States and Prussia.

Although the exchange has scarcely more than begun, several matters have developed respecting it to which it seems desirable to call attention.

In Prussia a very large number of well-qualified teachers applied for the opportunity to exchange, and a large number of gymnasia asked for the assignment of American teachers.

In the United States a considerable number of teachers applied, nearly all of whom were from the Central West. Very few applications came from New England, New York, or the Atlantic States, a result somewhat disappointing. This, however, was not so disconcerting as the lack of high schools or undergraduate colleges desiring to take, at the small expense involved, a German teacher. This arose, I am inclined to believe, from a misconception of the plan itself. * * *

The trustees may have noted that the inauguration of this exchange precipitated in English and German periodicals an amusing discussion as to whether Americans ought to be chosen to teach the English language. The fitness of Americans to teach English was warmly defended by Professor Brand and other German university professors who had visited the United States.

To the absence of uniformity in college financial reports is chiefly due the difficulty the foundation has met with in presenting comparative college statistics. Absolute uniformity, the president says, is probably impossible, and perhaps undesirable, but he gives a form of financial statement containing the more simple and fundamental items in which the public is interested and which are needed in the study of educational administration, to be incorporated in the finan

cial report of each institution, whatever form such report might in other respects take.

The question of the admission of tax-supported and state-controlled institutions to the accepted list had been constantly before the trustees during the two years of the foundation's administration. On the ground of established public policy it seemed altogether desirable that retiring allowances should be established in taxsupported colleges and universities by the States which governed and supported them. On the other hand, considering the interests of education, it appeared to be a misfortune to divide the colleges and universities of the country into two groups separated by the line of state support. President Pritchett disposed of the argument respecting the conflicting claims of a divided allegiance between the state college and the foundation by stating that no such case could arise.

Once a college has been admitted to the privileges of the retiring allowance system, its professors receive their retiring allowances through the college exactly as they receive their salaries. They have no occasion to know the foundation in the matter.

In view of all the considerations, Mr. Carnegie made to the trustees of the foundation the offer contained in the following letter addressed to the president of the foundation and dated March 31, 1908:

DEAR SIR: Your favor of to-day informs me of the desire of the professors of state universities to be embraced in the pension fund, as shown by a resolution unanimously adopted by their national association.

In my letter of April 16, 1905, handing over the fund to my trustees, the following occurs: "We have, however, to recognize that state and colonial governments which have established or mainly supported universities, colleges, or schools may prefer that their relations shall remain exclusively with the State. I can not, therefore, presume to include them."

I beg now to say that should the governing boards of any state universities apply for participation in the fund and the legislature and governor of the State approve such application, it will give me great pleasure to increase the fund to the extent necessary to admit them. I understand from you that if all the state universities should apply and be admitted five millions more of 5 per cent bonds would be required, making the fund $15,000,000 in all.

From the numerous letters I have received from pensioners and their wives and the warm approval of the press and the public, I am satisfied that this fund is, and must be for all time, productive of lasting good, not only to the recipients, but to the cause of higher education.

Most grateful am I to be privileged as trustee of this wealth to devote it to such use.

Truly, yours,

ANDREW CARNEGIE.

At a special meeting, held May 7, 1908, the trustees voted unanimously to accept the offer of Mr. Carnegie to supply the $5,000,000 of additional endowment.

An abstract of an address by President Pritchett, setting forth the principles upon which the administration of the foundation is conducted, etc., is given on page 138 of this volume.

THE CARNEGIE FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF TEACHING AND THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY.

The following letter, reprinted from Science (June 18, 1909), was addressed by the president of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching to the president of the George Washington University:

President CHARLES W. NEEDHAM,

The George Washington University, Washington, D. C.

JUNE 4, 1909.

DEAR SIR: I am directed by the executive committee of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching to send to you, as president of the George Washingon University, the following communication:

The George Washington University reported to the foundation a productive endowment of $219,832.96 as of date August 21, 1907. In the financial statement submitted some time since it reported as of date October 3, 1908, a productive endowment of $123,500.

The rules of the Carnegie Foundation require that an institution, to be entitled to the privileges of the retiring-allowance system, must have a productive endowment of not less than $200,000. This proviso was made because experience has proved that no college can maintain fair educational standards without adequate endowment.

The examination which I have just caused to be made of the George Washington University shows that its announced standards of admission to the various schools are not enforced.

In the college division of the university regular students are admitted with reasonable regard to the stated admission requirements, but of the total enrollment more than one-third are special students. The value of the A. B. degree, however, is seriously lowered by the lax administration of the college of political sciences and the division of education, to which admission is granted with little regard to the published entrance requirements. The law school announces a four-year high-school education as a prerequisite for admission, but does not enforce it. Similarly in the medical school the announced requirements for admission have been repeatedly evaded. If the entrance requirements to this school were actually enforced, the enrollment would be so greatly reduced that the department could not continue-a result, I may add, entirely in the interest of medical education, since the District of Columbia and the region about it are oversupplied not only with physicians, but with weak medical schools.

The executive committee feels compelled also to protest against the extraordinary action of the institution in forcibly retiring two professors, both of whom are in the prime of their active teaching, on the ground that the institution needs to save money by the retiring-allowance system, but it is entirely contrary to the spirit in which this foundation was conceived and is a blow at academic dignity and academic freedom.

The committee further calls your attention to the extract from the rules for the admission of institutions: "The trustees of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching reserve the right to discontinue the privilege of participation in the system of retiring allowances of the foundation whenever, in

the judgment of the trustees, an institution ceases to conform to the regulations maintained by the trustees. Such withdrawal shall not, however, result in the discontinuance of retiring allowance already granted."

The executive committee, by virtue of the authority conferred upon it under the by-laws, in view of the conditions existing in the George Washington University referred to above, conditions which are entirely out of harmony with the educational ideals for which the foundation stands, informs you with great regret that the relation of the George Washington University as an accepted institution is terminated with this date.

Very truly, yours,

HENRY S. PRITCHETT,

President.

The foregoing letter called forth a detailed statement by President Needham of the plans and work of the George Washington University, which was published in Science, June 25, 1909. Those portions of the statement that deal more directly with the points raised by President Pritchett are as follows:

In regard to the pensioning of teachers, so far as I understand it, it has always been construed where a pension system existed that when a professor has become entitled to a pension, either by length of service or by age limit, he has the right to retire voluntarily at any time, and the university has the equal right to retire him when for any cause it seems expedient to do so. In the recent action it became necessary to reduce the expenses about $25,000 and to distribute that retrenchment among each of the departments of the university. Of necessity the services of some of the teachers had to be dispensed with, and in selecting the ones to be retained, all things being equal, it was natural to retain those who were thoroughly in harmony with the general plans and development of the university.

The action of the Carnegie Foundation in assuming that the university had no option but could retire only those eligible who voluntarily sought retirement seems to be contrary to the usual construction of pension systems. Waiving this point, however, their action in our case was hasty and arbitrary.

* *

The productive investments in 1900 were $223,509.65. In 1908 they were $127,740.91. This change in the productive assets was caused by the drain upon the funds occasioned by the increase in the cost of maintaining the university. The contributions toward the current expenses were insufficient to meet the annual deficit, and thus funds which were properly applicable had to be used to pay the salaries and current expenses or close the doors to progress.

ACTION OF STATE LEGISLATURES REGARDING CARNEGIE PENSIONS.

A joint resolution of 1909 of the Idaho legislature approves the application of the regents to have the University of Idaho placed upon the accepted list of institutions eligible to receive the benefits of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

Act No. 241 of the legislature of South Carolina, approved March 1, 1909, authorizes the trustees of all institutions of higher learning supported in whole or in part by the State of South Carolina to secure the benefits of the retiring funds for their teachers.