2. Enumerate the synonyms or other names used instead of extension and intension.

3. According to what law is the quantity of extension connected with the quantity of intension? Show that the law holds true of the following series of

terms

(1) Iron, metal, element, matter, substance.
(2) Matter, organized matter, animal, man.
(3) Ship, steamship, screw-steamship, iron screw-
steamship, British iron screw steamship.
(4) Book, printed book, dictionary, Latin dic-
tionary.

4. Distinguish between the connotation and denotation of a term.

5. Select from the list of terms under Lesson III., Question 8 (p. 297), such terms as are non-connotative according to Mr Mill's views.

6. Arrange the following terms in series as in question 3, placing each term of greater extension before a term of less extension. Point out which are the terms of greatest and least intension in each series.

LESSON VI.-Growth of Language.

1. Trace out the generalization or specialization which has taken place in any of the following words:

Kind, genus, class, species, order, rank, Augustus, president, speaker, Utopia, rock, Commons, doctor.

2. Point out metaphors derived from the notions of weight, straightness, rock, wind.

3. Distinguish as accurately as possible the meanings of the following synonyms :

Sickness, malady; mud, mire; confutation, refutation; boundary, limit; mind, intellect; recollection, reminiscence; procrastination, dilatoriness; converse, reverse, obverse, inverse.

4. Form lists of all the words derived from any of the following roots :—

(1) Tendere, to stretch, as in intention, attention. (2) Ponere, to place, as in position, supposition. (3) Genus, tribe or kind, as in genus, generation. (4) Munus, gift, as in remuneration, common (Latin, Communis).

(5) Modus, shape or fashion, as in mood, moderate. (6) Scribere, to write, as in scribe, inscription, describe.

(7) Capere to take, as in deception, incipient.

LESSON VII.-Leibnitz on Knowledge.

1. What are the characters of perfect knowledge? 2. Describe the character of the knowledge which we have of the following notions or objects :—

A syllogism.

Electricity.

Motion.

A triangle.

Eternity.

The weight of the earth (5852 trillions of tons).
The colour of the sky.

3. Explain exactly what you mean by intuitive knowledge.

LESSON VIII.-Propositions.

1. Define a proposition, and name the parts of which it is composed.

2. How are propositions classified?

3. Name the four kinds of categorical propositions, and their symbols.

4. Under which classes are singular and indefinite propositions placed?

5. Enumerate the most usual signs of the quantity of a proposition.

6. What are modal propositions according to early logicians, and according to Thomson ?

7. How far do logicians consider propositions with regard to their truth or falsity?

LESSON IX.-Opposition of Propositions.

1. State the quantity of the subject and predicate in each of the propositions A, E, I, O.

2. Select out of the following propositions, pairs of contrary, contradictory, subaltern, and subcontrary propositions :

(1) Some elements are known.
(2) No elements are known.

(3) All elements are known.
(4) Not all elements are known.
(5) Some elements are not known.
(6) All elements are not known.

3. What propositions are true, false, or doubtful,

(1) when A is false,

(2) when E is false,

(3) when I is false,

(4) when O is false?

4. Prove by means of the contradictory propositions

that subcontrary propositions cannot both be false.

5. Show by means of the subcontrary propositions that contrary propositions may both be false. 6. What quantity would you assign to each of the following propositions?

(1) Knowledge is power.

(2) Nebulæ are material bodies.

(3) Light is the vibration of an ether.

(4) Men are more to be trusted than we think.
(5) The Chinese are industrious.

7. Why is it desirable in controversy to refute a statement by its contradictory and not by its contrary?

LESSON X.-Conversion and Immediate Inference.

1. Define inference and conversion.

2. What are converse and convertend propositions? 3. State the rules of valid conversion.

4. Name all the kinds of conversion.

5. By what process do we pass from each of the following propositions to the next?

(1) No knowledge is useless.

(2) No useless thing is knowledge.
(3) All knowledge is not useless.
(4) All knowledge is useful.

(5) What is not useful is not knowledge.
(6) What is useless is not knowledge.

(7) No knowledge is useless.

6. Give the logical opposites of the following proposition, and the converse of its contradictory: "He cannot become rich who will not labour." 7. Apply negative conception to the proposition “All men are fallible;" then convert and show that the result is the contrapositive of the original.

8. Classify the propositions subjoined into the four

following groups:—

a. Those which can be inferred from (1).

6. Those from which (1) can be inferred.

c. Those which do not contradict (1), but cannot be inferred from it.

d. Those which contradict (1).

(1) All just acts are expedient acts.
(2) No expedient acts are unjust.
(3) No just acts are inexpedient.
(4) All inexpedient acts are unjust.
(5) Some unjust acts are inexpedient.
(6) No expedient acts are just.
(7) Some inexpedient acts are unjust.
(8) All expedient acts are just.
(9) No inexpedient acts are just.
(10) All unjust acts are inexpedient.
(11) Some inexpedient acts are just acts.
(12) Some expedient acts are just.
(13) Some just acts are expedient.
(14) Some unjust acts are expedient.

LESSONS VIII. IX. and X.-Examples of Propositions.

The reader is desired to ascertain the logical character of each of the following propositions; he is to state of each whether it is affirmative or negative, universal, particular, singular or indefinite, pure or modal, exclusive or exceptive, &c.; when irregularly stated he is to reduce the proposition to the simple logical order; he is then to convert the proposition, and to draw immediate inferences from it by any process which may be applicable.

(1) All birds are feathered.

(2) No reptiles are feathered.
(3) Fixed stars are self-luminous.