PAST ANTERIOR.—I had been dissatisfied. Thou hadst been hoarse. mécontent

He had been stubborn. We had been uneasy.

enroué

You had been

inquiet

FUTURE.-Shall I be rich? Wilt thou be morose? She will be

credulous. We shall be inflexible. Will you be unfaithful? Will crédule

infidèle.

FUTURE ANTERIOR.- -Shall not I have been too hasty in that affair?

vif

affaire f. Thou wilt have been civil and polite. He will have been distrustful.

honnête

We shall have been severe.

sévère

poli

défiant

You will have been obstinate. Will

not your friends have been good and beneficent?

(150.)

bienfaisant

obstiné

CONDITIONAL PRESENT.-I should be too busy. Thou wouldst be

occupé

skilful. He would be awkward. We should not be credulous. You adroit

would not be tired. Would not those things be useless? Would

fatigué

they not be superfluous ?

f.

superflu.

chose f. (150.) inutile

CONDITIONAL PAST.-I should have been grateful.

reconnaissant

Wouldst

thou have been ungrateful? He would not have been absent. Should

ingrat

we have been avaricious? You would have been stronger than I.

IMPERATIVE.-Be affable. Let us not be detained. Be ye

discreet. Do not be (in such a hurry).

retenu

discret

si pressé

162. Use of avoir and être as Auxiliaries. The verb avoir is used in conjugating:

1st, Its own compound tenses; as, J'ai eu, I have had. 2nd, The compound tenses of étre; as, J'ai été, I have been.

3rd, The compound tenses of all active or transitive verbs; as, J'ai aimé, I have loved.

4th, The compound tenses of neuter verbs; as, J'ai dormi, I have slept. Except a few conjugated with étre ; as, Je suis tombé, I have fallen. (See Neuter Verbs.) The verb étre is used to conjugate:

1st, All passive verbs; as, Je suis aimé, I am loved. 2nd, The compound tenses of all reflective verbs; as, Il s'est flatté, he has flattered himself.

REGULAR VERB S.

FIRST CONJUGATION.

163. Model of the First Conjugation, Infinitive Mood ending in ER.

The first conjugation comprises the greater number of the verbs, including about 5000, whose terminations are alike through all their changes for mood, tense, number, and person. These terminations are the variable letters, which, for distinction, are printed in italics in the models of the conjugations which follow.

NOTE. The greater part of the French verbs ending in er in the infinitive are derived from Latin verbs ending in are in the same mood, or those of the first conjugation; as,

Douter, to doubt

From the Latin
Espérer, to hope......... sperare.
Humecter, to moisten... humectare.
Laver, to wash
lavare.

Narrer, to relate......... narrare.
Porter, to carry

portare.

Révoquer, to revoke revocare.

...

ædificare. | Triompher, to triumph. triumphare.

INFINITIVE MOOD.

PRESENT.-Aimer, to love.

PAST.-Avoir aimé, to have loved.

PARTICIPLES.

PRESENT.-Aimant, loving.

PAST.-Aimé, loved. Ayant aimé, having loved.
FUTURE.-Devant aimer, about to love.

164. NOTE. The French form their simple tenses with one word only; they have no emphatic auxiliary like do or did, as I do love, I did love, etc., and never use the participle present as in the English expressions I am loving, I was loving, etc.

Je venais d'aimer,
Tu venais d'aimer,
Il venait d'aimer,
Nous venions d'aimer,
Vous veniez d'aimer,
Ils venaient d'aimer,

FUTURE.

J'aimerai,
I shall love.
Tu aimeras,
Thou wilt love.
Il aimera,
He will love.

Nous aimerons,
We shall love.
Vous aimerez,
You will love.
Ils aimeront,

They will love.

I had just loved.
Thou hadst just loved.
He had just loved.
We had just loved.
You had just loved.
They had just loved.

FUTURE ANTERIOR.

J'aurai aimé,
I shall have loved.
Tu auras aimé,
Thou wilt have loved.
Il aura aimé,
He will have loved.

Nous aurons aimé,
We shall have loved.
Vous aurez aimé,
You will have loved.
Ils auront aimé,
They will have loved.

*There is another past tense,-J'ai eu aimé, etc.; but the occasions for

using it rarely occur.

See Illustrations of Moods and Tenses.

† See note, page 85,