12]

A CURE AT OSWALD'S TOMB.

241

him. And this man was as though he had awoke from a deep slumber, and he never was afflicted by this malady any more as long as he lived. P 40 6 AD LOCVM VIRORVM p 106 1

4 n.

9 EXORCISMOS for a notice of the appointment of exorcists by 5 the church see Cockayne's Saxon Leechdoms vol 1 pref p xxxix. IO QVAEQVE= quaecumque.

15

IN

N later times a boy in the same monastery was taken with a fever, and was directed by one of the brethren to go and stay quietly at St Osuald's tomb. He remained there till the hour of the attack was past, and was freed from his malady. The brother who related this to Beda said that the boy had grown up and was still living in the monastery. It is no wonder that the prayers of the saint are so efficacious after his 20 death, for his devotion to God was so signal all his lifetime. It is said he died with a prayer for his soldiers on his lips and the words of his prayer passed into a proverb. The head hands and arms of King Osuald had been cut from his body and put on stakes, but afterwards Oswy recovered them and put the head in the church at Lindisfarne 25 and the hands and arms in that at the royal city of Bebbanburgh. P 41 4 ACCESSIONIS a technical term )( 1 10 recessionis.

II SVASSERAT suaserat.

12-14 PRAESVMSIT...AVDERET these words are remarkable as conveying the idea that the disease was caused by some personal 30 agency.

15 QVI REFEREBAT MIHI FRATER INDE ADVENIENS on Beda's authorities see pp 5 6. 209.

22 A TEMPORE MATVTINAE LAVDIS AD DIEM V 9 (p 191 4 S) Ecgberct had made all preparations for his missionary voyage to 35 Germany, when uenit die quadam mane primo ad eum unus de fratribus...referens ei uisionem quae sibi eadem nocte apparuisset 'cum expletis' inquiens 'hymnis matutinalibus in lectulo membra posuissem ac lenis mihi somnus obrepsisset'. ib 1 23 post dies paucos

242

MATINS.

TRANSLATION OF RELICS.

[III

rursus uenit ad eum praefatus frater, dicens quia et ea nocte sibi post expletos matutinos Boisil per uisum apparuerit. p 106 1 12 n. uita Cuthb 45 (II 134 8 St) at ubi consuetum in monasterio nocturnae orationis signum insonuit, excitatus sonitu resedit ipse. nec mora...... sanatum se esse intellegens surrexit et in gratiarum actione domino omne 5 nocturnae siue matutinae psalmodiae tempus stando persoluit. Greg dial III 14 col 304de nocte uero eadem dum ex more cum fratribus ad exhibendas laudes domino surrexisset, praecepit dicens: 'ite et operariis nostris pulmentum coquite, ut mane primo paratum sit.' Tert ad uxor II 5 etiam per noctem exsurgis oratum. Bingham IC XIII 9 S$ 4. 7. 10 esp §§ 11-15.

25 SVPINAS Hor c III 23 I caelo supinas si tuleris manus. lexx 'supinus.' Kaye's Tertullian 383. 429.

P 42 I MISERERE ANIMABVS for constr see addenda to glossary.

3 TRANSLATA Alcuin sanct Ebor 301-311. Lingard II 87. 15 P 35 1 14. p 38 1 14. P 49 1 19. p 641 24. P 99 1 3. h a 15 (p 302 4-7 S). Stevenson 'during the Danish invasion they were carried from Bardney to Gloucester Sim Dunelm col 152. Brompton col 833. Capgrave fol 256. His head was placed in the same tomb with Cuthbert's body, and was found in 1827. See J Raine St Cuthbert, 20 with an account of the state in which his remains were found upon the opening of the tomb in Durham cathedral in 1827 (Durham 1828 4to p 187).'

4 QVO DIXIMVS p 38 1 19. CAPVT P 43 1 22.

5 REX QUI OCCIDERAT Penda p 35 1 27, who also slew Edwin 25 and Anna cf Fuller § 75.

8 REGIA CIVITATE Bamborough p 291 28 n. See Sax chron

an 642.

XIII

HE fame of Osuald's holiness and miracles spread to Germany and

THE fame of Osuald's hovinend prelate acea is Beda's authority nor

30

miracles wrought among the Fresones by the relics of this holy king. The same prelate also told how the reputation of the saint had spread throughout Ireland. Beda gives one story to illustrate this. In a certain time of plague a scholar of the Scots who had been careless of 35 his eternal welfare was stricken and like to die. He began to be dismayed and spake to Acca of his fear of eternal torments for his sins. If heaven would but spare him he would correct his vicious life, but he

13]

SAINT WILLIBRORD.

243

feels that he has no merit of his own to urge why he should be spared. Yet he has heard of the piety of king Osuald, and of the miracles wrought by his relics. He therefore intreats that if any of them can be had, they may be brought to him. Acca had some of the wood from 5 the stakes on the which the holy king's head was impaled, and when a splinter from that wood was put into holy water, for the sick man to drink, he presently began to amend, and soon entirely recovered, and live long after to proclaim the glory of God.

ΙΟ

Alcuin sanct Ebor 455-498.

P 42 15 VILBRORDVM V IO. He took the name of Clemens, as Wilfrid that of Boniface, Caedualla that of Peter, Biscop Baduking that of Benedict p 581 2. Eddius 26-28 says that the Frisian king Algis or Aldgels received Wilfrid hospitably, and that the people attributed to the stranger's God a fruitful harvest and successful fishing-season. He 15 baptised all the chieftains and some thousands of the people: et primum ibi secundum apostolum fundamentum fidei posuit, quod adhuc superaedificat filius eius in HRypis nutritus gratia dei Wilbrordus episcopus, multo labore desudans, cuius merces manet in aeternum. PPM Alberdingk Thijm Willibrordus (Amst 1861) he is said (p 94) 20 to have left Ripon for Ireland aet 20 in 677 or 678, to have lived under Ecgberct in the Irish monastery Rathmelsigi (Melfont) ten years, and in his 33rd year to have been urged by his abbat to devote himself to the conversion of the Frisians. The visit of Wilfrid, Acca and Eddius is

In

placed (p 202) in 704, on Wilfrid's second journey to Rome. Authorities 25 in Van der Aa biogr Woordenboek Willebrordus,' including two lives (in prose and in verse) by Alcuin cf sanct Ebor 1033-70. Add Bonif ep 107 Jaffé. Willibald uita Bonif c 5 p 447. Pagi 690. 696.

18 HIBERNIA p 26 1 2 n. p 79 1 10-24 n. There also the Hewalds 'Black' and 'White' were trained for the conversion of the 30 'Old Saxons' v 10.

35

Eddius 18 (end) in magna

See also Reeves' life of S Co

18 19 PEREGRINAM... VITAM peregrinari was the common term for undertaking missionary enterprises. Adamn uit S Columb pref sec. 23 MORTALITATIS P 79 19 n. mortalitate. Ussher antiqu 490 491. lumba II 47 and the notes on the passage. the "yellow plague" Gerald Cambr Itin Camb II I. It is said to have made its first appearance in Britain 547 A D and in Ireland 550 A D. In AA SS V 202 we read of it that flauos primitus faciebat homines et postea

The disease was known as

244

HOLY WATER.

[III

occidebat. It was in England in 680 AD see p 118 19 n and in 686 A D see Beda h a c 8.

27 BENEDIXI AQVAM I 30 pr Gregory bids Mellitus sprinkle idol temples with holy water, raise altars and place relics in them, and so convert them into churches. V 4 (cf Alcuin sanct Ebor 1135-53) John of Beverley heals a count's wife with holy water. mirac. Cuthb 23. 10 uita Cuthb 25. 29. Eddius 36. Greg dial 1 10 (p 200b with Bened note) cure of a broken leg. Greg Tur glor mart 1 24 where Ruinart cites also uita Caesarii II 13 for the practice (still kept up in his day) of taking home water consecrated on Easter eve, 'ad tutamen aduersus diabolicos incursus et ad aerearum potestatum insidias abigendas.' Bingham VIII 3 15 § 7. Hospinian de templis ïv 8. U G Siber de aquae benedictae potu brutis non denegando e probatiss hist eccl monumentis tract Lips 1712 4to. Siegel Handbuch 'Weihwasser.' W E Scudamore in DCA 'holy water.' Cockayne's Sax Leechd 'holy water' and the passages referred to in the index.

20

Ο

SUALD was succeeded by his brother Osuiu, who had a troublous reign of twenty-eight years, for Penda king of Mercia attacked him, and his son and a nephew rebelled against him. Paulinus bishop of 25 Rochester died after an episcopate of more than nineteen years and Ithamar was ordained bishop in his stead. Osuiu had a partner in his royal dignity for the first nine years. This was Oswin, son of Osric of the family of king Edwin. Osuiu had Bernicia, and Oswin Deira. But in consequence of a quarrel they each collected an army with the inten- 30 tion of settling their dispute by battle. Oswin however finding the forces against him superior to his own dismissed his troops and took refuge with earl Hunuald. By him he was betrayed to Osuiu who put him to death. This crime was committed at Ingetlingum (Gilling) where the victorious king afterwards built a monastery to atone for his guilt.

Oswin was a prince, comely courteous and bountiful. Beda relates a story of his gift of a horse to bishop Aedan which the bishop soon afterwards bestowed upon a poor man who asked alms of him. The

35

5

14]

MURDER OF OSWIN.

245

king reproached him for this excess of liberality but in consequence of the bishop's reply, entreated forgiveness for what he had said. The bishop foretold that so humble a man could not be long permitted to live in so unworthy a nation. The early murder of the king fulfilled this presage, and Aedan himself did not live more than twelve days after the king whom he so much loved.

P 44 3 OSVIV 1 10-12 Paulinus died 10 Oct 644 in Osuiu's second year, ie Osuiu came to the throne after 10 Oct 642.

5 INPVGNATVS Penda king of Mercia was probably in league IO with the Britons, between whom and Osuiu the ann Tighern mention a battle as having been fought 642 AD.

7 ALCHFRIDO p 66 1 7. h a 2 (his design of visiting Rome with Benedict Biscop). He was Wilfrid's patron Eddius 7-10. ALCHFRIDO 15 Ealhfrith (Saxon Version) seems to be a different person from Aldfrid (Ealdfrith. Sax Vers) son of Osuiu who succeeded Ecgfrid 685 A D. See Lappenberg I 187 n.

"",, FRATRIS Osuald.

Oidilwald was king of Deira p 63 1 6.

AD 665 he was on the side of the Mercians against Osuiu and the 20 Bernicians though he held aloof from the battle p 66 1 10-15. The union therefore of Deira and Bernicia was not so complete as would appear from p 301 3-5 (Hussey).

IO PAVLINVS Consecrated at Canterbury by Iustus 21 July 25 625 11 9.

14 ANDREAE II 3. Siegel Handbuch I 113 more churches dedicated to St Andrew than to other saints; many churches in Germany, France, Belgium boast an arm or finger or garment or strip from a garment of this apostle. He quotes A du Saussay: gloria s. Andreae 30 Par 1656 fol.

17 ITHAMAR ORIVNDVM QVIDEM SED AEQVANDVM though he was the first bp of English blood, still in life and learning he could bear comparison with the 9 (10 counting Aedan) bps who had preceded him.

20 OSVINI he was canonised. See AA SS Aug IV 47.

21 SVPRA P 19 14.