306

OF SACRED DUST.

[IV

P 99 14 PVLVERIS p 21 17 n (on astulas). p 36 1 5 n. v 18 Pecthelm reported of bp Hæddi, that where he died ob meritum sanctitatis eius multa sanitatum sint patrata miracula hominesque prouinciae illius solitos ablatum inde puluerem propter languentes in aquam mittere atque huius gustum siue asper- 5 sionem multis sanitatem aegrotis et hominibus et pecoribus conferre; propter quod frequenti ablatione pulueris sacri fossa sit ibidem facta non minima. Jerome ep 109=53 ad Riparium rails fiercely against Vigilantius for speaking ('opening his stinking mouth') against the relics of the holy martyrs, and for call- 10 ing such as venerate them cinerarios et idololatras. In the tract contra Vig he compares his adversary to centaurs, sirens, owls, Cerberus, the Erymanthian boar, chimaera etc. Happily he has preserved some of the 'blasphemies' which to protestant ears sound like the voice of sober reason II 390bc (Ven 1767) quid necesse est te tanto honore non 15 solum honorare sed etiam adorare illud nescio quid, quod in modico uasculo transferendo colis?...quid puluerem linteamine circumdatum adorando oscularis?... prope ritum gentilium uidemus sub praetextu religionis introductum in ecclesiis, sole adhuc fulgente moles cereorum accendi et, ubicumque puluis- 20 culum nescio quod in modico uasculo pretioso linteamine circumdatum osculantes adorant. Jerome replies 391b-d dolet martyrum reliquias pretioso operiri uelamine et non uel pannis uel cilicio colligari uel proici in sterquilinium, ut solus Vigilantius ebrius et dormiens adoretur. ergo sacrilegi sumus, quando apostolorum basilicas 25 ingredimur? sacrilegus fuit Constantius imperator I, qui sanctas reliquias Andreae Lucae et Timothei transtulit Constantinopolim [Hier chron an 19 et 20 Constantii and catal c 7 end. Philostorg III 2], apud quas daemones rugiunt et inhabitatores Vigilantii illorum se sentire praesentiam confitentur? sacri- 30 legus dicendus est et nunc Augustus Arcadius, qui ossa beati Samuelis longo post tempore de Iudaea transtulit in Thraciam? omnes episcopi non solum sacrilegi sed et fatui iudicandi, qui rem uilissimam et cineres dissolutos in serico et uase aureo portauerunt? 394cd male facit ergo 35 Romanus episcopus, qui super mortuorum hominum Petri et Pauli, secundum nos ossa ueneranda, secundum te uilem puluisculum, offert domino sacrificia et tumulos eorum Christi arbitratur altaria? et non solum unius urbis sed totius orbis errant

4]

NO SERPENTS IN IRELAND.

307

episcopi, qui cauponem Vigilantium contemnentes, ingrediuntur basilicas mortuorum, in quibus puluis uilissimus et fauilla nescio quae iacet linteamine conuoluta, ut polluta omnia polluat? 395d Vigilantius de barathro pectoris sui caenosam spurcitiam euomens pro5 ceeds to ask: ergo cineres suos amant animae martyrum et circumuolant eos semperque praesentes sunt? he also (396*-*) argues against the miracles wrought in the martyrs' basilicae. cf Greg Tur glor mart 1 50. 62 end. mirac Martini 11 26 wax from St Martin's grave quenches a fire.

IO

P 99 14 AQVAS P 21 1 7 n. I 1 (p 42 7 S) no serpents in Ireland ; scrapings of Irish books a specific against their poison uidimus quibusdam a serpente percussis rasa folia codicum qui de Hibernia fuerant et ipsam rasuram aquae inmissam ac potui datam talibus protinus totam uim ueneni grassantis totum inflati corporis 15 absumsisse ac sedasse tumorem. Becket's blood diluted had like virtues JG Nichols pilgrimages to St Mary of Walsingham and St Thomas of Canterbury by Erasmus 2 (1875) 131 132.

22 VVLFHERI III 24 end. He died 675 AD after a reign of 17 years p 1691 31.

25 WHE

IV

HEN Colman left Britain, he first went to the island of Hii with his Scots and the Angles, about thirty in number, who were his companions. After a time they removed to another island on the west of Ireland named Inis-boufinde. Here he lived with his company of monks partly Scots and partly Angles; but they did not agree together, 30 for the Scots wandered away in the summer time when the crops were to be gathered, but came and desired to live on the labours of the Angles in the winter. So Colman found a place in Ireland called Mageo suitable for a monastery, and buying a piece of land there from the earl to whom it belonged, he built, with the assistance of the said 35 earl and those who dwelt near, a suitable house and brought thither the

Angles and left the Scots behind. This monastery is still occupied by English, and is now called Muigeo and has an excellent company of monks who live under a rule and canonical abbat.

308

COLMAN'S MONASTERIES.

[IV

P 99 26 COLMANVS III 25 26.

29. VTRIQVE in its strict classical use, both parties, Scots and Angles cf p 791 13.

30 ECCLESIA SVA Lindisfarne p 77 1 15, where he was bishop for 3 years ib 16, ie 661-664.

P 100 HII bp Ceollach also retired to Iona p 60 1 2. cf III 3 end. 4. 5 pr. p 49 1 23. The monastery, founded by Columba, multis diu Scottorum Pictorumque populis uenerabile mansit v 9 (p 191 16 S). W F Skene Celtic Scotland II (Edinb 1877) church and culture.

5

4 INISBOVFINDE Inishbofin an island and parish in the barony IO of Murrisk, off the west coast of Mayo. Ussher ant 499 (end) cites the Ulster annals 667 (=668) nauigatio Columbani [i e Colmani] episcopi cum reliquiis sanctorum [e g of Aedan p 77 1 26] ad insulam Vaccae albae, in qua fundauit ecclesiam and ann 675 (=676 8 Aug) Columbani episcopi insulae Vaccae albae pausa, ie his death. ib 539 from 15 the uita Geraldi Saxonis ad Magunensem ecclesiam ipse cum suis deuenit. ibi quoque sanctissimus uir usque in finem uitae moram trahens in amore dei et proximi permansit.

15 MAGEO Mayo, called 'of the Saxons' from these monkish settlers. For the letter-change cf v 2 (p 183 35 S) gæ, quod est lingua Anglorum uerbum adfirmandi et consentiendi, id est 'etiam' (our 'yea'). 'Elge' Ely p 127 1 30 (Hussey). cf 'gestern' yesterday; ‘Gäscht' yeast; also "go," "gone" beyond. St Gerald, an Englishman, erected this 25 monastery into an episcopal see and became the first bp. In 1559 the see of Mayo was permanently united to that of Tuam (Cotton's fasti IV 49 50; the register of bps is very imperfect).

25 MELIORA INSTITVTA the Roman Easter and tonsure AD 715

(p) 26 1 6) or (p 170 l 27 and V 22 pr) AD 716.

28 CONTINENTIA P 98 1 16 n. PROPRIO LABORE P 57 1 4 n.

IN

V

N the year 670 AD king Oswy fell ill and died at the age of fifty- 35 eight. Had he recovered from his illness he had resolved to go to Rome and end his life there, and had asked Wilfrid to be his companion. He was succeeded by his son Ecgfrid, in the third year of

5]

SYNOD OF HERTFORD.

309

whose reign archbishop Theodore convened a synod at Herutford. The bishops present were Bisi of the East Angles, Wilfrid of Northumbria by deputy, Putta of Rochester, Leutherius of the West Saxons and Vynfrid of Mercia. These with the archbishop agreed upon ten canons 5 as most necessary to be carried out in the English church. These related to Easter, to the independence of bishops, sanctity of monastic property, the fixed residence of monks in their own monastery, letters of commendation for clerics travelling about, bishops not to perform sacerdotal offices out of their own dioceses without permission, synods to IO be called regularly, order of precedence among bishops, the increase of the episcopate, lastly marriages and divorce. These articles were discussed and subscribed by all, and any infringement of them shall bring upon the offender an exclusion from every sacerdotal office.

In the year of this synod 673 A D Ecgberct king of Kent died, and 15 his brother Hlothere succeeded him. The bishop Bisi above mentioned was successor of bishop Boniface, and during his life in consequence of his incapacity through illness two bishops Aecci and Baduuini were consecrated in his place and from that time the bishopric of the East Angles has been divided between two bishops.

20

P 101 3 BRITTANIAM VENIT 27 May 669 p 92 1 2 n. OSVIV see his character in Alcuin sanct Ebor 565–576.

7 ROMAM VENIRE p 138 1 12 n. V 7. Several of our early kings made this pilgrimage, some taking the tonsure: thus Caedualla king of Wessex (p 170 1 10). Aedilred (675 −704) and Coenred (704-709) 25 kings of Mercia (p 170 1 19 and 22. v 19. Will Malmesb I § 98. II §§ 77 78). Offa king of Essex (v 19. Will Malmesb I § 98). Eadberct king of Northumbria p 175 1 15. Ine king of Wessex 725 (MHB 254° and index). Offa king of Mercia about 790 (Matt Par p 29 Watts). Siric king of Essex 797 (MHB 340). Aetheluulf king of Wessex 855 (Will 30 Malmesb I § 109). Burrhed king of Mercia 874 (MHB 355). Cnut 1031 (MHB 429). Lingard 1 104 105. Others became monks in England : Sigberct king of East Anglia (111 18). Sebbi king of Essex IV II. Ceoluulf king of Northumberland (p 174 1 24). So Carloman, son of Charles Martel, became a monk of Monte Cassino in 747 (Will Malm I § 68 p 99). 35 cf MHB ind Roma p 954. Fuller cent VIII § 12 'about this time [718] it grew fashionable with kings and queens in England to renounce the world and turn monks and nuns, commonly in convents of their own foundation. Surely it is not only lawfull, but commendable for men to leave the world, before it leaveth them, by being crucified thereunto, and

310

KINGS TURNED MONKS.

[IV

using it as if they used it not. But let others dispute, whether this properly be renouncing the world, for Christians to bury their parts and persons in a cloister, which, put forth to the bank, would turn to good account for church and common-wealth. David (I dare say) as holy a man as any of these, lived a king and died a king: the swaying of his 5 sceptre did not hinder the tuning of his harp; his dignity being no impediment to his devotion. And whilest these kings turning monks, pretended to go out of the world, a world of spirituall pride and superstition went into them, if (as it is too too suspicious) they had an high opinion to merit heaven thereby.'

P 101 9 DVCEM as Alchfrid intended to journey to Rome with Benedict Biscóp h a 2; and Eanfleda actually performed the pilgrimage under Benedict's escort Eddius 3.

ΙΟ

IO DIE XV KAL MART 15 Febr 670 p 169 127: as Beda reckons this the second year from Theodore's coming, and makes his successor 15 Ecgfrid (p 1491 15) die in the 15th year of his reign 20 May 685, he plainly begins the year at Christmas and (Pagi 670 2) 'numerat annos Iulianos eosque utrimque incompletos.'

12 TERTIO 673 24 Sept (1 22) p 169 1 28. cf p 104 1 12. p 150 1 17-19. THEODORVS COGIT So the council of Hatfield c 17 was 20 summoned by Theodore A D 680.

14 MAGISTRIS sufficiently defined here as clergy learned in the decisions of councils, and attached to the 'canonical' or Roman use cf P 79 1 17. Smith app XVII.

23 INDICTIONE PRIMA see DCA 'indiction.' MHB introd 25 P 117. By the usual calculation the second indiction began 1 Sept 673, but Beda makes the very day of this council (24 Sept) the end of one indiction and the beginning of another (de temporum rat 48 end XC 496¢ Migne) incipiunt autem indictiones ab viii Kalendas Octobres ibidemque terminantur. So Pagi 672 4 defends Beda from Baronius (and Wharton) 30 who assign this council to 672.

HERVTFORD Hertford.

24 APOSTOLICA SEDE C 1. p 104 1 12.

26 BISI bp of Dunwich 669-673 Flor Vigorn 673.

28 VILFRID bp York 669-678; restored 686-692; bp Lei- 35 cester 692-705; bp Hexham 705-709 (Stubbs registr sacr p 3).

30 PVTTA bp Rochester 669; of Hereford 676, died 688 (Stubbs ibid. Flor Vig 676. 688).

31 LEVTHERIVS Hlothere, nephew of bp Æthelbyhrt, con