346

ABBESS AEBBE.

[IV

Conciliengesch III 574). Druthmar expos in Matt xi (Migne CVI 1310) si uero in monasterium abire uoluerint, neuter alium potest dimittere, nisi ambo uoluerint, et neuter habebit socium, quandiu ambo uiuunt. ib c 62 (1413o) qui saeculum gestiunt relinquere, debent exspectare ut et coniuges earum se queant 5 continere, quia non debet unus in monasterium abire et alius foris parem sortiri. Pope Zacharias in Jaffé's Bonif ep 43 p 118 end (1 Apr 743) blames some quia post susceptum sacerdotium se abstinere nolunt ab una uxore. Boniface to Aethilbald king of the Mercians (ep 59 P 170) si hoc causa castitatis et abstinentiae facere uoluisti, ut ab Io uxoris coniunctione pro timore et amore dei abstinuisses, et hoc uerum et impletum pro deo comprobaueris et in hoc gaudemus ; quia non est reprehensibile sed magis laudabile. For the legend respecting Edward the confessor and Eadgyth see Freeman's Norman conquest II append B end. Pagi 655 9 and 10 Kineburga or 15 Cyniburga. Baronius 665 13 Wandregisil and his wife.

25 VIX INPETRAVIT Sebbi had like difficulty with his wife

p127.

99

20

26 AEBBÆ dau of Ethelfrid, sister of Oswi and Oswald, urged Etheldreda to take the veil (Tho Elien uita Etheldr 10). She died 25 Aug 683 (Pagi 683 17). Beda uita Cuthb 10 when Cuthbert was at Melrose and his fame was spread abroad, erat sanctimonialis femina et mater ancillarum Christi, nomine Aebbe, regens monasterium 25 quod situm est in loco quem Coludi Urbem nominant, religione pariter et nobilitate cunctis honorabilis, namque erat soror uterina regis Osuiu. At her request Cuthbert spent some days in her monastery preaching and giving an example of holy living. Eddius 38 king Ecgfrid and his wife in a pompous progress quodam tempore ad coe- 30 nobium, quod Colodesburg dicitur, peruenerunt, cui praesidebat sanctissima materfamilias, nomine Aebbe, soror Oswini [sic] regis sapientissima. On a sudden the queen was possessed by a demon, and at the point of death. Aebbe explained that the possession was sent as a judgement; if Wilfrid were restored to liberty, and the relics 35 which he bore slung from his neck were restored to him, the queen would recover. And so it fell out. Ebchester on the Derwent, where she first settled, and St Abb's Head are named from her (cf martyrol Angl 25 Aug. AA SS Aug v 194).

19]

TO GO WOOLWARD.

347

P 127 27 COLVDI VRBEM Coldingham in Berwickshire c 25. See correspondence, inventories, account rolls and law proceedings of the priory of Coldingham Surtees Soc no 12 1841.

28 VELAMINE SANCTIMONIALIS HABITVS A PRAEFATO AN5 TISTITE VILFRIDO p 137 1 5. Pope Zacharias 1 May 748 (Bonif ep 68 p 197 Jaffé) oportet ut, si ... sanctimonialis femina ...ibi constituitur praeesse, ut ab episcopo ciuitatis consecretur... abbatissa. 30 Apr 871 (ib 333) Liutbert abp of Maintz to Adrian II feminas ipsas... Constantiensis episcopus sua manu ad proIo positum uirginitatis consecrauit et ipse eis uelamina benedixit; et eo prasente regularem uitam professae sunt.

P 128 3 NVMQVAM LINEIS SED SOLVM LANEIS VESTIMENTIS uita Cuthb 16 (end) Cuthbert always wore common clothes; hence at Lindis15 farne after his example obseruatur, nequis uarii aut pretiosi coloris habeat indumentum, sed ea maxime uestium specie sint contenti, quam naturalis ouium lana ministrat. Ferreoli regula 558 c 31 (Migne LXVI 970). Pope Zacharias in Migne LXXXIX 932bc (a singularly audacious interpretation) monachi... lanea indumenta iuxta nor20 mam et regulam monasticae disciplinae atque traditionem sanctorum probabilium patrum sine intermissione utantur... apostolis quippe diuinum datum est mandatum duas tunicas non habendi; tunicas dixit Christus, utique laneas non lineas. conc Tribur 859 c 56 (Harduin VI 1 455) by way of penance no linen except about the hips'. Bp Fisher's 25 English works (1876) 1 181 'truly it was a more glorious sight to se saynt Poule whiche gate his lyuynge by his owne grete labour in hungre, thurst, watchynge, in colde, goynge wolward and beryng about the gospell and law of cryst bothe vpon the see and on the londe, than to beholde now tharchebysshoppes and bysshoppes in theyr apparayle 30 be it neuer so ryche'. Love's labour lost v 2 'I have no shirt: I go woolward for penance'. Nares glossary 'woolward'. Burton's anatomy of melancholy pt III s 4 m I subs 2 (ed 1676 396 col 1) 'now when they are truly possessed with blind zeal and nusled with superstitition, he hath many other baits to inveagle and infatuate them farther yet, to 35 make them quite mortified and mad, and that under colour of perfection, to merit by penance, going wolward, whipping, alms, fastings'. ibid subs 3 (p 407 col 1) 'what mulct, what penance soever is enjoyned, they dare not but do it, tumble with St Francis in the mire amongst hogs, if they be appointed, go woolward, whip themselves, build hospi

348

RARE USE OF BATHS.

[IV tals, abbies etc. go to the East or West Indies, kill a king, or run upon a sword point: they perform all, without any muttering or hesitation, believe all'. Lingard 1 211-213. Soames AS church 284 -5. Maria of Agreda († 1658) authoress of the 'spiritual city of God', famous for her visions, by wearing a cilicium of rough wool covered 5 her body with sores (Zöckler Gesch d Askese Fr a M 1863 p 87, where is more on hair shirts, such as Wolsey More lady Margaret wore, and iron belts, such as we find in Bonif ep p 60 end, Jaffé). So in the life of St Bridget prefixed to the "Myroure of oure Ladye” (EETS) p lii, 'she never used any lynen cloth, though it were in time of sycknes, but IO oonly upon hir hed, and next hir skyn she weer ever rough and sharpe wolen cloth.' For other examples of the expression to go woolward the reader may see Christ's own Complaint 1 502 (EETS vol 15) 'to faste and goo wolle warde', also the same words are found in Hampole's Prick of Conscience 1 3514. Palsgrave defines it 'Wolwarde without 15 any lynen next one's body. Sans chemyse.' The expression is found in Pierce the Ploughman's Crede 1 788, 'werchen and wolward gon', but the explanation of the last syllable is, I think, to be referred to the word wear, and not as Mr Skeat suggests, with the wool towards the skin, an explanation which would only suit with a clothing made of the 20 fleece as it came from the sheep's back. Ward is wered the part of werian to wear, and woolward means "woolclad," just as in Beowulf 606 sweglwered means "clad in brightness." scirwered and ealdawered may be cited as other examples of this participle in composition. It has fared with woolward, when it became a solitary instance of this 25 compound, as it did with rightwise under similar circumstances. The love for uniform orthography made this latter word into righteous, and woolwered into woolward to conform to the shape of forward and such like words. The use of go is the same as in the expressions "to go bare, naked, cold &c." We can find no evidence that sheepskins with 30 wool on were ever worn in England or elsewhere for penance.

P 128 4 RARO IN CALIDIS BALNEIS a common penance (Judith 10 3. 2 Sam 12 20. 14 2. 19 24). Hier ep 14 ad Heliodor 10 scabra sine balneis attrahitur cutis? sed qui in Christo semel lotus est, non illi necesse est iterum lauare. ibid 107 ad Laetam 11 mihi omnino in 35 adulta uirgine lauacra displicent, quae se ipsam debet erubescere et nudam uidere non posse...si appetitis sordibus turpare festinat naturalem pulchritudinem, cur e contrario balnearum fomentis sopitos ignes suscitat? ibid 125 ad Rusticum 7 tu uero si monachus esse

19]

TREATMENT OF GUESTS.

....

349

uis non uideri, . sordidae uestes candidae mentis indicia sint. balnearum fomenta non quaerat, qui calorem corporis ieiuniorum cupit frigore extinguere. ibid 108 ad Eustochium 15 (in commendation of Paulla) balneas nisi periclitans non adiit. Zöckler 5 Gesch d Askese (Fr a M 1863 p 91) 'the utmost practicable restriction of the usus lauacrorum seu balneorum as of a luxury specially requisite only for the sick, is required also by the rules for nuns given by Augustine c 12, Caesarius c 29, Leander c 10'. Baronius 608 6 St Theodore blames those who bathe after receiving the communion. Cuthbert IO only washed his feet once in several months, sometimes only once in the year uita Cuthb 18 § 32 he had so withdrawn his thoughts from concern for the body ut semel calceatus tibracis, quas pelliceas habere solebat, sic menses perduraret integros. aliquando etiam calceatus in pascha non nisi post annum, redeunte paschae tempore, propter 15 lauationem pedum, quae in cena domini fieri solet, se discalceare dicatur.

20

25

128 4 PRAETER=praeterquam or nisi.

5 SOLLEMNIIS MAIORIBVS ep ad Ecgb 9 even the more religious laity only communicate at Christmas, Epiphany, Easter.

78 LOTIS PRIVS CETERIS FAMVLIS CHRISTI Sharon Turner AS III7 50. 103. uita Cuthb 7 Cuthbert finds in the guest chamber of Ripon monastery an angel quendam sedentem iuuenem, quem hominem aestimans solito mox humanitatis more suscepit. nam lauandis manibus aquam dedit, pedes ipse abluit, fouendos humiliter manibus suo in sinu composuit. ibid 18 § 32 when he first became a solitary, when visited by the brethren, he left his cell and ministered to them. quorum dum pedes aqua calida deuotus lauaret, coactus est aliquoties ab eis etiam se discalceare suosque pedes illis ad abluendum praebere. ibid 29 on a visitation of his diocese he came 30 to a count's mansion, who received him hospitably. lotis more hospitalitatis manibus ac pedibus. Aldhelm (in Bonif ep 1 p 28 Jaffé) complains of the inhospitality of the Britons: nec manibus lomentum aut latex cum manutergio exhibetur neque pedibus ad lauacrum peluis adponitur, cum saluator sindone praecinctus discipulorum pedes abluens normam nobis tradiderit imitandi dicens: 'sicut ego feci uobis, ita et uos facite aliis'. ibid ep 61 end p 180 Boniface sends to abp Ecgberct uillosam unam ad tergendos pedes, cum laueris, seruorum dei. ibid ep 80 p 223 (end) pope Zacharias to Boniface 4 Nov 754 nam et hoc inquisiuit fraternitas

35

350

WOODEN COFFINS.

[IV

tua: si liceat sanctimoniales feminas, quemadmodum uiri, sibi inuicem pedes abluere tam in cena domini quamque in aliis diebus. hoc dominicum praeceptum est, quod qui per fidem impleuerit, habebit ex eo laudem.

The monks of Fulda entreat Charles the Great (Migne CV 420° n 14) quod peregrinorum susceptio et lauatio in eis pedum 5 non neglegatur, sed secundum regulam et secundum priorum nostrorum consuetudinem, quandocumque uenerint, misericorditer suscipiantur et ab omnibus fratribus lauatio pedum eis exhibeatur. conc Tolet XVII 694 c 3 (Bruns I 386).

P 128 II MATVTINAE SYNAXEOS p 106 1 12 n. Greg dial III 22 10 (II 330d) facto autem mane expletisque laudibus dei.

14 MORITVRA she died AD 679 chron Sax. PRAEDIXERIT c 29 n.

17 POST ANNOS SEPTEM therefore she became abbess 672, and

took the veil at Coldingham (p 127 1 27—29) in 671.

19 IVXTA ORDINEM so of St Columba's burial (Adamn uit c 15 24) illis exequiarum diebus more peractis ecclesiastico, after which follows at some length an account of the order observed.

LIGNEO Stevenson 'this burial in a wooden coffin was a deviation from the usual custom, which gave the preference to stone [Beda c 11 end.] Mabillon AA SS OB 1 341 § 25. 11 146 § 23. 567 § 12.' 20 21 SEXBVRG P 33 1 24 n. AA SS Iul 11 346. monast Angl 1 88 (Stevenson). Pagi 664 12.

n.

TRANSFERRI on translations see Lingard II 51. Rock church of our 25

FRATRIBVS on double monasteries see p 106 14 n. p 1291 17.

26 IN HOC for this purpose, as a tomb for Aedilthryda.

27 ELGE this orthography compared with the present writing

of the word Ely affords an interesting instance of the softening of the g, 30 as it occurs in such words as go, gone, and the derived adverb yonder.

31 in the recent alterations of the church at Grantchester it was found that a great part of the stonework of the wall which was taken 35 down on the south side was composed of fragments of stone coffins of a very early date. This could only be discovered when the stones were dislodged but then it was very evident.

P 129 4 INCORRVPTVM p 29 1 27 n. p 35 1 12 n. p 132 113. Eddius