M Tu and W before Holy Th were called gang-days; 'beating the 5 bounds' is the remnant of the custom of carrying relics in procession on these 'rogation' days Rock church of our fathers III 222. 359 360 (where he cites Aelfric I 247 Thorpe 'we also in these days should offer up our prayers and follow our relics out and in '). 473—482 ('Beda died a little after undern-time or tierce-song hour, on the last gang-day, 10 while the brethren of his minster were walking about their fields, as the wont of that tide was, with saints' relics').

26 PIPERVM ORARIA ET INCENSA Mabillon (AA SS OSB III in Migne XC 27 28) collects from the letters of Boniface and elsewhere examples of such presents: eg Bonif ep 41 (Jaffé) Lull and others to 15 the abbess Cuneburga, whose prayers they request: parua quoque munusculorum transmissio scedulam istam comitantur; quae sunt tria, id est turis et piperis et cinnamomi permodica xenia, sed omni mentis affectione destinata. ib ep 75 Lull to the abbess Eadburga: parua munuscula tuae uenerandae dilectioni transmisi, id est unum graphium 20 argenteum et storacis et cinnamomi partem aliquam. ib 60 Boniface to the presbyter Herefrith partem timiamatis et sabanum pro benedictione et signo purae caritatis tibi direximus. ib 53 Gemmulus the Roman deacon to Boniface (where he acknowledges the receipt of a silver cup and of a 'syndon') ad uicem caritatis cum magna 25 reuerentia direximus cinnamomum uncias IV, costum uncias IV, piper libras II, cozumbrem libram I. ib 54 same to same: transmisimus enim per praedictum uestrum presbyterum aliquantum cotzumbri; quod incensum domino offeratis temporibus matutinis et uespertinis, siue dum missarum celebratis sollemnia; miri odoris atque flagrantiae. ibid 30 110 Cineheard bp of Winchester to Lull: de nostro quoque uili uestitu parua exseniola direximus tuo cultui, quanquam indigna, tamen petimus accommoda; hoc est tunica lanea aliaque linea, sicut mos est apud nos habendi; caligas et peripcemata, orarium et coculam et gunnam breuem nostro more consutam ad indicium plenissimae dilectionis nostrae. 35 Fortunatus epigr lib XI returns thanks for gifts of fruit, vegetables, eggs, milk. Pope Boniface v sent to queen Aedilberga a silver mirror and an ivory comb gilt (Beda he II II end).

ΙΟ

15

20

25

om C2.

de eo quod quia C1 C2 C7.

4-5 si...ex nihilo ut reuertar ad eum qui me fecit qui creavit qui me ex nihilo C1 C2 C7.

6 multum tempus] multo tempore C1.

7-9 tempus...uidere iam tempus resolutionis [solutionis C2;] meae instat quia cupio dissolui et esse cum Christo C1 C2 C7.

9 utilitatis...nostram om C1 C2 C7.

IO ultimum om C1 C2 C7.

12 magister...descripta Adhuc una sententia magister dilecte non est descripta C1 C2 C7.

12-14 at ille...scribe Et ille scribit inquit cito C At inquit scribe cito C2.

13-14 et...est om C7.

13-15 modo...dixisti Modo sententia descripta est. At ille inquit Bene ueritatem dixisti, consummatum est C2.

13-16 modo....me Modo sententia descripta est et opus consummatum. Et ille Bene, ait, dixisti, consummatum est. Iam nunc caput meum manibus paulisper sustentans erige, multum quippe......C1. 14 bene om C7.

18 decantans decumbens atque post orationem decantans C1. 19-20. et...spiritum Et cum spiritum sanctum uocauit suum 30 e corpore exalauit ultimum C2 C7.

35

cum spiritum sanctum nominasset suum e corpore exhalans spiritum C1.

20-23 atque...portaretur Ac sic regna migrauit ad celestia C2 C7 ad regna emisit celestia C1.

23 audiere uel om C1.

23-24 obitum...nostri beati patris obitum C C2 C7.

24 alium ullum alium C2 C7.

25 suam sic C7 om C1.

26 dicebant testabantur C1.

[TESTI

ad gloriam dei cecinit cecinit spiritualia C2 C7 in dei laudem cecinit C1.

28 et expansis manibus expansisque in altum manibus C1.

29 scire...possunt scito autem frater karissime quod multa [de eo add. C1 C2] possum narrare C1 C2 C7.

31-33 attamen...presbyteri om C2 C7.

Vale. Explicit epistola de transitu uenerabilis Bede presbiteri

et Giruensis monachi C1.

P 179 I MAXIME AVTEM IN VERBO QVOD DIXERAT QVIA cet acts

12 VNA sententia added from C7, as necessary to the sense.
13 MODO 'now'.

99 23 ANGELIS P 34 1 14 n. p 1831 16.

33 BEDANI the way in which this word has come into the text as the name of Beda is perhaps as follows. In the original from which this copy was made there occurred the Saxon genitive Bedan (see p 180 1 2) and the scribe not knowing what to make of it gave it a Latin termination and inflexion.

5

ΙΟ

15

20

25

P 183 11 DISCENDI STVDIVM p 1711 15. p 184 1,14.

P 1827 HOLOSERICAM AD RELIQVIAS P 159 1 1.

P 185 CVTHBERTVM p 176–179.

7 IV FERIA ID EST VIII KAL IVN Wedn 25 May 735 cf p 176

30

35

25 ALTER ORBIS so the abp of Canterbury was called alterius

orbis papa.

P 186 7 RESVLTARENT 'differed from,' 'were opposed to' the doctrine of the church.

MONIA]

P 186 24 ALIQVA=ulla.

COLLATIONS.

P 188 3 CVI a disyllable, as in Mart and Iuuen.

409

P 1899 LXII should be 63, for Bede was 59 in 731. Many additions might be made to the medieval notices of Beda e g Roger de Wendover 5 1 220—223 ed Coxe: Beda, uir uenerabilis et mente semper caelestis, caeli palatia conscendit; qui diuina uirtute praeditus sua et aliorum uitia compescens dignus est ut in aeterna memoria habeatur ... • promeruit ut ab uniuersali ecclesia doctor Anglorum et pater uenerabilis merito et nomine

ΙΟ

censeatur.

P 191 TO FLORES SANCTORVM Hierome Porter the flowers of the lives of the most renowned saincts of the three kingdoms (Doway 1632 4to) 523-534, who gives an engraving of Beda preaching.

23 NOT ONE SINGLE MIRACLE yet see p 184 1 28 29.

EXCURSUS I

LITERATURE OF EARLY BRITISH AND
IRISH CHURCH HISTORY

IT

T is still true, as in Warburton's time, that our only church historians are 'the jester Fuller and Collier the nonjuror.' The 'annals' of 5 Alford, following the method of Baronius, are now of little intrinsic value; Ussher's antiquitates on the other hand may still be consulted with profit. Soames is a polemic, far less instructive than his Romish rivals: The history and antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon church by John Lingard, London 1858 2 vols; The church of our fathers, as seen in 10 St Osmund's rite for the cathedral of Salisbury, with dissertations on the belief and ritual in England before and after the coming of the Normans, by Daniel Rock, London 1849-1853 vols in 5 parts. See now especially W Bright 'chapters of early English church history Oxford 1878.' A few pages in Kemble's Saxons in England contain the most 15 trustworthy account extant; something too may be gleaned from Freeman's Norman conquest. Much valuable material still lurks in manuscript in the libraries of London, Rome, Oxford, Cambridge, Lambeth, York, Durham, and many others, public and private (some of which the 'historical mss commission' is for the first time bringing to light). 20 A few important mss (including the collections of Wharton, Hutton, Kennett) and printed books are registered in the preface to 'registrum sacrum Anglicanum by W Stubbs, Oxford 1858.'

BIBLIOGRAPHY Cave, Fabricius-Mansi, Brunet, Grässe. TD Hardy 'descriptive catalogue of materials relating to the history of Great Bri- 25 tain and Ireland' (in the Rolls' series of chronicles and memorials). Aug Potthast bibliotheca hist med aeui Berlin 1862 and suppl 1868. Ri Sims manual for the genealogist, topographer, antiquary, London 1856 pp 416-427. O'Curry lectures on the manuscript materials of ancient Irish history Dublin 1861. Preface to 'monumenta hist Brit.' 30