of Joe Smith's can influence a community not wholly composed of fools or miscreants. David Starr is Joe Smith, as his disciples chose to present him; and Rhoda, with her faith in her husband, her regard for his practical wellbeing, and her objection to his polygamous doctrines, answers aptly enough to Emma Hale. Further effort might, probably, fit other characters in the book to the first supporters of the founder of the Mormons. A work so nebulous and so destitute of commanding interest can scarcely hope for popularity. A few readers will be caught by the statuesque grace and sincerity of the workmanship, but the book is scarcely one to support a reputation such even as the author of "The Masque of the Gods' already possesses.

MR. TROLLOPE'S minuteness of observation stands him in good stead in his Australian story. Though its plot is simple, and its incidents far from numerous, the public will be pleased to accompany its old favourite on a new field, and not indisposed to profit by his descriptive powers in learning something of the perils and pleasures of a "squatter's" life in the bush. The whole subject of the present novelette is an incident common enough in those thinly-peopled districts, which are still in the nominal ownership of the sheep-breeders of Queensland. Harry Heathcote, a generous and manly but rather despotic and highhanded young settler, has made enemies of some disreputable neighbours and unruly servants; and is subjected to their vengeance in the dreaded shape of incendiarism. His grass is constantly fired in the dry season, to the imminent peril not only of stock and buildings, but of house and home, of his own life and the lives of the helpless inmates of his station. His battle with this terrible enemy is vividly described, and a farther interest is given to the tale by the results of the contest on his relations with his neighbours. The colonial schism between "squatters" and "free selectors" is illustrated, and when Medlicot conquers Harry's aversion and obtains the hand of his sister-in-law, he wins a triumph over the politician as well as the man. The story is too slight to add to the author's reputation; but it will not diminish it, and is, at any rate, a not unwelcome variety.

Mr. Francillon has, to our taste, greatly improved since we reviewed his Pearl and Emerald,' two years ago. With less conscious aiming at artistic effect, his characters are quite as clearly drawn as they then were, and his story is more reasonably evolved. The expedient of the disappearance of an heir to a title and great wealth, and his re-appearance long afterwards, when the title and wealth have passed to another, is not, of course, wholly new, though in the present story the interest is intensified by the first

introduction of the real Earl as a convict just liberated from "Weyport" gaol, and on his way to the town of Melmouth (why not Portland and Weymouth at once?), and by his subsequently living unknown in the house of his nephew, the de facto Earl. This young gentleman, having some philanthropy, and more love of singularity, has taken up the ex-convict, in whom he has discovered considerable artistic talent, at a moment when the latter, having sought other work in vain, has earned half-a-crown by painting the sign of a village inn, and has made the real Earl's fortune by introducing him and himself buying his pictures. Meantime, another story is going on, which our limits do not permit us to give at any length, but which has for its central figure Olympia Westwood, the heroine of the story. This young lady appears on the scene at six or seven years old, after a career in the more out-of-the-way parts of the New World, in the course of which she has had strange experiences, and acquired from one Danny, her early protector (who also makes himself useful later in the story), a rich and juicy brogue. Thus, on her first appearance, she addresses a prim and proper aunt

in this fashion : "And I've seed a man lynched, Aunt Carh'line, will you? And I've seed a bull-fight, too, and th' wild Ingins a fightin' with them boughs-and-arrows, and Gin'ral Harris in us red coatee, and a big snake what rhattled his tail-'twere pison, Danny towld I—and a mountain all afire, and a bayver, and a ghrisly bar, and Jem Collins and I had a parh't o' me own wonst what could say, 'Damn,' and 'Kiss Polly,' and 'Go to hell wid ye, ye spahlpeen.' This promising young person in course of time grows up, being like Maggie Tulliver, the dark one, and therefore the wicked one, of the family. However, those outside the family find more to admire in her, and so does, indeed, one of the male members of it; and thereby hangs the tale. It is quite worth reading, though except a certain brown bear called Oscar, none of the characters, to our thinking, comes up to Olympia in her early days. So much of the interest of the book depends upon the plot, which, if a little overcomplicated (we hate genealogical puzzles), is really well-managed, that it would be fair neither to the author nor his readers were we to give a connected outline of the story. The only attempt at a careful study of character properly so called, is in the young Earl. In him we have the development of a type which is rather a favourite at present, and perhaps not without reason, with our more thoughtful novelists, namely, the good-natured, philanthropic man, whose goodness to his fellows arises from no real forgetfulness of self, but is rather an enlightened selfishness, which will not bear the strain of actual self

ever

sacrifice when that comes; and so the man first shirks the unpleasant duty, then seeks to avoid the consequence, and, finally, becomes a villain, who sticks neither at lying nor killing when he can do either within the limits of conventional morality. The other characters are equally natural, but more commonplace--at least, granted their surroundings, which, of course, must in a novel of this kind be other than we meet with every day. Mr. Francillon again displays a rather pretty trick of verse, if, as we suppose, he has

more eminent

followed the fashion of
writers in composing the headings to his own
chapters. We do not quite gather from the
lines at the end of the book, which he calls
Part III., and labels Atropos,' why Parts I
and II. are called 'Clotho' and 'Lachesis.'
The spinning of the threads of the story,
according to his own showing, had taken
place before its beginning; and though the
moral which he intends is good enough, namely,
that one thread of honour (as exemplified, we
presume, in Mr. John Westwood) will help to
clear the most tangled skein, we fail to see
why one Fate more than another is concerned
with each part of the story. However, Mr.
Francillon has given us a good one, and we
will not cavil at what he likes to call it.

'The Carbridges,' we learn from the Preface, is written for the glorification of commerce; and the story, though dealing with a somewhat commonplace and distinctively businesslike class of people, has nothing sordid or unchivalrous in its aim or teaching. In it we are introduced to a mercantile family, partly Huguenot in origin, whose members, extremely different in moral and mental calibre, are sub

jected to the trial first of prosperity, and next of an unexpected vicissitude of fortune. Though the writer confines herself to a narrow range of characters, there is distinctness in the por traiture of each. James Carbridge and his eldest son, Ken, are the chosen types of civic virtue, which the father illustrates by his manly pride in his calling, and his subjecting himself and his family to years of poverty for the discharge of a debt of honour, the redemption of a sum unconditionally given to him, but intended for a charitable purpose; and the son by resigning an inheritance which unexpectedly descends to him, in order to benefit a brother, who in the most heartless manner has supplanted him in the affections of a young lady to whom he was betrothed in more prosperous days. This brother, Sylvester, is a delicately finished illustration of the downright scampishness which an exclusive regard to self will produce under the pressure of circumstances. Besides Tiny Elder, the naughty but fascinating little lady who makes such mischief between the brothers, and whose character is refined by the lessons of adversity, the three daughters of the house are excellent studies. Of the three, the reader's preference, we think, will be given to the outspoken Kitty, who is at once robust and womanly, and sets an example to the young ladies of fiction in her disposition to top the part of a "jolly old maid." For the rest, there is nothing remarkable in the literary style of the book. It is the work of a tolerably informed writer of conventional views, whose only weakness seems to be a fashionable aversion to Dutch pictures and Protestant theology. It is, perhaps, questionable whether the application of a galvanic battery was not a profligately expensive mode of eliciting the very ordinary record which, in this case, was entrusted to "sympathetic ink." Though the experiences of the village surgeon are accurately and ably recorded, they are not very edifying or indeed very interesting. They consist mainly in his being recalled to the paths we will not say of virtue, but of common honesty, by his affection for a widow, whose husband he has the good fortune to attend. When Mr. Hartland, his unpleasant patient,

expires, the surgeon is on the point of having recourse to his favourite galvanic machine, in order, by prolonging the appearance of life for a time, to cheat the Government into granting his widow an additional quarter's pension. From this rascally act he is deterred by the intervention of the lady herself, who expresses so just an abhorrence of his conduct that we wonder that she is afterwards induced not only to condone his offence but to marry him. In other respects the doctor conducts himself with average propriety, and is perhaps not worse than the majority of country practitioners. In his kindness to the poor, and the friendly spirit which generally animates him, we rejoice to think that he is as little above his fellows as in the crucial trials of his life he falls below them. There is merit in the method of his story-telling.

SCHOOL BOOKS.

The Tempest. Edited by W. Aldis Wright, M.A. (Clarendon Press.)

MR. CLARK'S health has unhappily prevented his collaborating (if we may use the word; we have elaborating) with Mr. Aldis Wright, as heretofore, and his absence is discernible; but still this is a worthy addition to the four "select plays" already published. The notes teem with pertinent and valuable information. The Preface ably discusses the date of the play, the origin, and several details. It is a pity that in dealing with the date Dr. Elze's argument from 'Volpone' has not been taken into consideration. On the whole, we think Dr. Elze, who is for assigning 'The Tempest' to an earlier period in Shakspeare's life-not indeed to so early a period as Mr. Hunter, but to 1604—is wrong, and Malone, with whom Mr. Aldis Wright agrees, is right; but yet those words about stealing from Montagnie' ('The Fox,' III. ii.) are deserving of notice. Also, we cannot but regret that Mr. Aldis Wright confines his work so entirely to what must be called the lower criticism of Shakspeare. It is certain that both teachers and pupils need something beyond this. The investigation of Shakspeare's art in the highest sense demands assistance. Surely no editor of what purports to be more than a purely textual and phraseological edition ought to neglect this side of Shakspearean study. One can imagine notes being rejected altogether there is no denying that the benefit they may do is not unmixed; but, if there are notes, why should the annotator carefully eschew the most difficult, as it is the highest subject that has to be explored? Is the characterization of the plays always such as he that runsand there is much running now-a-days-may read? Is the evolution of the plot always so obvious? In short, does nothing in Shakspeare ask for explanation but his words and phrases and allusions? We lament this deficiency in Mr. Aldis Wright's otherwise excellent work. We can only recommend those who use his edition-the teachers at least to supplement it.

-

Shakespeare's Tragedy of Richard the Third, with Explanatory, Grammatical, and Philological Notes, Critical Remarks, and Historical Extracts. By William Lawson. Collins's School and College Classics. (Collins, Sons & Co.) Or the philological and grammatical value of this edition, with its fine sounding title="Good wine needs no bush "-our readers may judge from such facts as these: Holp is "an obsolete form of help," whiles is " 'an obsolete form of while,”—current "free. The current coin is that which circulates freely," been remembered" had remembered the passive for the active form," &c. For the rest there are extracts that may be useful from "Hall and Holingshead"--we wonder what Mr. Lawson's notion is of their relationship,-from Dr. Johnson and Mr. Halliwell. Barring such blunders as we have pointed out, the edition may, perhaps, be of

service to persons in a very elementary state of culture.

Gray's Elegy, &c., Longfellow's Evangeline, and Campbell's Gertrude of Wyoming, Part I. With Notes for Teachers and Scholars. Parts I., II., and III., of Allman's English Classics for Elementary Schools. (Allman.)

THESE editions are really overdone with notes. The text is simply deluged. Moreover, for school use, it is a fatal mistake to print the notes on the same page with the text. In themselves, they are sensible and intelligent enough. We recommend them to teachers of a humble class, rather than to their scholars.

Test and Competitive Geography. Papers given for the Civil Service, Army, Navy, and Control Examinations, with Answers. By W. M. Lupton. (Longmans & Co.) ANOTHER work for facilitating the fitting of square pegs into round holes and contrariwise. We can but deplore the system that necessitates such cramming books as these, and pity the unfortunate that expects either to pass his test, or compete for an appointment, by the aid of this geographical treatise. As only fifteen pages are due to the author, he might have taken a little more pains to make his definitions clear and correct, and the et cetera, of which there is more than of the definitions, more practical. We can fancy the aspirant for the Civil Service, Army, Navy, &c., giving the exact answer to the definition of a Promontory here supplied! or stating that "gravel and stones are a component part of an iceberg, and of necessity that "they float high out of water," or that "the mass of ice under the surface is nearly ten times greater than that which is above the water," and it is no palliation to quote Prof. Ansted as the author of such a bungle. The definition of a Tidal river is equally erroneous. Parallels of Latitude, Mercator's Projection, Arctic Circle, and a dozen others, are not clearly given; whilst such purely local facts as the Solano, Puna, Etesian, Föhn winds, &c., are; and more space is devoted to volcanoes than to the rest of the world put together. For the follies of the fifty-six sets of geographical questions appended, Mr. Lupton is certainly not answerable. Not one in ten of the questions is practical, but they simply demand cram, cram, cram, to the thorough disgust of every lad that has to work up to the mark. Of these fifty-six sets of questions no fewer than fifty are devoted to the Civil Service, four to the Army, and one each to the Navy and Control,-fortunate Civil Service! still the questions are the best part of the book. The title says "with answers." We presume the student must purchase another book for the answers; they are certainly not with the questions.

The Elements of Greek Accidence. By Evelyn Abbott, M.A. (Rivingtons.) THIS is an excellent book. The compilers of elementary Greek Grammars have not before, so far as we are aware, made full use of the results obtained by the labours of philologists during the last twentyfive years. Mr. Abbott's great merit is that he has; and a comparison between his book and the 'Rudimenta' of the late Dr. Donaldson-a most excellent volume for the time at which it was

published-will show how considerable the advance has been; while a comparison with the works in ordinary use, which have never attained anything like the standard reached by Dr. Donaldson, will really surprise the teacher. Mechanical rules, farfetched explanations, and long lists of "exceptions," are replaced by a statement of facts, which is clear and simple, because based on the true laws of language.

Scenes from Euripides. Rugby Edition. Baccha. By A. Sidgwick. (Same publishers.) WE need merely mention the appearance of another volume of Mr. Sidgwick's admirable series. Like its predecessors, it is a model school book.

OUR LIBRARY TABLE.

MR. DAVID KER's new volume, The Boy-Slave in

Bokhara, published by Messrs. H. S. King & Co., is a short story of the life of a slave in Bokhara, written with the intention, as the author says, "of giving genuine information in a more attractive form than that of a mere dry statistical report." The object is laudable, but we have failed to find the information. Mr. Ker's book is, like his former one, quite readable, but might as well be an account of Central Africa as of Central Asia, for all the information it gives about the country. It is curious also that the author should be so careless about repeating certain catchwords; the "fat lumpy Sart," the "dumpling-faced Tartar," the man who is covered with flies like bread and butter with currants," are all old friends. The account of the fording of the Zarafshan is also taken almost word for word out of 'On the Road to Khiva.' All this might easily have been remedied, and detracts considerably from the pleasure of reading the book. General Romanovski will hardly thank Mr. Ke for his account of the battle of Irdjar. The cuts are very badly done, the Sarts being dressed in what is apparently Caucasian costume. We leave off with an uncomfortable feeling that the author might have done much better with a little more pains.

ALTHOUGH What would be the population of a good-sized town is constantly employed in whale fishing, we know not where to lay our hands on a popularly written work on the subject; and this, we suppose, must be attributed to the fact that a literary man connected with the process of capturing these monsters of the deep must indeed be a rara avis in mare. Messrs. Sampson Low & Co.'s reprint of a Transatlantic volume, Nimrod of the Sea; or, the American Whaleman, by Mr. W. M. Davis, would, in a great measure, have met the want but for real matter being mixed up with so many improbable and impossible yarns. Had the book been pruned and reduced to half the size, it would have been twice as valuable; as it is, we have to wade through a dozen pages of rubbish to reach half-a-dozen pages of common sense. Chapters V. and VI. contain a capital account of the whale and the mode of capturing it; and that the writer is a keen observer the following passage will show:"Sperm-whales have a means of communicating with each other at long distances-how long has never been determined; but certainly at distances as great as are commanded by the eye from the mast-head of a ship, or a radius of six or seven miles. The means are a mystery, but every whaleman has observed the fact, and has based his operations in the chase upon it. It has been suggested that, as water is so good a conductor of sound, it may be by sound; but the distances are too great for any sound which the whale is capable of making to penetrate, and it is observed that the telegraph is perfect as ever in high winds, when a thousand waves are breaking. Dart an iron into a bull whale, or gallie him by going on his eye, and almost simultaneously with his cutting flukes in the air, the whole school will show alarm by running and cutting their flukes, or by disappearing from the surface, and coming up miles to windward and running head out. If it be a cow that is struck, the bulls are arrested in flight, and are apt to gather about her, and offer chances for more than a single whale. Again, when a school of cows and calves are running frightened to windward, and a calf be struck, the whole school will "bring to,' and gather closely around the wounded young, sometimes so closely packed that the inclosed boat will not dare to use the lance; and they will thus remain as long as the calf is alive or the iron holds. But should the iron draw or the calf die, the whole school will instantly scatter. Whaling-captains have taken pains to observe from the mast-head, when a boat was going on to a whale to leeward, the effect on the schools miles to windward; and as soon as the eye could turn from one spot to the other, the alarm of the struck whale to leeward was communicated to those to

windward." We can afford to smile at the Yankee boast "that the 'jolly British sea-dogs,' the 'hearts of oak' had no hankering for the whalefight, and that Britannia could not rule that wave at least," but one might suppose from reading Mr. Davis's book that Dundee men or Peterhead men never struck ile in the whale, amongst the Arctic seas. The work is above being one for mere boys' amusement only, although it is evidently intended as such; but we are not sure we should care to place it in the hands of our boys, for although not objecting to the introduction of Scripture quotations generally, when properly applied, we must enter our protest against the following "Ben as he begins, says he is a rich farmer's son, and that he came to sea to wear out his old clothes. When he gets through with the job, he is going to play the role of the Prodigal Son, and go back to the old Vermont Farm, and say, 'Father, I have whaled,' which involves all of sinning (sic), and then eat fat veal all the rest of his days." This may be funny, but we fail to see the fun. The work is profusely illustrated. A few of the engravings are good, many indifferent, the rest bad, and nearly all exaggerations of what they are intended to represent for instance, "Struck on a breach," page 39-given the length of the boat as 28 feet, query the length of the whale.

To Mr. Bernard Quaritch we are indebted for a copy of his classified Catalogue of his stock. This large and handsome volume rises above the run of ordinary trade catalogues, and forms a really remarkable monument of the industry and perseverance of a private individual. It would do credit to any public body, for not only is its range extensive, but, so far as we have been able to examine it, it appears to have been compiled with intelligence and accuracy. To lovers of books it should of much value. prove

WE bave on our table Popular Treatise on the Patent Laws, by John Brown (Spon),-The General Telegraph Code, by the Author of the 'Cotton Telegraph Code' (Hamilton & Adams),-Elements of Euclid adapted to Modern Methods in Geometry, by J. Bryce, M.A., LL.D., and D. Munn (Collins), -New Elements from Old Subjects, by J. Gaskell (Trübner),-The Building of a Brain, by E. H. Clarke, M.D. (Trübner),-International Correspondence by Means of Numbers (Marlborough),A Theory of Fine Art, by J. Torrey (Low),—Three Scottish Reformers, edited by the Rev. C. Rogers, LL.D. (English Reprint Society),-Man and Beast, Here and Hereafter, by the Rev. J. G. Wood, M.A., 2 vols. (Daldy & Isbister),-Past Days in India, by a late Customs' Officer (Chapman & Hall), Looking for the Dawn, by J. Burnley (Simpkin), The Schoolmaster's Trunk, by Mrs. A. M. Diaz (Trübner),-Cook's Handbook to Venice, (Cook), Cook's Handbook to Florence (Cook),The Wilds of London, by J. Greenwood (Chatto & Windus),-France Discrowned, and other Poems, by E. A. Blake (Chapman & Hall),-The Poetical Works of William Blake, edited by W. M. Rossetti (Bell),-English Border Ballads, by P. Burn (Bemrose),-Law and God, by W. Page-Roberts, M.A. (Smith & Elder),-and Nouveaux Principes Comparés de la Prononciation Anglaise, by Dr. I. M. Rabbinowicz (Paris, Dramard-Baudry).

LIST OF NEW BOOKS. Theology.

History.

Geography.

"NOW READY."

Liverpool, Oct. 28, 1874, ALLOW me to call your attention to the practice, now becoming so general, of advertising new books or new editions as ready," ," when they are not so. From such announcements purchasers apply to their booksellers, who, in addition to the needless trouble of fruitlessly sending orders, have the mortification of seeing their customers disap

Brereton's (J. L.) Higher Life, cr. 8vo. 3/6 cl.
Brock's Sunday Echoes, 5th Series, Epistles and Gospels, 5, cl.
Brown's (W.) Tabernacle, and its Priests, 3rd edit. 3/6 cl.
Candish's (J. S.) Gulielmi Amesii Theologiae Medulla (Liber pointed, or of feeling that they go away thinking

Primus), cr. 8vo. 8/ cl.

Downie's (Rev. T.) Believer on Pisgah, cr. 8vo. 5/ cl.
Elgie's (W. F.) Words at Communion Time. 12mo. 3/6 cl. lp.
Gray's (Rev. W.) God's Work, and How to Do It, 12mo. 3/6 cl.
Lewin's (T.) Life and Epistles of St. Paul, 2 vols. 4to. 42/ cl.
Neale's (Rev. J. M.) Sermons Preached in a Religious House,
2nd Series, 2 vols. 12mo. 10/ cl.

Newton's Safe Compass, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl.

Newton's Leaves from the Tree of Life, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl. Robson's (Rev. J.) Hinduism, and its Relation to Christianity, cr. 8vo. 7/6 cl.

Sunday School Exercises, edited by Bishop of St. Andrews, 5/ Upham's (T. C.) Principles of the Interior or Hidden Life, new edit. cr. 8vo. 3/6 cl.

Van Oosterzee's (J. J.) Image of Christ, 8vo. 12/ cl.

the bookseller is behind his business, or telling untruths. I can assure you from personal experience it is a most serious and annoying inconvenience. On the 24th inst. Messrs. Macmillan advertised in your columns "Spottiswoode's 'Polarization of Light,'" with the words "This Day." On same date in your List of New Books, under head Science," you announce "Lubbock on Wild Flowers," and "Lockyer's 'Primer of Astronomy.' For these, among others, I wrote, and on Messrs. Macmillan's invoice, dated 27th inst., they say "when out," which, of course, means not yet

out."

DR. CORSSEN ON ETRUSCAN. Vicarage, Twickenham Common. In your review of Dr. Corssen's work, 'On the Speech of the Etruscans,' you say nothing of the very formidable difficulties involved in the acceptance of his theory. To set forth all these difficulties would demand more space than I could possibly expect you to accord me. I will therefore refrain from criticizing his analysis of those inscriptions, as to the meaning of which there is no independent clue,-inscriptions which may mean almost anything, since there is no test which can be applied to check the validity of the results arrived at by the slippery processes of mere linguistic manipulation.

With regard to one class of inscriptions, however, Dr. Corssen's results can easily be tested, and in a manner intelligible to persons having no special knowledge of the Etruscan records. These test-inscriptions are those which record the age of the deceased person. They necessarily involve the Etruscan numerals, and the correct determi nation of the numerals determines the affinities of the language, that is, whether it be Aryan, Semitic, Turanian, or nondescript.

In the Etruscan tombs we find certain formulæ which are used to record the age of the deceased. The first formula (A) contains, first, the person's name; secondly, the word avils, which means, as Dr. Corssen admits, "aged," or annos natus; and, thirdly, a numeral. Thus Ceicnas Arnthal, avils xxix., denotes "Ceicnas Arnthal, aged 29.”

The second formula (B) consists of precisely the same elements as the formula (A), with the addition of the word lupu, which, as I have shown elsewhere, almost certainly means "died," mortuus est. Thus Arnt Thana, lupu avils xvii, means "Arnt Thana, died aged 17."

In these two formulæ (A) and (B), we find the age commonly expressed in figures, as in the examples which I have given. But, in some instances, the position usually occupied by figures is filled by words, either one or two in number. The presumption is, of course, very strong that these words, which so exactly replace the usual figures, must denote certain of the Etruscan numerals; and these exceptional inscriptions are, therefore, of the highest philological importance. I, therefore, give them all, only omitting, to save space, the name or names of the deceased, which invari ably precede the record of his age.

Instances of formula (A).

1. avils machs mealchls.
2. avils huths ce[a]lchls.

3. avils cis cealchls.

4. avils cis muvalchls.

5. avils sas.

6. avils tivrs sas.

Instances of formula (B).
7. avils cealchls lupu.
8. avils huths lu[pju.

9. avils huths muvalchls lupu.
10. avils thunesi muvalchls lupu.
11. avils machs semphalchls lupu.
12. lupu avils esals cezpalchals.
13. lupu avils machs zathrums.

14. avils ciemzathrums lupu. In these fourteen inscriptions, the words in usually found in the two formulæ, that it is imitalics so exactly replace the figures which are possible to resist the conclusion that they represent Etruscan numerals. Nor is this all; but "it is, the words mealchls, cealchls, muvalchls, semof course, clear," as Prof. Aufrecht puts it, that cades; while it is equally plain that the words phalchls, cezpalchals, and zathrums, represent demachs, huths, cis, sas, esals, and thunesi must denote digits. Now

upon thecelebrated dice of Toscanella, we find