the first instance in America." I do not think an English author does lose his rights here, if his book is first published in America (I mean the United States.) Will Mr. Mahony give your readers an example of such a sacrifice? Mr. Mahony also states that if an English author chooses to publish his book in the United States, he obtains, by a prior publication there, an American copyright. I do not think that an English author, by prior publication of his book in the United States, does obtain an American copyright, any more than he loses his English copyright. Will Mr. Mahony give your readers an example of an Englishman being in possession of any rights whatever in connexion with his literary works in the United States ? As, unfortunately, Mr. Mahony's suggestions are built upon the insecure foundations of mistaken facts, neither English nor United States authors will take anything by his motion. The truth is, that all sorts of dodges may be tried, but there is only one way out of the difficulty. To that complexion you must come at last. Whilst America denies Englishmen literary rights, England must deny Americans literary rights. By this assertion of our own self-respect and independence, you will have on the side of international justice all American and English writers, and all English publishers, versus only the Trading, Printing and Publishing Ring of New York and Boston. People's eyes are gradually opening to the facts of the case; and all the laboured ingenuity of the cute Americans, supplemented by the acquiescence of the slower Englishmen, will not long avail against the gross unfairness of the present state of things. I am sorry enough for Dr. Holland and Mr. Clemens (Mark Twain); but for every maimed American there are a hundred murdered Englishmen to count; and my sympathies are, very unnaturally, probably, for my own slaughtered countrymen. S. O. BEETON. Mr. M. F. Mahony, who, in his letter in last week's Athenæum on International Copyright, described publishers as "tradesmen who, under the sanction of the law, now pilfer with impunity and profit," "banditti and plunderers," is apparently one of those authors whose literary talents have not enabled him to acquire much experience of them, and whose leisure has not been employed in studying either good manners or the laws of copyright. The statement on which he founds his arguments that an English author, by prior publication in America, secures copyright in that country, is indeed astounding. The Americans have never, I believe, granted a copyright to an English author for such a reason. Indeed, I think I am right in stating that Americans will only grant a copyright in their country to an American subject, and that an Englishman, resident in America at the time of publication of his book there, would be unable to secure a copyright unless he became a naturalized American subject. Mr. Mahony's idea of legislation for English authors, who lose their copyright here by publishing, in the first instance, in America, will not benefit many of his literary brethren. Cases in which such a thing happens are very rare indeed. The only two of any note that I recollect are those of Mr. Boucicault, who lost his copyright here in 'The Colleen Bawn,' and Mr. Dickens, who lost his copyright in a little tale he published when in America, which was afterwards reprinted here by the late Mr. Hotten. The attention of your readers may be invited to Mr. Mahony's absurd scheme, but there need not, I imagine, be much Ciscussion to test either its practicability or its merits. E. R. THE UTRECHT PSALTER. Oxford, July 11, 1874. RESERVING, for a future occasion, such observations as I think it necessary to make in reply to the strictures of Sir T. Duffus Hardy upon my Report to the Trustees of the British Museum upon this remarkable manuscript, I think some of the readers of the Athenæum may be interested Now, in ancient Christian art, the human soul upon Further, a Carlovingian ivory, hitherto undescribed, exists in the Museum of the Antiquarian Society of Zurich, evidently by the same artist as the Charles le Chauve plaque, in which the Saviour, at the door of a building, extends his hand to a figure below, the hand of God descending from a cloud at the top of the piece. In the lower part of the plaque is a group of warriors, on horseback, carved with wonderful spirit, one especially, riding up perpendicularly, being excellently treated. At the top, to the right, are a child standing, with a male and female. The figures are thin and exaggerated in their extremities. Now, on turning over the leaves of the Utrecht Psalter, I find this ivory is also exactly like one of its illustrations (upon fol. 15A), namely, that of the 27th Psalm (Eng. Vers., 26th Lat. Vers.), especially of verses 3 and 12; the latter referring to the male and female figures standing at the top on the right side. I make no comment on these Carlovingian ivories being so evidently identical with the Utrecht Psalter drawings. J. O. WESTWOOD. MISS AGNES STRICKLAND. "I BEG leave," said Lady Morgan, "to enter a protest against dates! What on earth has a woman to do with dates?" The late Agnes Strickland was somewhat of the same opinion. She was born "about" such and such a time, and that was as much as courteous curiosity was sent away with. We believe that the "about" may now be interpreted the beginning of this century, and that this exemplary, industrious lady was just as old as the century itself. Thus much for matter-of-fact persons. Otherwise, of what importance is it? A woman is just as old as she looks. Agnes Strickland no doubt was pleased to look young; for the portrait of herself, prefixed to the edition of her 'Queens,' when the authoress had been known in literature for many years, is the portrait of a fair, lady-like, and rather strong-minded woman. Agnes Strickland's strength of mind developed itself early, with her literary tastes, and, indeed, her literary practices. Like most of us, she began with an idea of being especially poetic; and her first attempt, made in conjunction with her sister, when Agnes was not yet in her teens, combined poetry with history. It was a rhymed Chronicle of the Red Rose; and it excited the grave displeasure of her father. The squire of Roydon Hall, Suffolk, could not taste poetry, as Queen Charlotte used to phrase it. But Agnes Strickland could, and, after a while, she again united history with poetry, and boldly stood forth as an epic poet, and her theme was of the Stuart period. Her poem was entitled 'Worcester; or, the Cavalier,' and it was in four cantos. Campbell's foolish praise of it has not given it life, and among the things wrapped in decent oblivion must be reckoned this respectable though short-lived' Worcester,' and not only 'Worcester,' but Demetrius,' a tale, and other works most creditable to the industry of the sisters from whose pens they have proceeded. Industry, untiring, untired, hard industry, was the great merit of these ladies; and it bore its fruit, at last, to an extent which, perhaps, surprised themselves. The Lives of the Queens of England,' a work which bears the name of Agnes Strickland alone, had a temporary success which now seems little short of ridiculous. It possessed, indeed, the merit of novelty. There was something fresh to be told about royal ladies, many of whom had hitherto been but pageant Queens in history. The work, however, has serious defects. It has too much of the millinery of history, inseparable, perhaps, from its subject, and the result is unsatisfactory. If Agnes Strickland's 'Queens' shall be soon as deservedly forgotten as her 'Worcester,' that will in no way prove that she was without high and honourable aspirations. She had a noble ambition, but she lacked the power to accomplish the object which she had in view. Yet she was a woman of high courage. We may all remember how, in a literary controversy with Lord Campbell, or rather in an onslaught upon him for stealing her thunder, she seemed to pummel him on his own judicial seat, and treat him with scant measure of restraint in either blows or words. It is said that she compared all those evil-doers who supplemented her history of Queens by records of other royal ladies who lived before her own chronicle began, or after the date of its conclusion, to barnacles hanging on to the old noble ship. Such rude persons were accounted intruders on her domain, trespassers in her preserves, and breakers-down of the sacred fence round her own more sacred enclosure. That her prejudices were strong cannot be denied. Her defence of Mary Stuart in the series of Scottish Queens, marred where it was intended to heal; and her 'Lives of the Bachelor Kings of England' made one smile at the attempt of a refined woman to write the details of the life of such a naughty bachelor as Rufus. The last serious work which Agnes Strickland wrote was an account of 'The Seven Bishops,' which cannot be said to have been successful. It is not too much to say that for one of her books which is remembered three or four have passed out of human memory. All honour to her, nevertheless. THE NEW ASSYRIAN COLLECTION. ONE of the fragments of terra-cotta tablets in the new Assyrian collection is a portion of an account of a controversy between the two rival kingdoms of Assyria and Babylonia. Although it does not immediately join any other part of the Museum collection, it connects two or three other portions of tablets which evidently belong to the same subject. Taken together, these fragments give us an account of one of the obscurer portions of Assyrian history, but I am as yet unable to ascertain with any certainty the time of the events or the age of the documents. The first part of this series is a fragment printed in 'Cun. Insc.,' vol. iii., p. 4, No. 5. It consists of a letter, or message, sent by Vul-zakir-uzur, King of Babylon, to Assur-narara and Nabu-da....., Kings of Assyria, who appear to have reigned together. I conjecture that this document belongs to the eleventh century B.C. The second fragment is much longer; it is at present unpublished. It is difficult to understand, from the unusual forms of some of the words, and the mutilation of the document, which often leaves it uncertain, which of the parties in the controversy is speaking. The events narrated appear to refer to some period earlier than B.C. 1500, and are as follows: There ruled in Assyria a prince named Assur-zakir-esir, and he was expelled from the country by a revolution, and fled into Babylonia, accompanied by an officer named Ninip-tugul-assuri, and they took refuge at the court of a Babylonian king, named Harbi-sihu. The son of Harbi-sihu afterwards asserted that Ninip-tugul-assuri murdered his lord, Assur-zakir-esir, and then Harbi-sihu made an agreement with him, and, advancing into Assyria, placed Ninip-tugul-assuri on the throne. The friendship between the two kings did not long continue, for Ninip-tugul-assuri, according to another document, sent his forces against Harbi-sihu, and defeated the Babylonians. The new fragment of the document refers in one place to the misfortune of Bel-zakir-[uzur], in whose time happened one of the most terrible invasions of Babylonia. Some of the details of this event are given in the fragment printed in 'Cun. Insc.,' vol. iii., p. 38, No. 2. Some years back I published in the Athenæum an account of a curious inscription, relating that 1635 years before the time of Assurbani-pal, King of Assyria (that is, B.C. 2280), Babylonia was conquered by an Elamite king named Kudur-nanhundi, who carried away an image of the goddess Nana from the city of Erech, and set it up in Shushan, where it remained 1635 years, until Assur-bani-pal took Shushan, and restored it to its place. From the various notices found since, we gather that a king of Elam invaded Babylonia, and was expelled by the Babylonian monarch, the names of both princes being lost. The successor of this Elamite was Kudur-nanhundi, who is said to have exceeded all his fathers in wickedness. He invaded Babylonia in the time of the king Bel-zakir-uzur, and swept away the people of Akkad like a flood. Destruction followed him While in the East, I obtained a copy of a curious Mr. Jesse's histories were, for the most part, fragmentary," too; or rather, they were to grave, philosophical history, much the same that coloured "characters" on a toy theatre are to the real drama. He had the merit of dressing and spangling them well; he moved them over his stage anything but awkwardly, and he spoke for them in a clever, off-hand manner. But he could seldom move more than one figure at a time: grouping was beyond him. Each of his historical characters goes through the whole of his part independently, and, having done, makes way for a successor. In this fashion, however, Mr. Jesse has told the story of England, from the time of Richard the Third to that of George the Third inclusive. Within those periods he has, in his own way, illustrated the history of the nation in that of individuals, under the Stuarts, the Protectorate, great Nassau, and the House of Hanover. Of these, by far the best piece of workmanship is his history of the life and reign of George the Third. It raised him above the level of a drawer of characters, and ranked him among historians, not among the "great" writers of history, but in an honourable position next to them. The difference in character between the last-named work and Mr. Jesse's 'Lives of the Pretenders and their Adherents,' shows how an old writer may emancipate himself from habit, and develope qualities of a higher kind. In the Memoirs of George Selwyn and his Contemporaries,' Mr. Jesse illustrated much of the social history of George the Third's reign. Finally, to an honoured name he added honour. After fifty-nine years of life, and more than forty of literary work, combined, at one time, with the performance of duties in the Civil Service, John Heneage Jesse has gone to his rest, owing nothing to any one in that world which owed many an I have just discovered a second bilingual Pho-hour of pleasant instruction to HIM. MR. JOHN HENEAGE JESSE. ANOTHER of the army of workers has vanished from the scene. For years the name of Jesse has been a pleasant name to English readers. The class known as "general readers" has had no greater favourite. The "general reader" loves his ease, and Mr. Heneage Jesse never disturbed it. The "general reader" does not care for literature which demands close attention, or which affords matter for reflection. Mr. Jesse catered for the "general reader's" amusement, and was eminently successful. He was the harlequin of patchwork historians, and was here, there, and everywhere. Vivacity he seems to have considered as the first merit of an historian, and he was, undoubtedly, vivacious. Yet he started in literature under very opposite conditions. In his sixteenth year he commenced his career as a poet by a solemn poem on Mary, Queen of Scots. The young author's first step in literary life was inscribed to Walter Scott, and soon after he took for his theme 'Tales of the Dead'; these latter poems were dedicated, by permission, to Queen Adelaide. In this respect Mr. Jesse was not unlike those mercurial comedians who fancy they can play Hamlet much better than Launcelot Gobbo, and who occasionally kick off the sock, and challenge applause in the buskin. So Mr. Jesse, long after he had been accepted as a sort of light historian, returned to his early love, and hoped to tempt the world to take him for a poet. He set Richard the Third in a dramatic form, not at all like Shakspeare's; and he not only compiled his readable historical memoirs of London, and wrote volumes on the metropolis and its celebrities, and others on its remarkable localities, but he swept the lyre somewhat ambitiously on the same subject, and left for the admiration of posterity 'London,' a fragmentary poem. It dealt with the whereabouts of great men in London, and was dedicated to Samuel Rogers. THE CAMBRIDGE PARAGRAPH BIBLE. Gerrans Rectory, July 4, 1874. IN the Athenæum of June 20, you inserted a summary of some strictures made by a Correspondent on certain passages of my Introduction to the Cambridge Paragraph Bible. I am sure you will permit me to reply briefly in my own defence. I should be truly sorry to speak "slightingly" of the Biblical labours of so diligent a student as Mr. Francis Fry, from whose researches I have learned much, though I have been unable to accept all the inferences which he has drawn from them. I do not know what higher praise I could have bestowed upon him than that which your Correspondent quotes from my Introduction; it is not the less sincere because it is not indiscriminate. I was not previously aware that Mr. Fry believes himself to have been the first to point out that there were two separate issues of the Bible of 1611. In an anonymous article on the 'Present State of the Text of our Authorized English Bible,' printed in the Christian Remembrancer for October 1866, but prepared a good while before, I had announced and proved the same fact. In that paper I speak of Mr. Fry's work as advertised, but not yet published. Although it bears the date of 1865, I did not see it before 1867. Thus the discovery, which is, after all, a very easy and obvious one, must have been made by both of us about the same time. Your Correspondent says that Mr. Fry "came to a conclusion bibliographically as to which of the two issues had the priority"; adding, that "such conclusion is much more likely to be right than any that Dr. Scrivener might arrive at." Why should that be, if Mr. Fry has deliberately excluded from his consideration a mass of internal evidence which no competent person can weigh without feeling certain that his conclusion is wrong? Even in regard to Mr. Fry's bibliographical reasoning, I hope I have demonstrated (Introduction, pp. xi-xiii) that much of it is quite precarious, and some portions directly adverse to his case. On the last point I am glad to observe that your reviewer of my work agrees with me (Athenæum, Nov. 22, 1873). It is not so hard as your Correspondent imagines to tell what I mean, when I lack in Mr. Fry's writings "a little more scholar-like precision." Scholars are not wont to cite an edition or copy of any rare or important work without noting exactly where it is to be found. This Mr. Fry has not done, save in a very few instances, and has thus put it out of the power of others to verify his statements. Your Correspondent urges, "What use would it have been to have done so-to say that he had borrowed one here and one there, and that he had as many as fifty in his own house?" One might just as fairly ask, what use is accuracy in any matter, seeing that the rule of thumb will often do nearly as well? Your Correspondent scarcely denies that Mr. Fry's lithograph reproduction of Boel's copperplate title-page "gives but a poor idea of its refined beauty," yet he censures me for saying so, although the remark was pertinent to my argument. As to my use of the admirable Oxford reprint of 1833, it was convenient to consult it while working here in the country, but every proofsheet was duly compared with the original Bibles in the British Museum. I had the five Museum copies of 1611 open before me when I compiled Appendix B, on whose contents my controversy with Mr. Fry mainly depends. I thank your Correspondent for his information that Mr. Lenox, of New York, has one copy of the Bible of 1631 or 1632 which omits the word "not" in the seventh commandment, and that there is another in the British Museum, although, after the example of Mr. Fry, he deems it unnecessary to mention the class-mark of the latter. I believe that I have now touched upon every part of your Correspondent's criticism, and, thanking you for your liberal indulgence, I remain, &c., F. H. SCRIVENER. 'ETRUSCAN RESEARCHES.' Trieste, July 11, 1874. MR. ISAAC TAYLOR, in the Athenæum of June 6, 1874, is kind enough to invert my words, and to lecture me upon the right reading of Etruscan inscriptions. In the Athenæum of May 30, 1874, I referred him to page 104 of his own book, in which the legend is written from left to right as well as from right to left. He gratefully declares "one would think that Capt. Burton had never seen an Etruscan inscription.' Concerning Mr. Taylor's views of Etruscan temples and palaces, allow me to collate the two following passages out of his 'Researches ': "There are reasons to believe that there were temples in some of the Etruscan cities." "There is not a vestige left Their constructive powers and Allow me to congratulate Mr. Taylor upon fighting more sturdily for his errors and hallucinations than most men do for the right cause. RICHARD F. BURTON. ***This controversy must now close. world for his vast and varied erudition, possessed Dr. Thirlwall is eminent in no common degree which had grown out of the Oxford movement. But it is because they, not he, had changed ground. They had abandoned their original position; they had become as a party less learned and more noisy; and, unfortunately, instead of the secessions to Rome, which, at least, showed conviction and honesty of purpose, there was now the deliberate and frequent avowal that it was possible to hold all Romish doctrine by men who ministered within the pale of the Reformed Church. Such an avowal naturally excited his indignation. Yet even in the Charge delivered in 1869, while dissecting with merciless logic and grave irony the statement respecting the Eucharist made in a memorial presented to the late Archbishop, he, nevertheless, abstains from general and sweeping condemnation of the views he is opposing. Even then he can repeat what he had said twelve years before, that to sustain a charge of unsound doctrine involving penal consequences, nothing ought to suffice but the most direct unequivocal statements, asserting that which the Church denies, or denying that which she asserts." Such language was due neither to latitudinarianism nor to lack of courage. When the occasion demanded, he spoke out very clearly, not afraid, if need be, to take the unpopular side, and to stand almost alone, at least so far as the bishops and clergy were concerned. So it was in his advocacy of the Conscience Clause, and in his strenuous opposition, both in Convocation and in his writings, to the use of the Athanasian Creed in the service of the Church. So it was in his speeches in the House of Lords on the admission of Jews to Parliament, and on the dis-establishment of the Irish Church. He never committed himself to a party-he rarely took a side; but when he did, it was with a right of conviction and a fearlessness which could not be mistaken. But there is another side of Dr. Thirlwall's history. He is known to the world at large by his great literary attainments and his wise and impartial judgment. Few comparatively are aware of the munificent liberality by means of which, in a very poor diocese, parsonages were built and livings augmented, and every good work encouraged. Still fewer know of the warm sympathy, the generous support, ever bestowed where he felt it was deserved. Those who did not know him have called him cold and severe, but it was because they did not know him. Certainly he was severe when meanness, duplicity, and falsehood crossed his path to these he showed no mercy; but the beaming smile with which he met his friends or watched a group of children at play, the genial words addressed to a National School gathered round a Christmas tree, the kindly interest expressed in all that went on around him, however apparently trivial, can never be forgotten by those who have witnessed them, and are traits of a character which is as beautiful in its simplicity as it is great in its masculine power and splendid attainments. Bishop Thirlwall carries with him into his retirement the affectionate esteem of those who have loved and revered him, the regret of those who have been wont to look to him for guidance, and with these the memory of a life devoted, in no common degree, to the highest interests of his age, of which he has been one of the master-spirits, as well as of the Church, of which he has been so distinguished an ornament. J. J. STEWART PEROWNE. His first Charge, delivered in 1842, when the Tractarian movement was at its height, is marked by the same calmness, the same judicial moderation, which distinguishes all his utterances. He refused to regard the conflict then agitating the Church as a subject of unmixed regret the evil, he thought, was more than counterbalanced by the good. The of a single Etruscan palace, mass of publications which the movement had called forth he considered as, "on the whole, a precious addition to our theological literature"; but he valued still more than the cultivation of theological learning "the warm earnestness, the piety bent upon high practical ends," which he discerned in many of the leading spirits of the time. Even on points where he differs from them he holds the balance with impartial hand. Nothing can be fairer than the spirit in which he discusses what were then the most prominent points in the controversy, such as the relative value of Scripture and tradition, or the interpretation of the eleventh Article of the Church of England. He is careful to point out that Dr. Newman's theory of Justification, for instance, though denounced as contrary to that Article, does not differ materially from that of Bishop Bull. More than once in this, his first Charge, he throws the ample shield of his learning, and his great-hearted tolerance, and his calm wisdom, over those who, he felt, were misrepresented and misunderstood, and that, too, at a time when nearly every bishop on the bench had assumed a different attitude. And yet this is the man who very recently was denounced by an angry book 'Supernatural Religion,' which we lately assailant as having joined in the outcry which had "hounded" Dr. Newman out of the Church. No charge was ever more entirely without foundation, or more recklessly made. BISHOP THIRLWALL. BISHOP THIRLWALL has resigned the See of St. David's, and his successor has been appointed. The first marks an epoch in the history of the English Church. It is not too much to say that a more distinguished prelate never adorned the bench. For upwards of thirty years he has been Bishop of St. David's, and his episcopacy has extended accordingly over one of the most critical periods of the history of the Church. During the whole of that time he, beyond all other churchmen, has spoken the words of wisdom and uttered the counsels of healing moderation, which were supremely needed in an age marked, no doubt, by much reality and much earnestness of thought; but also no less certainly, and perhaps almost as a necessary consequence, by much fiery partisanship and hasty assertion. It was an incalculable boon to the Church that she should have among her prelates one who, known throughout the civilized It is true that in his later Charges he takes up a position more decidedly antagonistic to that party Literary Gossip. NEXT week, possibly, we shall publish a revised plan of the Temple of Diana at Ephesus by Mr. Wood. DR. MUIR is said to be the author of the reviewed. THE first volume of the new issue of the Encyclopædia Britannica' is ready for the press, and may be expected to appear in the course of a few months. More than half the matter contained in the volume is new, the rapid progress of science since the publication of the last edition having made extensive changes and additions necessary. In making these changes, Prof. Baynes has secured the co-operation of some most eminent writers in the various branches of science and art, criticism, and philosophy. In the natural history department, Prof. Huxley contributes two articles, Actinozoa and Amphibia, the latter embodying the results of considerable original research. Prof. Huxley also re-distributes the whole subject under the general heading Animal Kingdom. Amongst other writers in this department, are Mr. A. R. Wallace, who writes the article Acclimatisation; Mr. St. George Mivart, who writes the article Apes; Dr. W. C. M'Intosh, who writes Annelida; and the Rev. O. P. Cambridge, who contributes Arachnida. Anatomy is re-written by Prof. Turner, of Edinburgh, while the comparatively new science of Anthropology is dealt with, in its various aspects, by Dr. E. B. Tylor. Two important but hitherto unwritten chapters in the history of science are supplied by the articles Alchemy and Astrology, by M. Jules Andrieu. In the department of physical and mathematical science, Acoustics has been re-written by Prof. Thomson, of Aberdeen, and Algebra by Prof. Kelland, while other important subjects are being dealt with by Prof. Clerk Maxwell and Prof. Tait. Mr. J. F. Bateman writes the article Aqueduct, and Mr. Glaisher Aeronautics. The articles on Arboriculture and on botanical subjects generally are supplied by Dr. Cleghorn and Prof. Balfour. In the department of philosophy and art, Prof. Croom Robertson writes on Analogy and Analysis, and Mr. James Sully, whose psychological essays have just been published, contributes the article Esthetics. Prof. Sidney Colvin deals with Art in general and the Fine Arts in particular. Under Architecture, Prof. T. Hayter Lewis gives a sketch of its early history, and Mr. G. E. Street an exposition and history of Gothic architecture. In the department of Oriental history, antiquities, and geography, Dr. William W. Hunter deals with India, General Strachey with Asia in general, Col. H. Yule with special districts, while the article Arabia is wholly re-written by Mr. Gifford Palgrave. Assyrian and Egyptian history and antiquities are in the hands of Sir Henry Rawlinson, Mr. Sayce, and Dr. Birch, of the British Museum. The general article Archæology is re-written by Dr. Daniel Wilson, the author of the previous article on the subject, and a new article on Classical Archaeology is contributed by Mr. A. S. Murray, of the British Museum. In the department of Biblical criticism and ecclesiastical history, articles are contributed by Principal Tulloch, Dr. S. Davidson, Prof. Davidson, of the New College, Edinburgh, Dr. Donaldson, Prof. Crombie, Mr. T. K. Cheyne, Prof. Robertson Smith, of Aberdeen, and Dr. Lindsay, Professor of Church History at Glasgow. In the departments of literature and philology, Mr. J. Peile writes the article Alphabet, and Prof. Nichol, of Glasgow, an historical and critical review of American Literature. Naval and military subjects are dealt with in the articles Admiralty, by Mr. Rowsell; Army, by Col. Colley; and Artillery, by Lieut. Collen. Other articles of interest are Alps, by Mr. John Ball; Africa, by Mr. Keith Johnston; Adulteration, by Dr. Lethe| by; and Angling, by Mr. Francis Francis. IN our notice of the late Mr. J. Heneage Jesse we have mentioned his aspirations after poetic fame. We may add, that the verses commencing— | -Richmond! ev'n now Thy living landscape spreads beneath my feet Calm as the sleep of infancy, and ending, These are thy charms, fair Richmond, and thro' these placed on a board in Richmond Park, overlooking one of the most delightful views of the Thames, and the authorship of which has been a puzzle to many, were the composition of Mr. Jesse. They were written by him when only nineteen years of age, and are quoted, under the signature" Anon.," in his father's 'Gleanings signature "Anon.," in his father's 'Gleanings in Natural History. Third and Last Series.' WHILE speaking of Mr. Jesse, we may he mention that for the last twenty years never once slept out of London, and that every night (Sundays excepted) he was in the habit of appearing regularly at the Garrick Club, at half-past eleven o'clock, to engage in his favourite game, a rubber at whist, at which his favourite game, a rubber at whist, at which he remained until half-past two or three in the morning. MESSRS. CASSELL, PETTER & GALPIN have in contemplation to issue shortly a work dealing with the history of the Reformed Churches. The work will be entitled 'The History of Protestantism.' MR. HENRY HUTH has had printed, for private circulation, an interesting book, entitled Prefaces, Dedications, Epistles, selected from Early English Books, 1540-1701.' The books from which these extracts are made are, for the most part, exceedingly rare; such as The Comedy of Acolastus,' 1540; Lydgate's Troy-Book,' 1555; 'Beware the Cat,' 1584; Greene's Farewell to Folly,' 1591; Peacham's Minerva Britanna,' 1612; Philipot's 'Elegies,' 1641, &c. Altogether, there are between eighty and ninety volumes from which the prefaces or other preliminary matter are here printed. The editor is Mr. W. C. Hazlitt. It appears to us a pity that the work has not been made publici juris, instead of being confined to the small number of fifty copies. AN inedited manuscript, by the late Thomas Crofton Croker, entitled 'Sketches and Recollections of Cork during the Early Part of the Present Century,' is in the hands anecdotes and much legendary matter, and is of a Dublin publisher. It contains numerous accompanied by some pen-and-ink maps and sketches, besides a number of woodcuts intended to be incorporated as illustrations to the text. FROM a brief memoir, just issued, of the FROM a brief memoir, just issued, of the late Mr. John Gough Nichols, the Herald and Genealogist, we find that in his early boyhood he had for a schoolfellow the present Prime Both of these gentleMinister, Mr. Disraeli. men, who have become so distinguished in different walks of literature, in 1811 went to to a school at Islington kept by a Miss Roper. We regret to hear that Mr. F. A. Paley, the eminent scholar, does not intend to reside at Cambridge after this term. Mr. Paley will be much missed at the University, and we wonder no college has followed the excellent example set by Peterhouse, when it elected Mr. Shilleto to a Fellowship, and given the learned editor of Eschylus a place on its Foundation. HAVING recovered a little from the effects of Leicester Square's novel magnificence, some people are beginning to recollect the picturesque old thorn-trees that used to stand round the enclosure, and had managed to live through all its vicissitudes of fortune, clothing themselves with vernal green, and even, now and again, with bunches of blossoms. But, alas! what neither soot, nor cats, nor street boys had been able to kill, the ruthless hand of "Improvement" swept away. One would have supposed that these thorns might have been used as an interesting feature in the embellishment. Speaking of this locality, we may note as curious that the house in St. Martin's Street, in which Sir Isaac Newton resided during the last fourteen years of his life, bears no commemorative medallion or other mark of honour. It is the large house next to Orange Street Independent Chapel, and the first floor is used as a school-room in connexion with the chapel. Newton did not die here, but at Kensington (March 20, 1726-7), whither he had removed for change of air. Ar the meeting of the Institut Égyptien, at Alexandria, on the 14th of June, MarietteBey gave an account of the results of a recent and important discovery made by him at Thebes. In carrying out some surveying operations for the Khédive, a pylon was dug out from a mass of ancient ruins, on which were found engraved an Egyptian list South and North. Of these the South has four of 628 names of localities, arranged under divisions: 1, Kousch, or Ethiopia; 2, Pount, or the tract of land hitherto believed to be the modern Yemen, but now identified by M. Mariette-Bey with the region lying between Bab-el-Mandeb and Cape Guardafiu, the "Promontorium Aromatum" of the ancients; 3, Libya; 4, unknown places, perhaps situate on the Upper Nile or in Central Africa. Northern list, which, by reason of the antiquity of the evidence and the interesting The nature of the places it touches, is considered of more importance than the Southern, has two divisions: 1, Canaan; 2, Mesopotamia and parts of India. The learned discoverer demonstrated that the inscription is contemporary with the reign of Thotmes III, 260 years before Moses. MR. HENRY SOLLY will publish next month 'Gerald and his Friend the Doctor, a Record of Certain Young Men's Lives.' Lord Lyttelton is writing an Introduction to the book. THE death is announced of Herr Fritz He Reuter, the "Plattdeutsch" novelist. was born, in 1810, at Stavenhagen, in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and studied at the University of Jena, where he got mixed up in burschenschaft movements, and was condemned to thirty years' confinement in a fortress. In 1840, on the accession of Frederick William IV. of Prussia, he was at liberty. For some years he was in considerable difficulties, but after the publication of his ‘Läuschen un Rimels' he rapidly became an extremely popular writer. His Mecklenburg are excelJunkers, lawyers, clergy, peasants, &c., lent, and his most successful books have been set those in which he drew upon his own adventures or the experiences of those among whom he was brought up. The best of his tales are Ut de Franzosentid,' published in 1860, and which has been translated into English; 'Ut mine Festungstid' (1862), a description of the days of his confinement; and 'Ut mine Stromtid,' published in 1862-64. His poems and his later productions, Dörchläuchting,' an historical novel, depicting Mecklenburg-Strelitz in the time of the Seven Years' War, and 'De Reis' nach Konstantinopel,' were not so good. SCIENCE Eclipses Past and Future; with General Hints for Observing the Heavens. By the Rev. S. J. Johnson, M.A. (Parker & Co.) THIS is a small work, but by many astronomical amateurs it will be found both interesting and As it will probably be exceedingly useful. usually called "Eclipses," it is well to draw attention at once to the fact that the second half of the book contains a "cycle of celestial objects for a small telescope," something on the plan of Mr. Webb's excellent and wellknown work, 'Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes,' but, of course, much smaller in extent and giving fewer details. Indeed, Mr. Johnson informs us that his original intention was that the two parts should have formed two separate publications, but that subsequent thoughts led him to shorten and unite them. Perhaps we shall not be far wrong in conjecturing that the existence of the work just referred to had something to do with these second thoughts, Mr. Webb's scheme being so admirably executed in his own book. The former part of that now before us gives a sketch of the most salient points in the past history of eclipses, from the one of conjectural date for the nonprediction of which two Chinese mandarins are said to have been hanged, down to that which occurred in December, 1870, and of which valuable spectroscopic observations were made during the totality on the western shores of the Mediterranean. Under the head "Future Eclipses," the author concludes this part with the results of his calculations, by Hansen's Tables, of some of the circumstances of the most noteworthy eclipses which will take place during the next few hundred years. He remarks that, if his calculations be all accurate, there will be no solar eclipse total at London for the ensuing five centuries. On July 21, 2381, one will be total, indeed, in the more northern counties of England, and with this Mr. Johnston closes his investigations. As the world is now so taken up with transits of Venus, we may mention that a section is here given to them also, and attention again called to the last one calculated by authorized and incessantly-implied "peribunt We can commend the style in which this "THE EDINBURGH EDUCATIONAL ATLAS.' That The Edinburgh Educational Atlas' was GEOLOGICAL.-June 24.-J. Evans, Esq., President, in the chair.-Messrs. Clarence King, S. F. Emmons, and J. Garland, were elected Fellows.The following communications were read: 'New Carboniferous Polyzoa,' and 'On Palæocoryne and other Polyzoal Appendages,' by Prof. John Young and Mr. J. Young, The Steppes of Siberia,' by Mr. T. Belt,-On the Microscopic Structure and Composition of British Carboniferous Dolerites,' by Mr. S. Allport, Additional Remarks on Boulders, with a particular reference to a Group of very large and far-travelled Erratics in Llanarmon Parish, Denbighshire,' by Mr. D. Mackintosh, Note on the Bingera Diamond-Fields,' by Mr. A. Liversidge, Remarks on the Working of the Molar Teeth of the Diprotodon,' by Mr. G. Krefft, -'Description of Species of Chatetes from the Lower Silurian Rocks of North America,' by Prof. H. A. Nicholson,-'On the Composition and Structure of the Bony Palate of Ctenodus,' by Mr. L. C. Miall,-Notes on a Railway Section of the Lower Lias and Rhaetics between Stratford-onAvon and Fenny Compton, and on the Occurrence of the Rhætics near Kineton and the Insect-Beds near Knowle, in Warwickshire, and on the recent Discovery of the Rhætics near Leicester,' by the Rev. P. B. Brodie, The Resemblances of Ichthyosaurian Bones to the Bones of other Animals'; the Bones of other Animals'; 'On the Tibia of "The Resemblances of Plesiosaurian Bones with Megalornis, a large Struthious Bird from the London Clay'; 'On Cervical and Dorsal Vertebræ of Crocodilus Cantabrigiensis (Seeley), from the Cambridge Upper Greensand'; On the Base of a large Lacertian Skull from the Potton Sands'; ' A Section through the Devonian Strata of West Somerset'; and 'On the Pectoral Arch and Fore haven and Furness,' by Mr. J. D. Kendall,'Notes on the Physical Characters and Mineralogy of Newfoundland,' and 'Notes on the Sinaitic Peninsula and North-Western Arabia,' by Mr. J. Milne,--and 'Giants' Kettles at Christiania,' by MM. W. C. Brögger and H. H. Reusch. ENTOMOLOGICAL.-July 6.-Sir S. S. Saunders, President, in the chair.-Prof. Westwood exhibited specimens of Haltica aurata, which he had found to be very injurious to young rose leaves. Also, a portion of a walnut attacked by a lepidopterous larva, probably a Tortrix, but he was unable to name the species, as it produced only an Ichneumon. It was the first instance he had known of a walnut being attacked by an insect in this country. Mr. F. Moore stated that he had on one occasion reared Tortrix splendana (a species that usually feeds on acorns) from a walnut.-Prof. Westwood made some remarks on the Yucca Moth (Pronuba Yuccasella, Riley), of which some fifty specimens had been sent to him in the pupa state by Mr. Riley, but he had succeeded in rearing only three. He exhibited a drawing of a portion of the insect showing the extraordinary form of the palpi, which were especially adapted for collecting the pollen with which it impregnated the female flowers. He directed attention to a full description of the insect and its habits by Mr. Riley in the Sixth Annual Report of the Insects of Missouri.-Prof. Westwood also exhibited some bees which had been sent to him from Dublin, having been found attacking the hives of the honey-bees. They were smaller than the honeybees, and black, and he considered them to be only a degenerated variety of Apis mellifica. He suggested the probability of their being identical with the "black bees" mentioned by Huber.-Mr. Champion exhibited Amara alpina and other beetles from Aviemore, Inverness-shire -- The Secretary exhibited some specimens of a dipterous insect which had been found in the larva state in an old Turkey carpet. The larva was very long, slender, and serpentiform: it was white and shining, and had somewhat the appearance of a wire-worm, but much longer, and without feet. The name of the insect had not been ascertained. -Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of Argas pipistrelle, parasitic on a bat, and also some Acari from a small species of fly: both were from the Isle of Wight.-Mr. Boyd exhibited specimens of Thecla rubi, from St. Leonard's Forest, differing in certain points from the ordinary type.-Mr. Wormald exhibited a collection of butterflies sent from Japan by Mr. H. S. Pryer.-Mr. W. Cole exhibited some galls of a species of Cecidomyia, found in West Wickham Wood.-Mr. F. Smith exhibited some earthen cocoons found on wet mud at Weymouth by Mr. J. Brown. They proved to belong to a dipterous insect (Macharium maritimum), one of the Dolichopida.-Mr. S. Stevens exhibited specimens of Asopia nemoralis, from Abbot's Wood, Lewes, and other lepidopterous insects. Mr. Butler exhibited a copy of a very rare (if not unique) book, which had recently come into the possession of Mr. E. W. Janson, entitled 'Lee's Coloured Specimens to Illustrate the Natural History of Butterflies, London, 1806.' He could not find that it had been quoted in any synonymic catalogue, and it contained drawings and diagnoses of nineteen species of butterflies.The Rev. H. S. Gorham read 'Descriptions of Species of Endomycid Coleoptera not comprised in his Catalogue Endomycici recitati.' Also, some which he described a new species from Japan.— Dr. Sharp communicated a supplementary paper on some additional Coleoptera from Japan.Prof. Westwood communicated 'Descriptions of new Species of Cetoniidæ, principally from the collection of Mr. Higgins. The President announced that the library of the Society would remain for another year at No. 12, Bedford Row, and it was hoped that by the end of that time some more permanent and suitable accommodation would be obtained for it. Delambre for the year 2984. To this we may Limb of Ophthalmosaurus,' by Mr. H. G. Seeley, 'Remarks on the Genus Helota (Nitidulidæ),' of apply Mr. Johnson's trite remark concerning his own last eclipse,"We cannot conceive what will be the state of astronomical science at that distant date." 'The Glacial Phenomena of the Eden Valley and the Western Part of the Yorkshire Dale District, by Mr. J. G. Goodchild,—‘Geological Observations made on a Visit to the Chaderkul, Our author's work, which we, on the whole, Thian Shan Range, by Dr. F. Stoliczka,-Note heartily welcome, concludes with a paragraph upon a recent Discovery of Tin-Ore in Tasmania,' on three stars in Aries, which he contrives to by Mr. C. Gould, 'Note on the Occurrence of a convert into a defence of the so-called Athana- Labyrinthodont in the Yoredale Rocks of Wensleydale,' by Mr. L. C. Miall,-Geological Notes on sian Creed, apparently forgetting how many the Route traversed by the Yarkund Embassy, object to it as a Quicunque Vult, which it is from Shahidulla to Yarkund and Kashgar,' by Dr. much rather than a Credo, and dislike an un-F. Stoliczka,—The Hematite Deposits of White |