emotions of mankind, but all agreeing in isolating Smith at a London dinner-table." Miss Nicolls's sketch of her grandfather's life is a little meagre. His was not an eventful career, and, therefore, we could not expect an elaborate memoir; but we had hoped for more of his letters. He, however, hated letter writing, and his letters to Lord Broughton, his chief correspondent, are locked up till1900, with the rest of his Lordship's papers. Born at Weymouth, Peacock spent his early life at Chertsey, and as he left school at thirteen, and never went to the University, he owed most of his education to his own efforts. He devoted himself mainly to classical literature and art, and although "Greeky Peeky," as Taylor of Norwich called him, probably was not an exact scholar, yet, to quote again from Lord Houghton's pleasant Preface, "His command of the literature was complete. He drew no arbitrary distinction between writers to be used or set aside: he may have differed with Charles Fox in preferring the ninth Pythian of Pindar to the second Olympic, and he had, no doubt, his favourite graces of composition and turns of style; but he enjoyed as well the vivid pictures of Petronius, and Athenæus was to him a perpetual Banquet. He extended this sentiment to more disputable preferences of the ancient world he believed that the ear of the Greeks was susceptible of perceptions of intonation which the modern has lost, and that their music was as perfect as their sculpture : he thought their painting was all the better for the ignorance of perspective, which gave it all the clearness of an alto-relievo : and though twitted with the painful certainty of the connexion of the thyrsus with Grecian wine, he assumed it to be impossible that Alcæus, Anacreon, and Nonnus could have sung as they did under the inspiration of spirits-of-turpentine, and gladly inferred (from an epigram of Rhianus) that the rosin was an occasional infusion for medical purposes. In the same spirit he clung to the old religious ideas that haunted all early Roman history, and, indeed, went far into the Empire (for the philosophic Pliny was proud of being made an Augur), and thus he liked to read Livy, and did not like to read Niebuhr. If this strong proclivity towards the feelings and tastes of an antique world inspired him with some real sentiment and much humorous affectation of hatred of the vaunted progress and actual advantages of the age in which his lot was cast, the continual recurrence of his mind to the simpler and more graceful aspects of humanity may have served to protect his essentially critical nature from any saturnine or severe expression, and enabled him to mix with our selfsatisfied and malcontent society in the spirit of an elder time, before all the sherry was dry, and all the ale bitter, and when men of thought were not ashamed of being merry." He commenced his career as an author before he was twenty; but his first consider able work, The Genius of the Thames,' appeared in 1810. 'Headlong Hall' was published in 1816, and his literary career was an active one till 1819, when, like so many other able men, he accepted a clerkship in the Examiner's Office of the East India Company. In 1836 he succeeded James Mill as examiner, and in 1856 he retired, to be succeeded by John Stuart Mill. Indeed, his literary vigour continued to nearly the last. He contributed in his later years to Fraser, his Memoirs of Shelley, Shelley's Letters,' and 'Gryll Grange.' His life, however, can hardly have been a happy one. clouded by the ill health of his wife, and his and plausible turn, may account for the His best years were self-willed and inconstant, was of an ama troubled by money difficulties, as well as great landowners, such as the Marquis of W latter days were, we have reason to believe, long zeal of the Welsh in his cause. T saddened by the loss of his daughter. Out of cester at Raglan, had a multitude of reta two fisherman's-cottages, at Halliford, on the at their bidding. The populace, uneinca Thames, he had constructed a simple but pic and uninformed, were incapable of indepe turesque residence; and in his latter days he judgment, and were led or driven as th used, we believe, to be rowed down to Hampton masters thought fit. Just as knowledze Court, and condescend to take the hated rail-appreciation of public liberty made pro way to London. But after his retirement from in that proportion did a section of the W the India House, he seldom left his retreat. sympathize with their English fellow st "By the immortal gods, I will not move!" "By the immortal gods, I will not move!" in resenting the resolve of the King to was the old man's ejaculation when fire threat- and tax his subjects contrary to the w ened to drive him from his cottage. Even Parliament, or without a Parliament altoge in his youth he had never cared for general As in London and all England, so in Wa society, and he outlived all his contempo- the King's exaction of ship money in time raries. Almost the only friend he had left peace,-a thing not known before, and t was Lord Broughton, who, when seventy-six, nage and poundage unconstitutionally, a sent some verses to Peacock, beginning,— in some quarters opposition, in others suspi and uneasiness. : This neck, in spite of sundry cricks, Of Peacock's connexion with Shelley we shall speak in another article. The Civil War in Wales and the Marches. By J. R. Phillips. 2 vols. (Longmans & Co.) THE author of this work has been happy in the selection of ground hitherto comparatively unexplored, and deserves commendation for diligent toil among the voluminous records which still survive in our public archives. As the result of his explorations, it remains no longer doubtful that in the hot contest between Charles the First and the Parliament, the Principality played an earnest and decided, it might almost be said, a ruling, part. That the Welsh had strong royalist leanings has always been known in a general way. come down that this and that castle had been It had garrisoned for the King, that Cromwell had battered down this and that fortress. great value of the present work is that it The gives the consecutive facts, the dates, the deeds, the men, during the seven eventful years of the civil war in Wales, authenticating the statements by ample quotations from documents of the period. Why the Cambrians took such an interest in the Stuarts, and why their enthusiasm was in favour of a sovereign like Charles the First, 80 great still remains a mystery. It is true that Celts love kings and rank; that the Welsh have always, somewhat after a feudal fashion, been locally governed by their local magnates; and also that, in the seventeenth century, nobility, squirearchy, and clergy were, in the main, "Church and King" men. These considera tions, added to the fact that Charles, however Wales submitted to the King's exactine " much more tamely than England did. Andy there were complaints, pleadings of inabilit remonstrances, together with protestations loyalty. In the scheme of 1635 for rabi. 200,000l. ship-money, Wales was assessed 9,000l., of which South Wales was to supp 5,000l. This was paid without much gru bling. In 1636 an equal amount was calel for, and paid. But the trial of Hampden, condemnation to pay ship-money, and the decision by venal judges in favour of the legality of the tax, awakened even the Weld to insubordination. "From Cheshire and Flir: shire, from Shrewsbury and Haverfordwes complaints were sent up instead of cash. Eren Radnorshire, that county which boasted of its readiness to pay illegal exactions, was backward." But the excitement in Wales and the of things in England. The fire was not fed Marches was mild as compared with the state by newspaper intelligence. Mr. Phillips ha of the period "not a single sheet of printed discovered among the numerous publications matter in the Welsh language which in any way bore upon the disputes between King and Parliament. The clergy and gentry had therefore, all the greater influence, and which lowed. ever side they took, the populace blindly fal It is true that there were some poetasters in the Principality at the time, but the Sons of Song were retainers of the wealthy like aspect, Wales was drawn into the Soon after the dispute assumed a war the first whispers of the storm. He circle of operations. Our author has caugh has shown how the King's Commissioners Parliament's Commissioners for the Milit of Array were everywhere confronted by the and how the Parliament's cause in Wales and the Marches was urged on by Sir Wi liam Brereton, Sir John Corbet, Sir Thomas Myddelton, the Earl of Pembroke, and others In Monmouthshire, the Marquis of Worcester, and his son, Lord Herbert, at Raglan, conin Carmarthenshire did the Earl of Carbery stituted a tower of strength for the King. So in Pembrokeshire, Sir John Stepney; in Nort Wales, the Bulkeleys, the Salesburys, the Wynns, and the Mostyns. Soon after Chares had unfurled his banner at Nottingha (August, 1642), he made for the borders f Wales, and pitched his tent at Shrewsbury The reason was that in North Wales the royalists could count upon a large majority. of possessor to a master who at last turned | Paws and Claws; being True Stories of Clever It was at Chester, immediately after, that From this point forward Mr. Phillips's pages are concerned with detailing a long series of events in Wales and the borders, which, in the main, have not been embodied before in the history of England. We are taken in quick succession, without waste of words or digression to foreign subjects, from castle to castle, from battle to battle-generally ending in defeat to the royal army-from north to south and from south to north, from Wales to the Marches and back again into Wales, but the freshness of the information keeps our attention from flagging, and a sense of solidity and trustworthiness is given by constant references to authorities. As at the commencement, so in the mid part of the struggle, we find the King's eyes turning wistfully towards Wales, as, indeed, they did also to his Celtic subjects in Ireland and Scotland. In the whole course of the war no such devotion was shown to his cause as was shown by the Welsh of Monmouthshire, under the influence of the great lord of Raglan. The aged marquis, then considered the richest man in the kingdom, seemed to look upon his magnificent castle and wide domains as existing only for the behoof of his sovereign. He and his family being Roman Catholics, he may have been inspired by Charles's known tendencies to hope for greater favour to his coreligionists. He actually raised an army of not less than 2,000 Welshmen, horse and foot, entirely at his own cost, expending upon their equipment above 60,000l. It was a gigantic waste. Marching to the siege of Gloucester, they were taken prisoners almost to a mana disaster referred to bitterly by Clarendon :"This was the end of that mushroom army which grew up and perished so soon that the loss of it was scarce apprehended at Oxford, because the strength, or rather the number, was not understood. I have heard the Lord Herbert [son of the marquis and commander of the army] say that these preparations, and the others which by that defeat were rendered useless, had cost above six score thousand pounds." To the last, the Marquis of Worcester continued faithful to the King. Once and again did Raglan offer him refuge when in dire extremity. Here he rested after the disastrous day of Naseby. Here he spent some weeks waiting between hope and fear until the heavy news of the loss of Bristol reached him. The description of the siege and fall of Raglan Castle, and of the persistent fidelity of its The printing, executed at Carmarthen, does credit to the Welsh Press. Some few blemishes, verbal and typographical, in the first and second chapters, will doubtless be removed in a second edition. CHRISTMAS BOOKS. La Boulangère a des Écus. (Paris, Hetzel.) Par Viollet Le-Duc. Histoire d'une Forteresse. Dog Life: Narratives exhibiting Instinct, Intelli- Aunt Judy's Christmas Annual for 1874. Edited Captain Jack; or, Old Fort Duquesne: a Story of Lizzie Hepburn; or, Every Cloud has a Silver The Town Crier: a Christmas Book for Young Whispers from Fairy Land. By the Right Hon. Speaking Likenesses. By Christina Rossetti. With & Co.) With a Stout Heart. By Mrs. Sale Barker. Creatures, Tame and Wild. By the Authors of The Fantastic History of the Celebrated Pierrot. pretty. M. Viollet Le-Duc's 'Histoire d'une Forteresse' is a good book for a boy of fourteen, though a little bit "dry." It is also a pretty gift-book for grown people. It is a view of the art of fortification in all ages. Mr. Routledge's Annual is a gay, handsome looking volume on the outside, and well supplied with instruction and amusement within. There is a new tale about schoolboys, by the Rev. H. C. Adams; a tale, called 'The Field of Ice,' by Jules Verne; The and other papers besides worth reading. book will be a treasure to the boys fortunate enough to possess it; but the illustrations, though touched-up reproductions of coarsely-executed and plentiful, seem, most of them, to be merely much-worn French prints, which are spirited enough, but very black and blurred. No The anecdotes contained in the records of Dog Life are interesting, and we suppose they are all more or less authentic; but there is nothing dear dogs, even on the slightest evidence. good that we are not willing to believe about the one ever had a dog for an intimate friend who could not furnish some record of its sagacity and faithfulness. Whether there is "a happy land" where good dogs go when they die, is an open question, and we should each of us be inclined to give our own dog friends the benefit of the doubt, trations after Landseer" are rather delusive, for and to hope for the best. the prints are very poor indeed. The "sixteen illus Though Aunt Judy herself has passed away from us, she has left behind those in her own family who can carry on her magazine in a spirit worthy of her. This present Annual is not inferior to its predecessors, and those who have enjoyed its stories and articles in former years will find no diminution of its merits. The engraving of the memorial erected to her memory by the contribution of more than a thousand children, shows that the monument is not only touching as a remembrance, but is very graceful in itself. The slight sketch of Mrs. Gatty's life prefixed to this volume is interesting. Judy's name will live in the remembrance of more than one generation of her readers. Aunt 'Captain Jack' is a story of the struggle of the French and English for dominion in North America. It is full of adventure and hair-bread th escapes. There is too much love mixed up with the more stirring incidents, and most boy-readers would decide that less would have been better; but, perhaps, they will skip the love tale. This is the thirty-fourth appearance of 'Peter Parley's Annual.' The literary portion of the book consists of stories and adventures which will make it a safe investment for those who are perplexed what to give as a Christmas book to any of their young boy friends; but the illustrations" printed in oil" are extremely ugly, and are a drawback to the attractions of Peter Parley himself. Lady Barker has told this story with her wonted felicity. She seems to have got hold of a tradition which still lingers in the village of Stow, on the borders of Midlothian, of a fair young girl who, being faisely accused of robbing her master and mistress, was tried and condemned to transportation on the false witness of a fellow-servant, and who, being taken by pirates, was after some time rescued and brought to England, where her inno cence had, in the meanwhile, been brought to light. But her father and her lover had both been killed fighting for Charles Stuart in the rising of 1745, and she had neither kith nor kin left. She be came crazed, and led a wandering life, meeting with great compassion wherever she went, till she died at an advanced age. This tradition Lady Barker has dressed up till it is difficult to disentangle the romance from the reality. Told simply, the tale would have been touching; but as it stands, the story is feeble and confused. The Carved Cartoon' is a tale founded on the notices of that wonderful carver in wood, Grinling Gibbons, in Evelyn's Diary. The real incidents are woven into the narrative, but the story is a confused jumble, into which the author has introduced all the dangers and difficulties which he could pick up or imagine, for the sake of heightening the early struggles of the artist. It is fortunate they did not really befall the real personage, or he would hardly have lived through them. 6 'Lizzie Hepburn' is a tale of the Queechy and 'Wide Wide World' class, but much feebler, and without the charm of narrative that made those stories so popular. It is not a particularly good story, though the intention of it is good. The silver lining" to the cloud is very watery moonshine. Miss Montgomery has written two exceedingly pretty stories, which are quite adapted to interest young children and grown-up people too. They are well told, and the moral of them cannot be skipped as it grows as part of each story. Mr. Knatchbull-Huggessen dedicates his stories to the "mothers of England," but neither mothers nor children will take these for genuine fairy tales. There is a coarseness in the texture which tells of very work-a-day manufacture; and in the name of all the real fairies of the ancien régime we protest against the vulgarity made to pass muster as fairy language and magic words. The dwarf "Rindelgrover" desires the two lovely Princesses, Malvina and Pettina, to pronounce the word "Re-too-ri-lal-lural," which he declares will always force magicians and giants to break their evil spells; and when they need any extra power, they are to say "Fol-di-rol-liddle." Mr. Knatchbull-Huggessen's fairy tales are burlesque of a heavy kind, and his ironical allusions would only be in keeping with a pantomime. Miss Rossetti's are pretty, fanciful little stories, which would have been more original if Alice had never been to "Wonderland"; but the magic party of naughty boys and girls, at which little Flora finds herself an uncomfortable visitor, is well conceived, and the expedition of Maggie through the wood on Christmas-Eve, and all the wonders she saw, and the temptations she met with, make a delightful story. 'With a Stout Heart' is a novelette, the incidents of which have happened in novels over and over again. It is not a very good tale, nor particularly worth reading; but there is no harm in it, and it may serve its turn as a Christmas present. The anecdotes and the illustrations to the "clever creatures" in 'Paws and Claws' are both delightful. This is a book worthy of the drawingroom table, and much too beautiful to endure any hard usage. The anecdotes are told to children, but grown-up people will be quite as pleased to hear them also. Four incidents romantic and remarkable in French history are well told in 'Fleur-de-Lys,' and make an attractive volume. Young readers will find these true stories quite as interesting as a novel. The Fantastic History' is rather dreary, the fun is not genuine, and though there is plenty of exaggeration, there is no real humour: it is a caricature of the old romance, and is wearisome. The illustrations are clever, but the plates are much blurred. OUR LIBRARY TABLE. THE Germans, who have had almost a monopoly of the "Geschichte der Philosophie," have, with all their learning, failed to give a tolerable account of the thinkers who form what is called the "Scotch school," and we therefore bail with satisfaction a work by Dr. M'Cosh, called The Scottish Philosophy, which Messrs. Macmillan have sent us. Sir William Hamilton, we cannot help thinking, will prove to have been the last Scholarch of the Northern Philosophy, and it is therefore in accordance with the fitness of things that, the school being closed, its annals should be written by one of the most distinguished living exponents of its doctrines. Dr. M'Cosh is in many ways qualified for the task he has undertaken, and his volume contains much valuable matter. Of course, his theological prepossessions have, to a considerable extent, coloured his views, and have led him to underrate Hutcheson, to our thinking the most original thinker of the school, while he has absurdly overrated Chalmers, who had no philosophical importance whatever. Dr. M'Cosh has rightly given an account of Hume; but he ought, we think, to have omitted James Mill, who was as antagonistic to the school as Hume, but had, unlike Hume, not the smallest influence on their speculations. We can, however, recommend Dr. M'Cosh's work as a whole, for it supplies a real want. We wish, indeed, he had not such a curiously high opinion of Cousin: he positively accuses Cousin of accuracy! Some rather interesting letters of Hutcheson's are given in an Appendix. A PROOF that the Scotch school is at an end is furnished by a volume of Selections from Berkeley, issued by the Clarendon Press. We spoke in high terms of Prof. Fraser's large edition of Berkeley when it was published, and we have nothing but praise for this volume of selections; but we cannot help feeling that, when the successor of Hamilton is found devoting himself mainly to the Bishop of Cloyne, Prof. Baynes giving his energies to English philology and criticism, and Mr. Bain occupying the Aberdeen chair of metaphysics, the philosophy of Reid must be considered moribund. MR. BOSWORTH has sent us the new edition of recommended for its cheapness and convenient his useful Clergy Directory, which we have before size. THE coloured picture in Punch's Pocket-Book (Punch Office) this year is a satire upon the Club for both sexes which has lately been proposed, and, indeed, we believe, set a-going. At least, it is said, that some of the Members have paid their subscriptions. The contents, grave and gay, of the Pocket-Book are quite up to the usual standard of merit. land (Longmans), The Teaching of the Cha Л during the First Three Centuries on the D. of the Christian Priesthood and Sacrific, t Rev. C. B. Drake, M.A. (Macmillan), The G of the Prophets, by the Author of Essays ( Church' (Seeley)-Christus Redemptor, sel and arranged by H. Southgate (Cassell)-a Wonderful Life, by H. Stretton (King). A New Editions we have The Dialect of the s Gypsies, by B. C. Smart, M.D., and H. T. C (Asher), -Tamil Proverbs, with their English 7 lation, by the Rev. P. Percival (KingLiberté Morale, by A. D. Gasparin, 2 vols. Pa Lévy). Also the following Pamphlets: The quities of Modern Greek, by the Rev. E. M. G M.A., Shorthand Simplified, by W. Ritchie lingridge),-The Universal Religion, by J. Ca D.D. (Hamilton & Adams),-The Cure of News Responsibilities and its Limits, by G. E. Jelf, M (Mozley),-and Die Handschrift des " Figar A. Haeger (Leipzig, Mutze). LIST OF NEW BOOKS. Christian's Friend (The), cr. 8vo. 2,6 cl. ined, 8vo. 5/ cl. Fine Art. Poetry and the Drama. History. Doran's (Dr.) Lives of the Queens of England of Hase of Plutarch's Lives, by Langhorne, new edit. 8vo. & el Macgregor's (J.) Cruise of the Rob Roy on the Jordan edit. cr. 8vo. 7.6 cl Philology. Bullock's (T. A.) Class Book of Manual of Spelling, 19mo 1 6 Perceval's (Rev. P.) Tamil Proverbs, 3rd edit. 8vo. 9. snd. Prendergast's Mastery Series, Latin, 2nd edit. 12mo. Ser Virgil's Eneid, translated by Rev. J. M. King, 2nd e Science Grant's (R.) Transit of Venus in 1874, 16mo 16 cl. Laurie's (J. S.) Atlas of Physical Maps in Fac-Simile Reen, 4to. 3/6 swd. Lubbock (Sir J.) On British Wild Flowers, cr. 8vo. 4 6 el Notes and Queries on Anthropology, fcap. 8ro 3 cl. General Literature. Bonar's (H.) Earth's Morning, er. 8vo. 5 cl. WE have on our table The Doctrine of Descent and Darwinism, by O. Schmidt (King), -A Tract on Musical Statics, by J. Curwen (Tonic Sol-Fa Agency).-Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea, by F. B. Watkins, M.A. (Williams & Norgate),Short Exercises in Latin Prose Composition, by the Rev. H. Belcher, M.A. (Macmillan),-First Steps in Etymology, edited by J. S. Laurie (Marshall),The Reporter's Manual of Phonographic Shorthand, by R. Wailes, M.D. (Simpkin),—On Teaching, its Ends and Means, by H. Calderwood, LL.D. (Edinburgh, Edmonston & Douglas), The Lady's Chesterfield's (Earl of) Wit and Wisdom, edited by W L Every-Day Book, by the Author of Enquire Within' (Bemrose),- Missionary Life in the Southern Seas, by J. Hutton (King),—Conflict and Victory: the Autobiography of the Author of The Sinners' Friend,' edited by N. Hall, LL.B. (Nisbet),- Claims of Animals (Partridge),--Our Sketching Club, by the Rev. R. St. John Tyrwhitt, M.A. (Macmillan),-Sunbeams from a Western Hemisphere, by A. M. G. (Simpkin), Antony Brade, by R. Lowell (Low),-Chronicles of Cosy Nook, by Mrs. S. C. Hall (Ward),-Aunt Mary's Bran Pie, by the Author of 'St. Olave's' (King), Browning, er 8vo. 7,6 cl. Collins's (M.) Secret of Long Life, 4th edit. 8vo. & c Evening Hours, New Series, Vol. 1, 1574, rey, Svo. 7 ch. Roses With and Without Thorns, by E. F. Fleet (Ward),-Ella's Locket, by G. E. Dartnell (Ward), O'Shaughnessy's (A. and E) Toyland, imp. 1emo. 5 c -Katie Summers, by Mrs. C. Hall (Ward),-The Emigrant's Story, and other Poems, by J. T. Trowbridge (Trübner),-Stones from the Quarry, by H. Browne (Provost),-Hymns for the Church of Eng-Through Storm and Sunshine, by Adon, cr. Svo. 7 6 cl Owen's (R D.) Debatable Land, 2nd edit er. 8vo. 76c Prentiss's (Mrs. E) Urbane and his Friends, 12mo. 25 Sir Evelyn's Charge, by M. I. A., cr. 8vo. 6, cl. Somebody, by Stella Austin, 16mo. 3 el. Talmage's (T. De W.) Around the Tea-Table, cr. Svo Titcomb's Letters (Rose Library), fcap. 1/ swd. THE PUBLIC LIBRARIES OF LONDON. DR. WILLIAMS's library, originally founded for the benefit of the Dissenting Ministers, as Sion College was for the Established Clergy, next claims our attention. Daniel Williams, D.D., born in 1644, at Wrexham, in Denbighshire, was a Nonconformist Divine of considerable repute in his day. He was, moreover, a man of large and enlightened views, of a kind disposition, and free-handed with his money. For some time before his death, which took place in London in 1716, he had determined to found a public library in the metropolis, to be placed under the management of a succession of trustees, with power to rule under what restrictions it should be accessible to the public. He made his own collection of books, which was both extensive and valuable, the nucleus of this library, to which during his lifetime he added by purchase the library of Dr. William Bates, a collection well known for the judgment with which it had been formed and the variety of works it contained. These two collections he bequeathed in trust for the use of the public, together with a sum of 1,500l. to purchase a site and erect a building for the library. Singularly enough, the site fixed upon was in Red Cross Street, not far away from the older Institution of Sion College. The piece of ground cost 4501., but when this was paid the balance out of the 1,500l. was not sufficient for the building, to complete which the trustees contributed liberally among themselves, and the library was thrown open to the public in 1729. Before this was done a Catalogue was drawn up of the two collections mentioned, duplicates and "useless books" (so called) being excluded, with a view to induce others to contribute books to the new institution. This Catalogue was printed in 1727; and the first to respond to the appeal was Dr. William Harris, a friend of the founder, who bequeathed to the collection the whole of his library, amounting to about 2,500 volumes. At many subsequent periods numerous donations and bequests have been made both by trustees and other friends of the institution. "It has been usual with the Lay Trustees, on their appointment, to present to the library the sum of ten guineas, or some book or books equivalent to that sum." The sum of 100l. per annum out of the funds at the disposal of the trustees has also been appropriated for many years, under the direction of the Court of Chancery, towards the augmentation of the library,-an allowance which has lately been increased to 2001. per annum. The library thus founded and gradually augmented consists, at present, of about 30,000 printed books and three or four hundred MSS. The ground in Red Cross Street, where the library had originally stood, having been required for the extension of the Metropolitan Railway, it was resolved that the building should be taken down, and the books removed temporarily to a house in Queen Square, Bloomsbury. This was done in 1864, and the books continued in Queen Square until a site was found for a new building more suitable to the purposes of the library. This was found in Grafton Street, which runs from Gower Street, opposite University College, into Tottenham Court Road, where a building in the late Gothic style was erected from the design of Mr. Chatfield Clark, and was opened to the public in September, 1873. In this building the library occupies the first floor, being approached by a wide stone staircase. It is about 80 feet long. The roof is of oak, and so are the presses for the books, which are conveniently disposed in recesses on either side of the room. On the groundfloor are two spacious rooms, one used as a committee-room, and the other to be used as a dininghall, no festivities having as yet taken place in the building. The upper rooms in the house are allotted to the librarian for a residence. The site of this building was purchased for 4,000l., and the entire sum expended upon it, including the fittings of the library, amounted to as much as 13,000l., rather more than was at first contemplated, and consequently involving the trustees (for the present at least) in some pecuniary difficulties. On entering the Library one is immediately struck by its generally handsome appearance and its suitability to the purpose for which it was designed. It is, in fact, most creditable in every way to the architect. Still there is a newness about it which forms a strange contrast to the generally dingy appearance of the books. What is now wanted is a further expenditure of, at least, a thousand or fifteen hundred pounds upon the bindings of the books, and the refurbishing of the valuable collection of portraits. We trust that by due arrangement with the Court of Chancery this may be effected. Let us now see what is the general character of Dr. Williams's Library. Both the MSS. and the printed books reflect largely the theological, ecclesiastical, and controversial aspects of the seventeenth century. A carefully executed catalogue of the former was drawn up by the late Mr. W. H. Black in 1858, and a report upon the same by Mr. Joseph Stevenson, who acknowledges his obligations to his predecessor, has been recently printed in the Appendix to the third Report of the "Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts." From this we cull the following few items, viz., a folio volume on vellum, imperfect, of the Vulgate, 13th century: "It formerly belonged to the Friars Minor of Nottingham, and in 1519 was given by Thomas Rypone to the Rector of Bertone,"-a folio volume on vellum, fifteenth century, containing the 'Summa de Pœnitentia' of Thomas de Cobham, a treatise upon various points of Christian duty, and the explanation of Nicholas de Lyra upon the Gospel of St. Matthew,—a small octavo volume on vellum, of the Vulgate, beautifully written in the thirteenth century,-a Psalter of the thirteenth century, on vellum, beautifully written with six illuminations,-a copy of Wycliffe's New Testament in English, on vellum, fourteenth century. The Book of Esther in Hebrew, on vellum, -a volume on the history of the Roman Conclaves, &c.,-two volumes written in the time of Charles the First on Ship-money and the Indictment against Mr. Thomas Harrison,-a folío volume, formerly 'Liber Thoma Hollis,' containing the standard and arms of Robert Earl of Essex," the "standard and arms of Sir Thomas Fairfax and others," painted by John Turville,- History of the English Liturgy,' 1723,-a volume in large folio, containing a list of the religious houses as they were conveyed and valued, temp. Henrici VIII., with numerous other interesting matters,—a collection of sundry papers, in prose and verse, by various hands, from William the Third to George the Third,-Letters from Priestley to Theophilus Lindsey, 1766-1803,-"Seven volumes in folio, consisting of treatises, disputations, sermons, &c., written or collected by the Rev. Richard Baxter,""Seven volumes in folio, consisting of collections for the biographies of eminent Englishmen,—an octavo volume of poems, by George Herbert, said to be in his own handwriting, from the Ferrars family of Little Gidding, and probably bound there,-Minutes of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster from 1643 to 1652, in three volumes, folio, "a very valuable record." Portions of this collection, relating to the Kirk of Scotland, very badly written, and deciphered with much care some years ago by Mr. Thompson, of the British Museum, have been recently published under the joint editorship of the Rev. Dr. A. Mitchell and the Rev. Dr. J. Struthers. Finally, let us mention " a series of about fifty volumes, of various sizes, consisting of the collections of Walter Wilson, Esq., for the history and succession of the Ministers of the Dissenting Congregations, biographies of the more eminent Ministers, with a detailed account of various Dissenting Schools and Academies." We have by no means exhausted the list of noticeable MSS., but from what we have mentioned it will be seen that many of them, especially those of an historical character, are highly valuable and important. Some, we may observe, have been used to good purpose by the Rev. Dr. Waddington in his Congregational History,' but there are considerable gleanings still to be had out of them by diligent searchers. The collection of printed books embraces numerous editions of the Bible or portions of it in different languages; among which may be mentioned Walton's Polyglott, in six volumes,-the Bible in English, 1540, and another 1549,-the Rhemish Testament of 1582, and again of 1594,— the New Testament "in duodecim linguis per Hutterum," Berol, 1587,-the New Testament, Greek, cum duplici interpretatione Erasmi et Veteris Interpretis," Rob. Stephan. 1551; also Greek and Latin by Erasmus, Basle, 1535. Among translations are several of those published by the British and Foreign Bible Society. Among the Liturgical works are a Pontificale, 1520, a Sarum Missal of 1513, and a Sarum Hora of 1530, a very fine copy. Of the 'Common Prayer,' the earliest edition is that dated 1615, in folio. There are numerous modern revisions and adaptations of it. Of the writings of the Fathers there is Labigne's great collection, also the 'Patres Apostolici' of Cotelerius, in Greek and Latin. There are various editions of the Councils, including the Collectio Regia in thirty-seven volumes, and Labbe's great collection in eighteen volumes. The English divines, especially those of the sixteenth and seventeenth century, both of the Established Church and the Nonconformist bodies, are well represented. The library contains the works of Bishop Jewell, Archbishop Abbot, Dr. South, Jeremy Taylor, Bishop Patrick, Dr. Owen, Richard Baxter, Edward Calamy, &c.; also numerous Unitarian writers. In historical works, the library is very fairly furnished. Of classical authors there are numerous editions, none, however, of great rarity. There are various works on classical and other antiquities, such as Grævius and Gronovius; also collections like Rymer's Fœdera.' The library also contains the Biographia Britannica,' in seven volumes, and Kippis's, in five volumes; the works of Strype, Selden, Stukeley; Bayle's Dictionary, French, and the same, English; the Journal des Scavans, twenty-three volumes; Mercurius Politicus, nine volumes, 1650-60, and Mercurius Pragmaticus, 1647; also various editions of the Northern Sagas, one of which was printed at Hoolum in Iceland, in 1756. Of book rarities, if under that term we must only include what are called the Incunabula of printing, or books printed before the year 1500, there are none, we believe, in the library. It was in vain that we inquired for either a Caxton, a Wynkyn de Worde, or a Pynson. Still there are many works of great interest on the shelves even on the score of rarity. Let us mention the following:-A first folio of Shakspere, 1623; Spenser's 'Complaints,' 1591; Sir Thomas North's Plutarch, 1612; 'A Dialogue between Experience and a Courtier, of the Miserable State of the Worlde,' by Sir David Lindsey, 1581; Milton's 'Paradise Lost,' 1669, and Regained,' 1671, and his various prose works; Chaucer's Canterbury Tales,' 1591; Fletcher's 'Purple Island,' 1633; a small Greek Testament that belonged to Dr. Watts, with his Autograph and Notes, 1634, many of "old" Fuller's works, the original editions; 'L'Innocence de la très illustre, très chaste et débonnaire Princesse Madame Marie, Royne d'Escosse,' Paris, 1572; Montaigne's Essays,' translated by Florio, 1603; Beaumont and Fletcher's Works, 1679; Wycherley's, 1713; and Sir G. Etherege's, 1703. likely may have been found some of those Caxtons the absence of which we just now deplored. On the other hand, what astonished us much to observe, in looking through the last published Catalogue of the Library, Vol. III., 1870, is the following entry :-"Meursius, J. Elegantia Latini Sermonis, seu Aloisia, 2 vols., Birm."! Shades of Fénelon and Madame Guyon, of George Herbert and Isaac Watts, and all ye other good and pious authors, what an intruder is this into your company! We wonder whether the book was purchased or presented. If the latter, he must have been a bold man, to say the least, who ventured to put so unsavoury a jest upon the respectable trustees and librarian. Of Catalogues there are three: one of the general collection, printed in 1841; one of the tracts and pamphlets in the same year; and one of the additions to the library, printed in 1870. Each is alphabetically arranged according to authors' names. In addition to these, we understand that the librarian is engaged in forming a classified catalogue of the entire collection. The collection of portraits in Dr. Williams's library is both numerous and interesting. There are as many as ninety altogether, principally of Nonconformist divines, and some of them well painted. Among those that we particularly noticed were the following:-Dr. Williams himself, and his second wife, a remarkably handsome woman; Richard Baxter, by Riley; Thomas Case, of the Assembly of Divines; Dr. William Bates, by Kneller; Matthew Henry; T. Cartwright; John Flavel; Isaac Watts; Caleb Fleming; Andrew Kippis; Abraham Rees; Joseph Priestley, by Fuseli, said to be the only portrait Fuseli painted; a portrait, said to be that of William Tyndale; and portraits of Col. Barkstead, the regicide, and his son. We conclude by tendering our thanks to the Rev. William Hunter, the librarian, for facilities afforded to us in drawing up this account of Dr. Williams's Library,-a library from its commencement accessible to the public through proper recommendation, and now open daily between the hours of ten o'clock and five. THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE ANTI-MARTINIST TRACTS. I. PAP WITH A HATCHET. NASHE'S reputation as a satirist was so great that in later years his name eclipsed those of his coadjutors, and he was credited with Anti-Martinist Tracts other than his own. One of these was 'Pappe with an hatchet.' Jeremy Collier and à Wood assigned it to him; and, while some of authority have differed, others have followed this opinion, and Mr. Petheram, in his reprint of 1840, considered the question as yet undecided. But the internal evidence is decisive as to John Lyly's authorship, and the external decisive as to this, and as to its being well known to his contemporaries. The external evidence is furnished by Gabriel Harvey, Lyly's un-friend, and by Nashe himself, the opponent of Harvey, and Lyly's friend and fellow-worker. Yet it illustrates the chanceful evidence that we have as to the authorship of any anonymous or pseudonymous writing of that age, that had it not been for the quarrel between Harvey and Nashe there would have been no evidence other than internal as to the identity of Lyly with Pap-Hatchet, or, as he signed himself, Double V. The episode of the Mar-Prelate Tracts caused much stir; the controversy of which it was an episode continued to vex the nation for years; and, as we learn from N. Baxter's 'Ourania,'' Pap with a Hatchet' was still a favourite stall-book in 1605 or '6, yet there is no notice of its authorship, except in the writings of Harvey and Nashe, and in these no direct allusion nor naming till Harvey took up the belief that Lyly had incited Greene and others to write against him. This reticence in naming seems due partly to the non-recording of things well known to the then generation, but partly also, as I think, to a courtesy which, in other instances than this, avoided mention in print of the names of any who had chosen to conceal their names. Pasquil, is not even mentioned by Harvey, nor, so far as I know, by any other; and though from that time disused by him, it was respected by all as his, and remained unappropriated till 1600, the year in which or after which he died. Perhaps, however, the most marked instance is in the case of the author of 'The Arte of English Poesie.' Nashe's Anti-Martinist pseudonym, Pap-Hatchet having exclaimed in the midst of sentences markedly Lyly-like, "Faith, then be caught by the stile," Harvey dilates on it thu "Faith quoth himselfe, thou wilt be caugh thy stile. Indeed what more easie, then to face the man by his humour, the Midas by his ea the Calfe by his tongue, the goose by his quill, t Play-maker by his stile, the batchet by the Pa Albertus Secrets, Poggius fables, Bebelius ies Scoggins tales, Wakefields lyes, Parson Daret knaueries, Tarletons trickes, Elderton's Bali Greene's Pamflets, Euphues Similes, double T phrases are too well knowen to go unknowe (S 1 v.) To return to the evidence: Harvey's is peculiarly strong, because it was both immediate, and then, after five years' knowledge, deliberately put forth. Whether moved merely by an old grudge, or by some newer cause, Pap-Hatchet, in the midst of his attack on Martin, turned suddenly aside to give this cut at Harvey. "And one will we coniure vp, that writing a familiar Epistle about the naturall causes of an Earthquake, fell into the bowells of libelling, which made his eares quake for feare of clipping, he shall tickle you with taunts;.... If he ioyne with vs perijsti Martin, thy wit wil be massacred: if the toy take him to close with thee, then haue I my wish, for this tenne yeres haue I lookt to lambacke him. Nay he is a mad lad, and such a one as cares as little for writing without wit, as Martin doth for writing without honestie." Enraged at this, Harvey sat down, and, on the 5th of November, 1589, completed An Advertisement for Pap-hatchet and Martin Mar-prelate,' where the apparently previously written Advertisement for Martin, a sensible and moderate, but most tediously wearying homily against Martinists, is sandwiched in between nearly three, and then four and more leaves of invective against EuphuesLyly-Pap-Hatchet. This, however, he did not then publish; and when, in 1592, time had cooled his wrath, he in his Four Letters took credit for not naming Lyly:-"I neither name Martin-marprelate nor shame Papp with a Hatchet, nor mention any other but Elderton and Greene." (Brydges's repr. p. 4). But he shows that he knew who PapHatchet was, by saying (p. 17), "Another company of special good fellows (whereof he was none of the meanest that bravely threatened to conjure up one which should massacre Martin's wit....) would needs forsooth very courtly persuade the EARL of OXFORD that something in those letters, and namely [especially] the Mirror of Tuscanismo, was palpably intended against him." Afterwards, in 1595, when he published his 'Pierce's Supererogation,' made up as Nashe wittily said, of rags of treatises that had lain by pickled in brine, the Advertisement was among the rags thrown in. Thus he recognized Lyly on the publication of Pap in 1589, showed that he had not altered his opinion in 1592, and then in 1595 published what he had written of him in 1589. To give all the identifyings would, indeed, be a work of supererogation, and as tedious as Harvey's. Some of the chief will suffice. "PAP-HATCHET (for the name of thy good nature [i. e. Lyly] is pityfully growen out of request), thy olde acquaintance in the Savoy, when young Euphues hatched the egges that his elder freends laid, (surely Euphues was some way a pretty fellow; would God Lilly had alwaies bene Euphues, and neuer Pap-hatchet), that old acquaintance, now somewhat straungely saluted with a new remembrance, is neither lullabied with thy sweet Papp, scarre-crowed with thy sower hatchet." (Sig. I 4.) nor 66 Euphues, it is good to bee merry; and Lilly, it is good to bee wise; and Papp-hatchet, it is better to loose [lose] a new iest then an olde frend." (I 4 v.) "The finest wittes preferre the loosest period in M Ascham or Sir Philip Sidney before the tricksiest page in Euphues or Pap-hatchet." (S 2.) "And all you that tender the preservation of your good names, were best to please Pap-hatchet, and fee Euphues betimes, for feare lesse he be mooued, or some One of his Apes hired, to make a Playe of you." (R 4 v.) 66 Albeit euery ma cannot compile such graund Volumes as Euphues, or reare such mightie tomes as Pap-hatchet (Pap-hatchets words retorted, yet he might haue thought," &c. (R 4.) "I wis it were purer Euphuisme... to mitig the heat of Euphorbium with the inice of lilly." "Some roses amongst prickes, doe well; and some lillyes amongst the thornes, would ha done no harme. But Envie hath no fansie to the rose of the garden and what careth Malice for the lilly of the Valley? Would, fayre Names wer spelles, and charmes against fowle Affections." "For stationers. . . . finde more gaine in the lillypot blanke, [blank paper with this wate mark] then in the lillypot Euphued." (S2) "I know one that [against Lyly] bath written a Pamflet, intituled 'Cock-a-lilly or The White S of the Black Art.' But he that can massa Martin's wit, (thou remembrest thine own phrase [in Pap-Hatchet]) can rott Pap-hatchets braine and he that can tickle Mar-prelate with tawn [another quotation] can twitch double V to the quicke." (R 3 v.) These are a part only of the passages, and a lesser part of the abuse. Nashe's evidence again is strong in itself-he being Lyly's friend and fellow-worker and makes Harvey's attribution a certainty. If Harvey immediately attributed Pap-Hatchet to Lyly, held to it in 1592, and in 1595 printed page upon page of abuse of an 0offending man, with what inventive malice and jeering sarcasm would Nashe have attacked and tormented him, not once nor twice, but at every opportunity? What barbed invectives would have been hurled at so malignant a bellower by an assailant so dexterous and nimble? Yet there is nothing of this; on the contrary, Nashe accepts the statement, nay more, endorses it. In his Apology for Pierce Penniless is "He that threatned to conjure up Martin's wit, hath written some thing too in your praise in Pap-hatchet for all you accuse him to haue courtlie incenst the Earle of Oxford against you.... Should he take thee in hand againe. . . .I prophecie, &c.” (Sig. G 4.) Here he accepts the identification and the cause of quarrel which had been stated by Harvey, be: not by Pap-Hatchet. In his 'Strange Newes speaking of Richard Harvey, he says, "Not mee alone did hee revile and dare to the combat, but glickt at Pap-hatchet once more, and mistermed all our other [i. e., us and our other] Poets and Writers about London, piperly make-plaies and make-bates." (C 3.) But in 'Have with You to Saffron-Walden,' his answer to the 'Supererogation, Harvey having named Lyly, he writes thus: nowere Gnimelfe Hengist here giues out.. Master Lilly neuer procur'd Greene or mee to write against him. . . . and M. Lilly and me by name he beruffianizd and berascalld, copar'd to Mar termd us piperly make-plaies and make-bates" (Sig V 2.) The title being 'Pappe, &c, alias A Figge for my God Sonne,' &c., Harvey played more than once with the word fig, and one of the interlocutors in 'Have with You,' quoting from Harvey, says to Nashe, "Saint Fame is one of the notorious nicke-names he gives thee, as also under the arte of figges (to cleave him from the crown to the waste with a quip) he shadowes Master Ly (H 4.) And referring to the same 'Supererogation he says, "Anie time this 17 yere my adversary Fregius Pedagogus bath laid waste paper in pickle and publisht some rags of treatises against Master Lilly and me." (E 2 v.) "His booke or Magna Charta which against M. Lilly & me he addrest." (Sig. D.) "It is divaled into foure parts; one against mee, the second |