The Social Economy of the Himalayans: Based on a Survey in the Kumaon Himalayas

agriculture Almora Almora district altitude animals Askot Bageshwar bamboo barley baskets beasts Bhabars Bhotiyas carried cattle ceremony channels climate cloth cold consists crop cultivation Danpur Darma Dharchula Dhauli district fair fallow feet fields flocks fodder forest Garhwal Gartok goats grain grass grazing harvest height hillman hills Himalayan hurkiya irrigation jibu Johar Jouljibi Kali Kali-Kumaon katil Khamba kharif known Kumaon labour land load madua manure March maunds migrations miles mills months mountain Nanda Devi Nepal nomadic paddy parganas pastures places plains plants plough ponies population practised rabi rabi crop rainfall rains rainy season Ramganga Ramnagar Ranikhet reaped region rice ridge ripen river rotation saya seed seers sheep sickle slopes snow soil Sometimes sowing sown stones streams summer talaon Tibet Tibetan tract trade transhumance transplanting transport Trisul turmeric upraon usually valleys variety vegetables village weaving weeds wheat winter women wooden wool