Look in the Table for 600 Feet, in the Column marked Height in Feet, and right against it, in the Column marked Distance in Miles, ftands 29.994, fo that the Distance may be reckoned about 30 Miles.

Being in Company with fome Merchants walking on a fandy Shore, on the Look-out for a Veffel which was then expected, whose Top-gallant Maft was 140 Feet above the Surface, Allowance being made for her Immerfion in the Water; we obferved, through a Telescope, a Ship's Vane juft appearing in the Horizon: How far off is that Ship, fuppofing it the Veffel expected?

ANSWER. Againft 140 Feet, the Height ftands 14.488, that is her Diftance. Here is no Allowance made for the Height of the Eye above the Horizon; but it is obvious, that the higher the Eye the farther it can fee. Now as Objects are feen in a traight Line, and that Line is a Tangent to the Earth's Surface, therefore, it follows, that to find the Distance of two elevated Objects, when the right Line joining them touches the Surface of the Earth between thofe Objects, look for the Distance answering to each Height, and their Sum is the Distance required.

Thus, in the second Example, fuppofe the Eye is raifed fix Feet above the Water's Edge, it can fee an Object on the Surface 2.999, or 3 Miles off; this Diftance added to the 14 Miles, makes the Distance of the Ship to be 17 Miles.

A Man being on the Main-top gallant Maft of a Man of War 200 Feet above the Water, fees an 100 Gun Ship fhe had engaged the Day before hull to: How far were those Ships diftant ?

A Ship of 100 Guns, or a firft Rate Man of War, is above 60 Feet from the Keel to the Rails; from which, deduct about 20 for the Draught of Water, leaves 40 Feet for the Height of her Quarter above Water: Now a Ship is feen Hull to, when her Upper Works juft appear.

Then 200 Feet high gives
And against 40 Feet ftands

Their Sum, which is

17.316 Miles.

7.744 Miles.

25.060 Miles is their Distance

To eftimate Distances by Sound fee OBLIQUE SAILING:

A TABLE for finding the Distance of Terreftrial Objects at

Sea.

22

5.338 107 20 5.476 110 21 5.611 113 5.743 116

12.666 360

23.232

12.842 370

23.553

23.869

12345

23

24

13.357 400
13.525 410
13.690 420

5.872 119 5.999 122 25 6.122 125 6.243 128 13.853 430 6.362 131 14.015 44Q 6.479 134 14.174 450 6.594 137 14.332 460 6.709 140 14.488 470 6.817 143 14,642 480 6.928 146 33 7.034 150

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

345

7.140 155

7.244 160

1210 42.593 3200 69.268 13.016 380 1240 43.118 3250 69.807 13.188 390 24.181 1270 43.636 3300 79.342 24.489 1300 44.149 3350 70.873 24.793 1330 44.659 3400 71.400 25.094 1360 45.156 3450 71.923 25.391 1390 45.651 3500 72.443 25.684 1420 46.140 3550 72.958 25.974 1450 46.629 3600 73.470 26.261 1480 47.106 3650 73.979 26.545 1510 47.581 3700 74.484 26.826 1540 48.052 3750 74.985 14.795 490 27.104 1570 48.517 3800 75.484 14.995 500 27.379 1600 48.979 3850 75.979 15.244 510 27.652 1630 49.436 3900 76.471 15.488 520 27.922 1660 49.889 3950 76.959 7.347 165 15.728 530 28.189 1690 50.338 400 77.445 7.448 170 15.965 540 28.454 1720 50.782 4050 77-927 38 7.548 175 16.198 550 28.716 1750 51.223 4100 78.407 7.647 180 16.427 560 28.976 1780 51.661 4150 78.884 40 7.744 185 16.654 570 28.233 1810 52.094 4200 79.358 4I 7.840 190 16.878 580 29.489 1840 52.524 4250 79.829 7.935 195 17.098 590 29.742 1870 52.951 4300 80.297 8.029 200 17.316 600 29.994 1900 53.374 4350 80.662 8.122 205 17.531 620 30.489 1930 53.793 4400 81.215 8.214 210 17-748 640 30.976 1960 54.219 4450 81.685 8.305 215 17.955 660 31.457 2000 54.761 4500 82.143 47 8.394 220 18.160 680 31.930 2050 55.441 4550 82.598 48 8.483 225 18.366 700 32.396 2100 56.113 4600 83.051 49 8.570 230 18.569 720 32.855 2150 56.777 4650 83.501 8.658 235 18.770 740 33.309 2200 57.434 4700 83.919

34

35

36

37

39

42

43

44

45

45

[Though the following may be thought useless to Seamen, it may not be fo to many Teachers and Learners, as there are excellent Mathematicians who, on Account of their being far diftant from any Sea-port, are at a Lofs for the Terms made Ufe of at Sea.]

An Explanation of the most useful Sea

Enfign.

Terms.

ANCIEN. The old Term for the Flag, which is now called Aft, or Abaft. The Sternmoft Part of the Ship: Carry aft any Thing; that is, carry it towards the Stern. The Mast rakes aft, that is, hangs towards the Stern. How chear ye fore and aft? that is, how fares all the Ship's Company?

Amain. The old Term for yield, ufed by Men of War to an Enemy; but it now fignifies any Thing done fuddenly, or at once, by a Number of Men.

Aloft. Over Head, or above.

Anchor. The Inftrument by which a Ship is held. The Anchor is foul; that is, the Cable has got about the Fluke of the Anchor. The Anchor is a-peek; that is, directly under the Hawfe-Hole of the Ship. The Anchor is a cock-bill, that is, hangs up and down the Ship's Side.

Avning. A Shelter or Screen of Canvas, fpread over the Decks of a Ship to keep off the Heat of the Sun. Spread the Awning, extend it fo as to cover the Deck. Furl the Awning, that is, roll

it up.

Aloof, is Diftance. Keep aloof, that is, keep at a Diftance.

Avaft. A Term ufed for ftop, or ftay; as, avaft heaving; don't heave any more.

Athwart. Acrofs.

Bale. Bale the Boat; that is, to lade or throw the Water out of her.

Ballaft, is either Pigs of Iron, Stones or Gravel, which laft is called Shingle Ballaft; and their Ufe is to bring the Ship down to her Bearings in the Water, which her Provifions and Stores will not do. Trim the Ballaft, that is, fpread it about, and lay it even. The Ballaft fhoots, that is, it shifts, or runs over from one Side of the Hold to the other.

Bearing, fignifies the Point of the Compafs which any two or more Places bear from each other, or how any Place bears from the Ship by the Compafs; or it may be faid to bear on the Beam, abaft the Beam, on the Bow, the Head or Stern, &c. Bearings of a Ship, is that Line which is formed by the Water upon her Sides when he is at Anchor, with her proper Proportion of

Ballaft and Stores on Board. To bear to, is to fail into an Har bour, &c. Bear round up; that is, put her right before the Wind. Bring your Guns to bear, is to point them to the Object. Bearing-up, or Bearing-away. The Act of changing the Course of a Ship, in order to make her run before the Wind, after she had failed fome Time with a Side Wind, or close hauled: it is generally performed to arrive at fome Port under the Lee, or to avoid fome imminent Danger occafioned by a violent Storm, Leak, or an Enemy in Sight. This Phrafe, which is abfurd enough, feems to have been derived from the Motion of the Helm, by which this Effect is partly produced; as the Helm is then borne up to the Windward, or Weather Side of the Ship. Otherwife it is a direct Contradiction in Terms, to say that a Ship bears up, when the goes before the Wind; fince the Current of the Wind, as well as that of a River, is always understood to determine the Situation of Objects or Places within its Limits. In the firft Sense we fay, up to Windward and down to Leeward; as in the latter we fay, up or down the River. This Expreffion, however, although extremely improper, is commonly adopted in the general Inftructions of our Navy, printed by Authority, instead of bearing down, or bearing away.

Belay. To make fast any running Rope; as, belay the Main Brace, or make it faft.

Bend. To apply to, and faften; as, bend the Sails, apply them to the Yards, and faften them; unbend the Sails, that is, caft them off, and take them from the Yards; her Sails are unbent, fhe has none fixed; bend the Cable, make it faft to the Anchor.

Birth. A Place; as the Ship's Birth, the Place where the is moored; an Officer's Birth, his Place in the Ship to eat or fleep in; birth the Ship's Company, that is, allot them their Places to mefs in; birth the Hammocks, point out where each man's Hammock is to hang.

Bight of a Rope. Any Part between the two Ends. Bight, a narrow Inlet of the Sea.

Bilge. To break. The Ship is bilged, that is, her Planks are broken in by Violence.

Binnacle. A Kind of Box to contain the Compaffes upon Deck. Bitts. Very large Pieces of Timber in the fore Part of the Ship, round which the Cables are faftened when the Ship is at Anchor. After Bitts, a finaller Kind of Bitts upon the Quarter Deck, for belaying the running Rigging to.

Bonnet of a Sail. Is an additional Piece of Canvas put to the Sail in moderate Weather to hold more Wind. Lace on the Bonnet, that is, faften it to the Sail. Shake off the Bonnet, take it off. Board. To board a Ship, is to enter it in an hoftile Manner by Force. Board and Board, is when two Ships touch each other,

To make a Board, is making a Stretch upon any Tack, when a Ship is working upon a Wind. To board it up, that is, to turn to Windward. The Ship has made à Stern-Board, that is, when fhe lofes Ground in working upon a Wind.

"Break Bulk. To open the Hold, and take Goods thereout.. Batten. A thin Piece of Wood. Batten down the Hatches, is to lay Battens upon the Edges of the Tarpaulins, which are over the Hatches in bad Weather, and nail them down, that they may not be washed off.

Buoy. A floating conical Cafk, moored upon Shoals, to fhew where the Danger is; also used to Anchors, to fhew where they lie, in cafe of the Cable breaking.

Block. A Piece of Wood with running Sheaves or Wheels in it, through which the running Rigging is paffed, to add to the Purchafe.

Braces. The Ropes by which the Yards are turned about to form the Sails to the Wind.

Bowfprit. A large Maft or Piece of Timber, which stands out from the Bows of a Ship.

Bulk-head. A Partition.

Bolt-rope. The Rope which goes round a Sail, and to which the Canvas is fewed.

Bow-lines. Lines made faft to the Sides of the Sails to haul them forward when upon a Wind, which being hauled tort, enables the Ship to come nearer to the Wind.

Bunt-lines. Lines that come down froin the Top of the Maft to the Beam of the Outfide of the Sail, and by which the Bunt or Belly of the Sail is hauled up outwards.

Broach-to. Is when a Ship on a fudden lays her Broadfide to the Sea, and is dangerous in bad Weather.

Chafe. A Purfuit. To chafe, to pursue.
To chafe, to purfue. The Chafe, the Veffel

pursued.

Careening. To bring a Ship down on one Side, so as to get at the other Side to repair or clean it.

Caulking. Filling the Seams of a Ship with Oakum.

Eun. To direct. To cun a Ship, is to direct the Man at the Helm how to fteer.

Courfe. The Point of the Compafs upon which the Ship fails. Courses, a Ship's lower Sails; as the Fore-fail is the Fore Course, the Main-fail the Main Courfe, &c. The Ship is under her Courses, that is, has no Sail fet but the Main-fail, Fore-fail, and Mizen.

Come no near. Is faid by the Man at the Cun, when the Ship is upon a Wind, and is coming too near the Wind. Chains. A Place built on the Sides. of the Ship projecting out, and at which the Shrouds are faftened, for the Purpofe of giving them a greater Angle than they could have if faftened to the Ship's